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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
March 2014 | Vol. 9 No. 3 |
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Title: |
Variation
of soil, water quality and impacts on biodiversity in xuan
thuy ramsar site |
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Author (s): |
Tran Thi Kim Tinh,
Nguyen Xuan Hai,
Pham Van Quang
and Nguyen Thi Yen |
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Abstract: |
Soil and water quality are important
environmental condition for biodiversity development in Xuan
Thuy Ramsar site. This research is carry out in order to
assess the variation of some parameters of soil and water
quality and its impacts on biodiversity, especially flora in
there. Investigating and survey methods and samples
analysing are implement to meet with purposes of research
during 3 years (period 2011-2013). The result of research
showed that the water quality in two main rivers (Tra and
Vop rivers) had a freshening trend for the duration of the
study, beginning with 1.53% in 2011 the average salinity
fell ti 0.78% and 0.35% in 2012 and 2013 respectively.
Biological decomposition of organic matters and
eutrophication phenomena increased remarkably in these years
(average DO in 2011 was 8.03mgO2.L-1,
decreased to 4.59mgO2.L-1 in 2013;
while average COD increased 191.22% by 2011 and average BOD
increased 248.56% by 2011). The negatively changing
environment has significant impacts on floating flora and
fauna cause the variation of area and number of species in
mangrove ecosystem as well as the biodiversity of Ramsar
site. The study results will be the important baseline and
helpful to develop solutions on sustainable management for
Xuan Thuy Ramsar site. |
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Title: |
Preparation of fungal inoculum for leaf litter composting
from selected fungi |
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Author (s): |
Bambang
Irawan, Rina Sri Kasiamdari, Bambang Hendro Sunarminto
and Endang Sutariningsih |
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Abstract: |
Fungi are
the major degraders of organic matter in natural
environments, and almost every naturally occurring organic
compound can be degraded by one fungus or another. An
enormous range of organic compounds can be utilized by
fungi, especially the major organic compounds such as
cellulose, xylan and lignin. The aim of the research was to
provide fungal inoculum of selected fungi as a Composting
Starter Kit (CSK) to increase decomposition process of leaf
litter. The fungi were isolated from decomposing leaf litter
and selected based on qualitative measurement of cellulase,
xylanase and ligninase activity. The result showed that
there were 5 cellulolytic, 6 xylanolytic, and 2 ligninolytic
isolates potentially used as inocula for leaf litter
composting. Based on a halo test indicated that isolates Shj,
Lht, and Lpt1 had the highest ratio for cellulase, xylan and
lignin activity respectively. Inoculum of those three
isolates were developed on sorghum seeds and were able to
produce spores of Shj= 1.5 X 109, Lht= 9.3 X 107 and
Lpt1=4.2 X 109 spores/ml. The viability test for inoculum
showed the number of colonies of Shj= 9.6 X 109, Lht= 5.6 X
108 and Lpt1= 8.2 X 106 CFUs. In conclusion, development of
fungal inoculum is possibly prepared using sorghum grains
inoculated with selected fungi. |
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Title: |
Evaluate
the cause of flooding of upper Mun river in Nakhon
Ratchasima |
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Author (s): |
Prayong
Keeratiurai |
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Abstract: |
This work
was a study to find the causes of flooding in the economic
areas of Nakhon Ratchasima province which area is the one of
the northeastern plateau of Thailand. This study analyzed
the amount of rainfall and runoff, which is rain gauge
stations, 20 stations. The causes of flooding were the
actual rainfall is higher than the amount of water quite
predictable. Capabilities of the drainage of canal were not
sufficient to accommodate the amount of great flood from the
north to the downstream, which flowed through downtown and
the community. The size of the structures that were made by
people in communities such as check dam, were not
standardized enough to drain the floods in the quantity and
at the appropriate moment. The Nakhon Ratchasima city
Municipality has grown and expanded continuously to enhance
the community that it made the invaded the area of the canal
which it caused the performance of drainage of Lamtakong
lower and Lam Boribun decreased. System of water storage and
system of slowing of great flood in the watershed before it
flowed into the city and the community were not enough. The
drainage of the Lamtakong dam was not relative to the water
demand by the seasons. Manages absences for ability receive
water of the canal to accommodate the drainage of the dam
such as maintenance, and removal of garbage and weeding in
the canal. The canal was made to shallow from the
accumulation of sludge and soil sediment. Construction of
residential encroachment into the canal caused the
cross-sectional area of drainage decreased. |
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Title: |
Phytoremediatory potential of guava and ashok tree at three
different sites of bareilly district-a case study |
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Author (s): |
Nooris Naqvi, Taqi Ahmed
Khan, Mohd Mazid,
Fiza Khan, Saima Quddusi, Rajib
Roychowdhury and
D.K. Saxena |
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Abstract: |
Technologies can be generally
classified as in situ or ex situ. Treatment of the
contaminated material at the site called in situ, while ex
situ involves the removal of the contaminated materials to
be elsewhere. Some examples of bioremediation related
technologies are rhizofiltration, phytoremediation,
bioleaching, bioreactor, composting, land farming,
bioventing and bio-stimulation. Phytoremediation involves
the removal pollutants from the environment with the help of
plants. The evolution of physiological and molecular
mechanism of phytoremediation developed biological
strategies to improve the performance of both phyto-stabilization
and heavy metal phyto-extraction. Over the past 20 years,
this technology has become popular and has been employed at
sites with soils contaminated with lead, cupper, uranium,
and arsenic. |
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Title: |
Soils
development on a toposequence on loessial deposit in
northern guinea savanna, Nigeria |
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Author (s): |
Maniyunda L.M. and Gwari M.G. |
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Abstract: |
The morphological, physical and chemical
properties of soils developed on loessial deposit in Funtua,
Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria were examined and the
influence of toposequence on their properties, pedogenesis
and classification were evaluated. The study showed that
landscape position, erosion and drainage significantly
influenced variation in soil properties across the
toposequence. Silt particle dominated particle size
distribution, except on crest position (LS 1). Clay
distribution significantly influenced variation in content
of AWHC, exchangeable bases and CEC (r = 0.600**, 0.539**
and 0.763** respectively). Pedogenesis resulted in silt,
clay, AWHC and CEC enrichment at lower slope positions (LS 4
and LS 5) and sand was highest in pedon LS 1. The soils were
generally low to medium in exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K and
Na) and low to high for CEC. All the soils were low in
organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus.
Toposequence affected variation of soil types with their
classification as Kanhaplic Haplustalfs for soils on crest
to lower slope and soil on bottom slope as Typic Haplustult
according to USDA Soil Taxonomy. The soils were classified
as Haplic Acrisols and Haplic Alisol respectively according
to World Reference Base 2006. |
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Title: |
Functional and numerical response of paederus fuscipes
curtis against nilaparvata lugens stall and their spatial
distribution in the rice fields |
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Author (s): |
F. X.
Wagiman, Bogen Tamba and Ismi Rinarti |
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Abstract: |
Laboratory experiment and
field survey revealed that the rove beetle Paederus
fuscipes was an aggressive predator of the rice brown
plant hopper (RBPH) Nilaparvata lugens and to be
found at nursery up to vegetative and generative stages in
rice fields in Java, Indonesia. As the promising candidate
of biological control agent, the rove beetle showed several
criteria of desired predator attributes. Functional response
of P. fuscipes against the RBPH fitted with Type II
of Holling, it indicated to cause maximum mortality at low
prey density. The expected maximum feeding rates on the RBPH
was 16.39 while the actual one was
5.46 individuals/24 hours. Positive and strong coefficient
correlation, r = 0.844985,
on numerical response of P. fuscipes against
the RBPH indicated the density-dependent relationship of the
predator and prey. Both of P. fuscipes and the RBPH
exhibited clumped spatial-distribution-pattern.
Since paederin causes dermatitis hence an extra careful must
be taken into account in handling the rove beetle for
controlling pest insects. |
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