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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science March 2012 | Vol. 7 No. 3 |
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Title: |
Evaluation and determination of the best time of priming and
priming solution levels for germination indexes of Trigonella foenum gracum
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Author (s): |
Ebrahim
Azarpour
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Abstract: |
Optimal germination and plant establishment
is an important problem for agricultural productivity in
arid and semi-arid areas. Priming is an approach for
increasing plant establishment in undesirable conditions. An
experiment as factorial in RCBD with three replications was
conducted during 2011 at Research Laboratory of Faculty of
Agriculture, Lahijan University in Iran. Factors were time
of priming (T1= 12 and T2= 24 hours)
and priming Solution levels (S1= water, S2=
250 mg/l humic acid, T3= 500 mg/l humic acid, T4=
250 mg/l vermiwash, T5= 500 mg/l vermiwash). The
results showed that time of priming only on plumule dry
weight had a significant difference in 5 % probability
level. The results showed that priming Solution levels
treatment significantly affected all of germination indexes
except radicle dry weight to plumule dry weight ratio. |
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Title: |
Modeling
volume from stump diameter of Terminalia ivorensis (A. chev)
in Sokponba forest reserve, Edo State, Nigeria |
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Author (s): |
Aigbe H.
I., Modugu W. W. and Oyebade B. A. |
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Abstract: |
This study is based on the relationship
between tree volumes (V) and stump diameter (Dst).
Empirical equations were developed for estimating tree
volumes of Terminalia ivorensis from stump diameters,
for determining relationship between volumes of
Terminalia ivorensis trees from stump diameter. The
purpose is to develop a model for Terminalia ivorensis
stands in Sokponba forest reserve and to adopt it for
sustainable forest management in many other forest reserves
in Nigeria. Eighteen temporary sample plots, each of size
20m x 20m (0.04ha) were randomly established and 196
Terminalia ivorensis trees were randomly selected from
each of the sample plots. A series of regression equations
were all fitted to the data generated and analyzed with the
aid of Genstat Computer system. The regression equations
were fitted for choosing the best model after critical
consideration of model diagnostic criteria such as the
coefficient of determination (R2), variance ratio
and overall standard error of the various equations. Out of
the several regression equations fitted, the non-linear
(quadratic) model of stump diameter was considered to be the
best. The equation is V= - 34.23 + 39.7509Dst - 6.5416D2st,
with R2 = 0.69, RMSE = 0.00992 and F - ratio =
85.875; indicating the significant status of the model for
predictive purpose. Residual analysis showed conformity with
the assumption of independence of errors in regression
analysis and that error is normally distributed. The result
of data validation between predicted and observed values
from a set of measurements from 48 trees using the paired
t-test showed no significant difference (P>0.05). The study
showed that stump diameter is appropriate for tree volume
estimation for Terminalia ivorensis for sustainable
forest management. |
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Title: |
Effect of
organic and inorganic fertilizers on phytoavailability of
phosphorus to water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica cv.
kankon) |
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Author (s): |
Mejbah
Uddin, Md. Abul Kashem and Khan Towhid Osman |
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Abstract: |
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate
the effect of cow manure, city waste, chicken manure and TSP
on the growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica cv.
Kankon) and the phytoavailability of phosphorous (P) in
soil. An air dried sandy loam soil was mixed with cow
manure, city waste, chicken manure and TSP at rates
equivalent to 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg P kg-1 soil
based on total P. The number of leaf, maximum height, and
dry weight of shoot and root of water spinach were
influenced by these amendments and their different
application rates. The highest leaf number,
maximum height, dry weight of shoot and root were obtained
with the cow manure treatment of 800 mg P kg-1
and lowest with the control (T0). Among the amendments, TSP
produced the least dry matter yield. Like dry matter yield,
P concentration in the plant parts increased with increasing
rates of P from different amendments. Phosphorus
concentration in the shoots and in the roots of control
plants were 1, 188 and 1, 171 mg kg-1,
respectively. At the highest rate (800 mg P kg-1)
of P application, P concentrations in the shoots were 4,
894, 3, 815, 5, 528 and 6, 179 mg kg-1
in the cow manure, city waste, chicken manure and TSP
fertilizer treatments, respectively, while in the roots, the
corresponding values were 3, 704, 4, 397, 4, 716 and 4, 926
mg kg-1. After the plant harvest, Olsen P of the
soil was measured. Irrespective of amendments, Olsen P
increased with P application rates. The extractability of P
from different amendments was in the order: TSP > cow manure
> chicken manure > city waste. Olsen P of soil showed very
strong positive correlation with both shoot P (r =0.718,
p = 0.000) and root P concentration (r =0.548, p
= 0.000) of water spinach that indicate suitability of Olsen
P to predict plant available P. These results imply that cow
manure could be recommended to use in the agricultural field
for producing optimum yield when no additional chemical
fertilizers are applied. |
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Title: |
Provenance variations in Chrysophyllum albidum (G. Don) from
six localities in Rivers State, Nigeria |
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Author (s): |
Oyebade
B. A., Ekeke B. A. and Aigbe H. I. |
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Abstract: |
The effects of seed sources on
early growth of Chrysophyllum albidum (G. Don) was
evaluated from six localities in Rivers State of Nigeria.
Forty (40) seedlings from each location were transplanted
into standard size (12 x 5 x 5cm) polythene bags filled with
topsoil, and early growth variables of seedlings height,
collar diameter, leaf number and leaf area with mortality
and germination rates estimated at the interval of two weeks
for a period of twelve weeks after sowing (WAS). There were
significant variations (P<0.05) in all the evaluated growth
variables across the locations with increases in time of
sowing. Seed source from Bori had the highest germination
percentage (53 %) and less mortality rate (47 %). Seeds from
this location also show the highest resistance to collar
disease and therefore were regarded as the most promising
provenance. However, genetic studies for tree improvement
are recommended for further investigation. |
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Title: |
Evaluation energy balance and energy indices of barley
production under watered farming in north of Iran |
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Author (s): |
Ebrahim Azarpour |
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Abstract: |
One way to evaluation of sustainable
developing in agriculture is using of energy flow method.
This method in an agricultural product system is the energy
consuming in product operations and energy saving in
produced crops. In this article, evaluation of energy
balance and energy indices under watered farming barley in
north of Iran (Guilan province) was investigated. Data were
collected from 72 farms by used a face to face questionnaire
method during 2011 year in Guilan province. By using of
consumed data as inputs and total production as output, and
their concern equivalent energy, energy balance and energy
indices were calculated. Energy efficiency (energy output to
input energy ratio) for seed and straw in this study were
calculated 2.70 and 2.89 respectively. Also, energy balance
efficiency (production energy to consumption energy ratio)
for seed and straw in this study were calculated 1.79 and
1.38 respectively, showing the affective use of energy in
the agro ecosystems barley production. |
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Title: |
Effect of
irrigation with urban sewage and aqueduct water on heavy
metals accumulation and nutritional value of bean (Phaseolus
vulgaris L.) |
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Author (s): |
Gholamali
Akbari, Mandana Dadresan and Fardin Khazaei |
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Abstract: |
This
research was conducted to study heavy metals assembling and
nutritional value of bean in three areas of Tehran’s south
in 2007 on the base of a completely randomized block design
in the form of split plot with 3 replications. The main
factor in three levels was included sewage canals in
SALEHABAD, TALEBABAD and DEHKHEIR areas; sub factor in two
levels was involved sewage and aqueduct water (control). Use
of TALEBABAD’s sewage increased heavy metals assembling in
bean’s different parts especially in root compared to
sewages (SALEHABAD and DEHKHEIR). Because of non standard
heavy metals ratio, use of this sewage was not proper and
had problem for human and domesticated animal feeding. In
three areas, irrigation with sewage in comparison with
aqueduct water had no high effect on heavy metals except of
Fe and Cr. In bean’s pod and seed, only Fe and Cr were
higher than standard limit and most of the other metals
accumulated like aqueduct water. Heavy metals assembling in
bean’s root and leaves were almost high, but high control of
bean’s pod and seed caused that transported heavy metals
ratio to grain became much less than quantities of them in
root and leaves. So, in respect of heavy metals assembling,
use of bean’s green pod and grain will not resulted in
problem. |
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Title: |
Particle
size evaluation of feed ingredient produced in the Kumasi
metropolis, Ghana |
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Author (s): |
A. Addo,
A. Bart-Plange and J. O. Akowuah |
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Abstract: |
The objective of this study was to evaluate
the particle size of ground maize for poultry feed
formulation in the Kumasi metropolis in Ghana. A survey of 2
commercial and 7 on-farm feed mills was conducted and a
questionnaire regarding the operation of the mills was
completed. Samples of ground maize were taken from each mill
for particle size analysis. The geometric mean diameter (GMD)
of the particles ranged from 628±1.93 to 1450±2.25 μm. The
results showed that only one mill produced ground maize with
particle size within the recommended range. From this study,
it can be concluded that the
particle
size of ground maize for feed formulation in the metropolis
was coarser than recommended for poultry. |
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Title: |
Micro-finance scenario of eastern part of India under SGSY |
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Author (s): |
Gobinda
Mula, S. C. Sarker, Patra Sarathi Patra and Asutosh Sarkar |
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Abstract: |
Microfinance in group approach (SHGs) has
become one of the key instruments to reduce poverty and
empowering rural poor particularly rural women by shifting
them from debt-trap of informal credit sources to formal
credit system. Of late, after launching, Microfinance under
SGSY flourished very quickly in all parts of the country.
The study attempted to examine the growth and promotion of
SHGs and performance of financial institution in
microfinance in Cooch Behar District. The study revealed
that district took the 2nd position in credit
linkage in spite of being slower physical growth of SHGs (7th
position) in the state. The investigation also revealed a
skewed growth of SHGs in the different stages of promotion
among the different blocks. Although the overall rate of
credit linkage was observed more than 80% over 1st
graded SHGs, but the rate of linking with project was only
5.46 % and promotional rate to 2nd grading over 1st
grading was found only 27.58 %. But, more than 95 % of PLGs
were women SHGs indicated that empowerment of women was
highly valued. As far as banking aspects, only one RRB (UBKGB)
and two commercial banks (CBI, SBI) took leading role in
growth and promotion of SHGs through Microfinance. Further,
although the rate of credit linkage to SHGs in most of the
banks was found more than75% but their performance in
promotion of SHGs to entrepreneurship level, credit
disbursement and thereby recovery of credit was too
impressive to boost the rural development. |
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Title: |
Research
concerning the influence of some supplements (spirulina and
spirulina with sea buckthorn extract) on quantitative
parameters of cocoon in silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) |
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Author (s): |
B. Vlaic,
L. Al. Mărghitaş, D. Dezmirean, A. Vlaic, M. Bentea and
Alexandra Matei |
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Abstract: |
The goal of our research is to organize an
experiment with 3 variants of silkworms. The biological
material was represented by a single silkworm breed: Baneasa
75 (B75), in order to obtain the best genetic uniformity.
Only environmental conditions (feeding) were different. This
research presents the influence of 2 supplements on
quantitative cocoon characters.
Spirulina (S) and spirulina with sea buckthorn extract (SB)
capsules provided frome S.C Hofigal Export-Import S.A.
Spirulina (S) is a rich source of proteins, contains a wide
range of aminoacids, fatty acids, vitamins (biotin,
tocopherol, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid,
pyrodozoic acid, beta-carotene and vitamin B12), vegetal
hormones, enzymes, microelements, biological pigments. Sea
Buckthorn (SB) extract is a very rich source of vitamins
(vitamins A, E, C, P, carotenoids and B complex),
microelemnts (phosporus, calcium, magnesium, potasium) and
fatty acids. Regarding raw cocoon weight
we can observe that the mean values of the variant treated
with spirulina (S) (1.836 g) are higher than the control (1,
685 g). The mean values of shell weight (0, 395 g) are
higher than the control (0,387) in the variants feded with
mulberry leafs treated with S. Regarding pupal weight the
highest mean value was obtained by the variants feded with
mulberry leafs treated with S. |
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Title: |
The
effect of BAP and the level of aging stem on the growth of
pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) stem cutting |
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Author (s): |
Fitriana
Nasution and Sri Hadiati |
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Abstract: |
A Research
to find out the
effect of
BAP
and the
level of
aging
stem on the
growth of
pineapple
(Ananas
comosus
(L) Merr.)
stem
cutting.
It was
conducted from
March to
June 2009,
at
Indonesian
Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI),
Solok,
West
Sumatera.
The experiment was arranged in factorial randomized block
design with 5 replications. Two treatments applied were BAP
(0;
100;
300; 500 ppm)
and the level of aging stem (young stem; old stem). The
Pieces of the stems was soaked into BAP solution in
accordance with the treatment for 3 minutes and then dried.
Based on the results of observation, it was found that all
treatments have not significantly effect to all parameters.
From the
observation
is also
known that
every
stem cutting
has the
ability
to
produce
shoots.
Probably cutting requires longer time soaking BAP (> 3
minutes). |
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Title: |
Dry
matter yield and nutrient uptake of cashew seedlings as
influenced by arbuscular mychorrhizal inoculation, organic
and inorganic fertilizers in two soils in Nigeria |
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Author (s): |
Ibiremo
O. S., Ogunlade M. O., Oyetunji O. J and Adewale B. D. |
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Abstract: |
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale
Linn) is an important commodity crop that is grown
principally for its nuts in many eco-zones in Nigeria.
Cashew productivity as a result of its wide adaptation has
been greatly limited by poor soil fertility, pests and
diseases etc. Hence, this study assessed the influence of
organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and Arbuscular
mychorrhizal (AM) inoculation on the dry matter yield and
nutrient uptake of cashew seedlings in two soils in Nigeria.
The three factors investigated were organic fertilizer made
from ground cocoa pod husk (CPH) applied at two levels (0
and 2.5t/ha), three sources of phosphate fertilizers (Single
super phosphate - SSP, Sokoto rock phosphate - SRP and a
control) and two levels of AM fungi inoculation (with and
without). Each of the phosphate fertilizers (SSP and SRP)
was applied at 11 Kg P2O5/ha while 20g
of AM fungus was used to inoculate the cashew seedlings
designated for the purpose. Cashew nuts were planted into
5kg top soil (0-30cm) obtained from the two sites. The trial
was conducted in the greenhouse using completely randomized
design and four replicates. Dry matter yield and nutrient
uptake were assessed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and
correlation analysis. The results indicated that SSP
significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the accumulation of dry
matter in Uhonmora soil compared to the control while in
Ibadan soil phosphate fertilizers did not significantly
affect the dry matter yield of cashew seedlings. The total N
uptake of cashew seedlings increased by 25.5 % and 43.9 % as
a result application of SSP and SRP respectively compared to
the control in Ibadan soil while in Uhonmora soil, shoot N,
P, K, Ca and Mg uptake by cashew seedlings were positively
and significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) as a result of
phosphate fertilizer application compared to the control.
The shoot P and K uptakes were significantly (P < 0.05)
enhanced by SRP application compared to the control in
Ibadan soil. AMF inoculation and organic fertilizer did not
affect cashew seedlings dry matter and nutrient uptake
within the study period. Organic fertilizer application
significantly (P < 0.05) improved the pH of Ibadan soil. The
available phosphorus of Uhonmora soil was significantly (P <
0.05) increased as a result of organic fertilizer
application by 11.7 % compared to the control. In Uhonmora
soil, the addition of phosphate fertilizers significantly (P
< 0.05) increased the accumulation of inorganic P above the
control but the reverse is the case for organic P where the
application of phosphate fertilizers significantly (P <
0.05) decreased its accumulation. SRP had a comparable
influence with SSP particularly under AM inoculation on
cashew seedling growth performance in the two soils. |
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Title: |
Studies
on animal grazing preference and socio-economic impacts of
animals on human population |
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Author (s): |
Allah
Bakhsh Gulshan and Altaf Ahmad Dasti |
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Abstract: |
Various animal species have their own
preference to graze the variety of plant species. A study
was reported first time about grazing behavior of different
animals in the regions of Thal and Cholistan deserts Punjab
Pakistan. Survey and information regarding animal grazing
preference were collected from inhabitants of the area. 300
people were interviewed, who had the different herds of
animals such as Cows, Buffaloes, goats and sheep. From the
knowledge of informants, 39 species of wild plants were
frequently grazed in the area. The level of grazing pressure
was found in the order of, herbs and grasses> shrubs and
under shrubs> trees by the different categories of animals.
Most dominant family was poaceae comprising 9 grass species
in both the localities and almost highly palatable for
animals. In addition, there were also observed the
socio-economic impacts of animals on human population of the
study area. |
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