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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
January 2016 | Vol. 11 No. 1 |
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Title: |
Bio-economics of foliar applied gb and k on drought stressed
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) |
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Author (s): |
Muhammad
Aown Sammar Raza, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Imran Haider Khan
and Aamir Raza |
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Abstract: |
Experiment was conducted during 2009-10
at Nuclear Institute for
Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad and repeated
during 2010-11 at Agronomy Farm, University of Agriculture,
and Faisalabad to look into the economic feasibility of
exogenous application of glycinebetaine and
or potassium in improving wheat production under drought
conditions. Field oriented research consist of different
doses of glycinebetaine (0, 50,100 and 150 mM) and potassium
(0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) arranged in randomized complete
block design (factorial arrangement) with three
replications. Maximum grain yield was recorded with combined
foliar spray of 100 mM GB and 1.5% K. Maximum net field
benefits were obtained where crop was sprayed with 50 mM GB
+ 1.5% K, while maximum marginal rate of return (MRR) was
obtained by applying only 0.5% K. |
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Title: |
Comparison of biological and chemical control methods
against whiteflies and thrips in green house herbs in the
central rift valley of Ethiopia |
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Author (s): |
Gashawbeza Ayalew |
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Abstract: |
Efficacy of the parasitoid
Eretmocerus ermicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and the
predatory mite, Amblyseius swirski (Acarina:
Phytoseiidae) were compared with conventional insecticides
against whiteflies and thrips on herbs at Florensis farm in
Koka, Ethiopia. Both biocontrol agents were released weekly
in a green house measuring 500 m2 and having nine
herb species and 22 varieties. The parasitoid and the
predator were released at a rate of 12 and 100 individual’s
m-2, respectively. In an adjacent green house
having the same size and host species diversity, a total of
14different insecticides were applied91 times on 75
different dates according to the practice followed by the
farm. Adult insect pest population was monitored weekly using
sticky yellow cards in each green house. Immatures of the
insect pests and parasitized mummies including mobile
swirski mites were estimated from leaf samples of forty
randomly selected plants in each green house weekly. Thrips
population in both green houses was low in the first three
to four months (November to January/February). After
January/February, thrips population in the biological control
green house (BCGH) was lower than the conventional
insecticide green house (CIGH). On the hand, white fly
population was higher in BCGH than the CIGH throughout the
experimental period. The predatory mite as measured by the
proportion of plants having the predator was low initially
(November through January) which later increased with time.
On the other hand, the parasitoid was almost nil throughout
the experimental period. Overall lower thrips number in BCGH
than in CIGH and the presence of A. swirski in good
number later in the season suggest the need and importance
of considering A. swirski as an integral component of
thrips management in herbs. Its use, however, entails use of
effective biocontrol agents or Integrated Pest Management
compatible products against the concurrently occurring white
flies. Eretmocerus ermicus establishment was very poor
and hence its influence on the pests. |
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Title: |
Size structure and reproductive phenology of the Suckermouth
sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (weber
1991) from Marikina River, Philippines |
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Author (s): |
Joycelyn
C. Jumawan, Annabelle Aliga Herrera, Jess H. Jumawan and
Benjamin Vallejo Jr |
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Abstract: |
The length-weight
relationships (LWR), sex ratio and gonado-somatic index (GSI)
of the suckermouth sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys
disjunctivus caught in 2010-2011 from Marikina River,
Philippines was reported to provide information essential
for management of this invasive species in non-native
ranges. Pooled LWRs for males and females was expressed by
Log W= 0.1396 (LS) 2.74 (r2=0.975),
suggesting negative allometric growth. Gonadosomatic index
show a peak in reproduction during the rainy months
(June-August). Sex ratio did not deviate from the 1:1 ratio,
although females were more numerous during the spawning
season. Males dominated the larger size classes (41-45 cm
SL). Females are highly fecund and are spawning capable even
at smaller sizes compared to its congeners. |
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Title: |
Microbiological quality of raw milk produced and distributed
in Khartoum State, Sudan |
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Author (s): |
Siham A.
Rahamtalla, Nahla A. H. Elsheikh and Mohamed O. M. Abdalla |
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Abstract: |
This study was carried out to assess the microbiological
quality of raw milk collected from distribution channels in
Khartoum State, Sudan. A total of 150 samples were collected
from small dairy farms, pick-up trucks and venders on
donkeys’ cart and transported to the laboratory at ≤4°C for
total viable bacteria (TVB), Staphylococcus aureus,
coliform bacteria and yeasts and moulds counts
determination. The results showed that the number of TVB,
coliform bacteria and S. aureus counts were
higher in samples collected from Omdurman town (Log 9.29 ±
0.66, Log 7.11 ± 0.07 and Log 7.08 ± 0.54 cfu/ml
respectively), while the highest yeasts and moulds count was
in samples collected from Khartoum North (Log 7.07 ± 0.60
cfu/ml). According to the distribution channels, the
highest TVB, coliform bacteria, S. aureus and yeasts
and moulds counts were in samples collected from pick-up
trucks (Log 9.22 ± 0.64, Log 7.21 ± 0.25, Log 7.37 ± 0.57
and Log 7.17 ± 0.17 cfu/ml, respectively). In Omdurman
town, the highest TVB count was in samples collected from
pick-up trucks (Log 9.82 ± 0.16 cfu/ml), the highest
coliform bacteria and S. aureus counts were in
samples collected from venders on donkey cart (Log 7.24 ±
0.23 and Log 7.34 ± 0.23 cfu/ml respectively), while the
highest yeasts and moulds count was in samples collected
from pick-up trucks and venders on donkey cart (Log 7.23 ±
0.19 and Log 7.23 ± 0.23 cfu/ml respectively). In Khartoum
North, the highest TVB, colifrom bacteria and S. aureus
counts were in samples collected from pick-up trucks (Log
8.61 ± 0.46, Log 7.19 ± 0.28 and Log 7.52 ± 0.53 cfu/ml
respectively), while the highest yeasts and mould count was
in samples collected from farms (Log 7.44 ± 0.30 cfu/ml).
The result indicated poor bacteriological quality of raw
milk samples from the three marketing distribution channels
in two locations and there is an urgent need to implement
good hygiene practices from farm through marketing channel
to the consumer. |
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Title: |
Effect of supplementary feeding of Azolla on growth
performance of broiler rabbits |
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Author (s): |
Anitha K. C., Y. B.
Rajeshwari, T. M. Prabhu, M. Vivek Patil, J. Shilpa Shree and
P. K. Anupkumar |
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Abstract: |
The study was carried out to
search for alternatives to concentrates led us to a
wonderful plant Azolla, which holds the promise of providing
a sustainable feed for livestock. The objective of the study
is to study the effect of supplementary feeding sun dried
Azolla (Azollapinnata) on growth performance of
broiler rabbits. Thirty weaned
rabbits of 410-420g comparable body weights were selected
and were divided into three groups (T1, T2
and T3), so that each group comprised of
ten rabbits (six males and four females). T1 served as
control, T2 contain 1.5 per cent of dried Azolla (30 per
cent of fresh Azolla), T3 contain 3.0 per cent of dried
Azolla (60 per cent of fresh Azolla) and animals were housed
in individual cages. The results revealed
non-significant body weight gains in all the treatment
groups. The results indicated that the rabbits of control
group had significantly higher feed efficiency in T1 (5.30)
compared to T2 (6.00) and T3 (6.03) groups. Therefore, might
be suggested that the feeding of Azolla in dried form
resulted in non-significant difference in the performance of
rabbits. However, further studies on digestibility were
necessary to study the proper utilization of Azolla. |
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Title: |
Stochastic simulation of different breeding scenarios of
open nucleus strategy for genetic improvement of Iranian
native buffaloes |
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Author (s): |
Morteza
Salehinezhad, Ghobad Asgari Jafarabadi and AliAsghar Sadeghi |
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Abstract: |
A stochastic simulation model
of an open nucleus scheme was used to study the consequences
of the different scenarios of open nucleus breeding strategy
based on Iranian buffalo population’s parameters and
structure which were provided by Livestock Breeding Center
of Iran from years 2003 to 2010. Traits of milk production
(MP) milk fat production (MF), age at first calving (AFC)
and interval between first and second calving (CI) were
selected. The genetic gain was calculated for 10
generations. For animals in the base population a vector of
breeding values (bvi) were calculated. After genetic evaluation of
base population, selection of the parents were made. Superior males and females
were selected as nucleus animals under given criterions.
Dimension of nucleus was three times bigger than herd sizes. The highest value for
aggregate genotype (H) was represented in scenario 18 by value of
3332.174±41.023. Also, cumulative genetic gain in open nucleus after 10 generations
of selection in scenario 18 were 5798.056±72.134 kg,
7.993±0.694 kg, -3.711±0.359
months and -3.730±0.885
days for milk yield,
milk fat, AFC and CI, respectively. Trend of Genetic gains
were increasing and positive for productive traits including
milk yield and milk fat in all of scenarios in open nucleus
strategies across ten generations. Conversely, for traits
of age at first calving (AFC) and interval between first and
second calving (CI) genetic trends were decreasing and
negative because of their negative economic values. Also
average inbreeding coefficient of each scenario was
ascending across generations and its value was between 0.049±0.05
to 0.111±0.012.
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Title: |
Early generation testing for specific
combining ability and heterotic effects in maize variety
Sarhad white |
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Author (s): |
Liaqat
Shah, Hidayat ur Rahman, Asif Ali, Kashif Ali Shah1, Hongqi
Si, Wang Sheng Xing and Cao Xue Lian |
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Abstract: |
Specific combining ability and heterotic effects for grain yield, flowering and
morphological traits in maize variety Sarhad white analysed
through Line x Tester mating design using 25 S2 lines and
two testers during kharif and rabi crop seasons of 2008-09.
Observations were recorded on days to 50% flowering, plant
height, ear height and grain yield. Among 50 evaluated
testcrosses viz., 173 x Jalal, 192-1 x Jalal, 231-1 x Jalal,
237-1 x Jalal, 46-1 x Kiramat, 65-1 x Kiramat, 91-3 x
Kiramat, 119-1 x Kiramat, 126-1 x Kiramat, and 195-1 x
Kiramat, were identified as good specific combiners for
grain yield. These hybrids could be utilized in maize
heterosis breeding to exploit hybrid vigor. Significant
negative heterosis over mid parent of flowering traits was
exhibited for TC- 12-2, TC- 77-2, TC- 79-2, TC- 91-3, TC-
119-1, TC- 122-2, 126-1 and TC- 231-1. Maximum mid parent
heterosis was detected for Kiramat crossed with SW 128-1 and
SW-197-2 for plant height and ear height, respectively.
Significant positive heterosis over mid parent of grain
yield was found for TC- 12-2, TC- 77-2, TC- 151-1, TC- 220-1
and TC- 222-1. Significant negative heterosis over better
parent of flowering traits was exhibited for all the
testcrosses. Better parent heterosis for plant height ranged
from -1.63 to 46.00%, while for ear height better parent
heterosis varied from -20.53 to 14.21%. Significant positive
heterosis over better parent of grain yield was showed for
most of the testcrosses. Thus these crosses possess high
heterosis which could be exploited commercially for higher
yield in maize. |
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