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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
January 2015 | Vol. 10 No. 1 |
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Title: |
A multiple
engines, continuous variable hybrid transmission for
powering heavy tractors with automotive derived common rail
diesel engines |
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Author (s): |
Luca
Piancastelli and Leonardo Frizziero |
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Abstract: |
Even in heavy duty tracked vehicles it is
possible to implement Electronic stability control (ESC)
system. This is a computerized technology that improves the
safety of a vehicle's stability by detecting and reducing
loss of traction (skidding). The use of software for the
Electronic Stability may render controllable also inherently
unstable vehicles. This can be a revolution for heavy
tracked vehicles where the unstable dual drive transmission
can be used. This very simple transmission system with its
extremely high efficiency reduces weight, room and fuel
consumption. As for the aircrafts, artificial stability
improves handling, giving to the driver the possibility to
reach the ultimate dynamic and static limits of the unstable
vehicle. The overall performance of the vehicle is then
enhanced. The possibility to use multiple engines instead of
one, far from being a complication, makes it possible to use
off the shelf market solutions for the engines. Automotive
derived CRDIDs (Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel) can be
used instead of specialized heavy duty direct injection
diesel engines. An originally conceived CVT (Continuous
Variable Transmission) is introduced for this purpose. This
paper demonstrates both the feasibility and the durability
of this solution. The TBO (Time between Overhaul) of an
automotive CRDID used in a heavy duty vehicle is evaluated. |
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Title: |
Effects
of feed restriction and ascorbic acid supplementation on
carcass characteristics,
breast meat cholesterol and triglycerides of marshall
broiler chickens |
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Author (s): |
Olukomaiya
O. O., Adeyemi O. A., Sogunle O. M.,
Abioja M. O., Oyebade A. O. and Iwuchukwu P. O. |
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Abstract: |
To
determine the effects of feed restriction and ascorbic acid
supplementation on carcass characteristics, breast meat
cholesterol and triglycerides of broiler chickens, 252
two-week old Marshall broiler chickens were used in a 4 x 3
factorial experiment. The birds were weighed and randomly
distributed into 12 treatments with 3 replicates of 7 birds
each, subjected to four feed restriction levels: full
feeding (AD), skip a day feeding (SAD), skip two days
feeding (S2D) and skip three days feeding every week (S3D)
for 24 hours from days 15 to 35 and three levels of ascorbic
acid supplementation (0, 150, 300 mg/kg feed). Feed was
provided ad libitum to all the birds from days 36 to
56. Birds on full feeding regime containing 0 mg/kg ascorbic
acid had the highest (P<0.05) live weight, dressing
percentage, plucked weight, eviscerated weight, thigh, back,
wings and heart. Breast was highest (P<0.05) in birds on
full feeding regime containing 150 mg/kg ascorbic acid.
Birds on skip two days feeding regime containing 300 mg/kg
had the lowest breast meat cholesterol and triglycerides
though not statistically (p>0.05) different from other
treatments. In conclusion, feed restriction regimes and
ascorbic acid supplementation did not improve carcass
characteristics in the feed-restricted birds; however, 150
mg/kg ascorbic supplementation improved the breast weight of
the fully fed Marshall broiler chickens. |
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Title: |
Allelopatic effect of medicinal plants on emergence
uniformity and seedling vigor of weed plants
case study: fennel, velvetleaf, bindweed |
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Author (s): |
Bahram
Mirshekari |
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Abstract: |
In
sustainable agricultural strategies there is a world-wide
effort to reduce the amount of herbicides used in production
by introducing modern biological and ecological methods.
Essential oils were reported as inhibitors of seed
germination and plant growth. In order to evaluating
emergence and stand establishment of weeds as affected by
allelopatic effect of fennel extract an experiment was
conducted at the Research Station of Islamic Azad University
of Tabriz, Iran during 2013. The velvetleaf (Abutilon
theophrastii) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)
seeds were obtained from weed institute of Iran, Tehran.
Studied treatments were essence concentrations as 100, 200,
300 and 400 ppm. LSD test was used to compare the
differences among treatment means. Both weeds studied
responded positively and similarly to studied treatments.
When pots irrigated with lower dose of essence, time to
start emergence, time taken to 50 % of emergence of seedling
and mean emergence time were statistically same as control.
All the treatments also decreased the coefficient of
uniformity of emergence compared with non-treated seeds;
however, minimum coefficient of uniformity of emergence was
recorded from 300 and 400 ppm essence concentrations.
Maximum seedling dry weight (0.49 g.plant-1) was noticed in
control (0.96 g.plant-1) followed by 100 ppm treatment (0.90
g.plant-1), and the lowest from treatments of 200, 300 and
400 ppm treatments. The data shows that seedling vigor index
can be decreased by essential oil concentrations with the
same trend of seedling dry weight. In the present study a
further reduction in essential oil concentration from 200
ppm could restrict seedling vigor index significantly. As a
conclusion, higher essence concentration of fennel essential
oil could be potentially effective in controlling of the
weeds studied. |
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Title: |
Studies
of F1 population from crossing of pompom type with single
and double type of kembang kertas (zinnia elegans jacq.) |
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Author (s): |
Tumiur
Gultom and Endang Sulistyarini Gultom |
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Abstract: |
The shape
of kembang kertas which is attractive as cut flowers is
pompom type. Research to get F1 of pompom type
with greater proportion was conducted through
crossbreeding. Pompom type of kembang kertas is not perfect
flowers (do not have male reproductive organ), so it is
needed to determine which type of male (single and double
type) of perfect flowers (there are male and female
reproductive organs) that can give greater pompom
proportion. The purpose of this study is to determine the
appropriate type of male to get a descent pompom. The
materials used in this study were female parents of pompom
type that originated of selfing results of M6
population (M6S1)
and male parents of single and double type of M7
population. The results showed that crossing between
♂
double x ♀pompom types
produced the pompom type flower to the proportion of 0.78
and crossing between
♂
single x ♀pompom produced the
pompom type flower at the proportion of 0.31. |
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Title: |
Vegetative growth of cabbage in relation to sowing time,
plant spacing and NPK grown under different localities of
Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan |
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Author (s): |
Faizullah
Khan, Tariq Umar Khan, Shakira Namatullah and Tajudin |
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Abstract: |
Experiments
were conducted to determine the proper sowing time,
fertilizer requirement and appropriate spacing for cabbage
cultivar viz. Golden Acre. Results revealed that sowing
dates, plant spacing and NPK application significantly
influenced various growth characteristics of cabbage. Number
of leaves increased with delayed planting while head
diameter decreased. Application of fertilizer increased the
number of leaves per plant, diameter and weight of cabbage
head. Close spacing (20x40cm) was best for higher cabbage
yield. |
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Title: |
A tissue
culture strategy towards the rescue of endangered mascarene
aloes |
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Author (s): |
D. Lobine,
J. Govinden Soulange, M. Ranghoo Sanmukhiya and C. Lavergne |
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Abstract: |
The present study aimed at developing an efficient protocol
for the micropropagation and restoration of four endemic
threatened Masacrene Aloes namely Aloe
lomatophylloides, A. macra, A. purpurea and A. tormentorii.
Explants consisting of 2cm long hypocotyls with radicles
were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS)
basal medium supplemented different plant growth regulators
Thidiazuron, Benzyl amino purine and Naphthalene acetic acid
(TDZ, BAP, NAA). The diameter of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs)
and the length of developing shoots were calculated using
digital photography. All explants produced significantly
(p<0.05) higher number of PLBs on MS containing 0.01 NAA
mg/l except for A. tormentorii explants whereby more
PLBs were obtained in MS with NAA and TDZ. Over 95% of
rooted plantlets survived acclimatisation. The genetic
integrity of the regenerated and acclimatised plantlets was
evaluated by employing
RAPD, ISSR and
IRAP
marker assays and results indicated that all the tissue
culture-derived plants are true-to-type. Preliminary
secondary metabolite screening from the in vitro
regenerated Aloe plantlets revealed the presence of
numerous bioactive components such as anthraquinones,
phenols and flavonoids, and possible presence of alkaloids,
coumarins, tannins, saponins and terpenes which are also
present in the crude extracts of their field counterparts.
This study paves the way towards a rapid propagation and
restoration strategy for endangered medicinal Mascarene
Aloes. |
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