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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
March 2015 | Vol. 10 No. 3 |
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Title: |
A
research about microwave effects on the weed plants |
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Author (s): |
Hasan
Sahin and Ramazan Saglam |
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Abstract: |
This study aims to investigate and detect the
germination (through the usage of microwave) inhibition
level of the weed seeds that cause significant production
losses in agricultural areas. Cress and arugula seeds were
used as weed seeds in research. Weed seeds which were
planted in equal depths (8-10 mm) into the soil-turf
compound that was prepared to investigate the effects of
microwave energy on the weed seeds’ germination were exposed
to microwave for 126 s, 70 s and 50 s in the conveyor belt
developed specifically for this study. Microwave tunnel is
composed from a conveyor belt with the capability of being
adjusted to four different speeds and that has a 2800 W
output power consisting of four magnetrons each with 1 kW.
To detect the effects of microwave on the germination of
weed seeds, samples not exposed to microwave were also
germinated and the results were compared. In this phase of
the study, the temperature that the soil reached during the
microwave radiation process was measured for each pot and
then recorded. After the microwave application, the
germination states of the samples irrigated through certain
intervals were observed on the basis that it would be kept
in the incubator under temperatures of 23-25 ºC and moisture
by 75-80%. According to the results, an inhibition close to
100% was detected in the germination of weed seeds exposed
to microwave for 126 seconds. Also, the cress seeds to which
microwave had been applied for 50 seconds showed an
germination ratio of 96%, whereas the non-exposed cress
seeds had a germination ratio of 65%, which is really
interesting. This situation was commented that the thermal
effect of microwave had increased the germination ratio and
germination speed of seeds. |
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Title: |
An
extremely compact high ratio continuously variable power
transmission for small hybrid tractors |
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Author (s): |
Luca
Piancastelli, Leonardo Frizziero and Giacomo Bertozzi |
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Abstract: |
The planetary gear hybrid powertrain (PGHP)
is known as one of the most compact speed reduction system.
The PGHP introduced in this paper varies continuously the
reduction ratio by using an additional external, speed
controlled, power source to the traditional thermal engine.
A continuous variable transmission (CVT) can be obtained in
this way. An extremely large variation of the reduction
ratio can be obtained even by a single stage planetary
gearing. An example of a 2 wheel drive (2WD) tractor is
introduced herein along with all the calculation necessary
for the dimensioning of the gearing system. The efficiency
of this system is extremely high since the motor power is
added to the engine one. |
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Title: |
Plasmid
mediated methicillin and vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from northern
India |
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Author (s): |
Kalpana
Chaudhari and Harish Kumar Bajaj |
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Abstract: |
A study was conducted to determine plasmid
mediated methicillin and vancomycin resistant
Staphylococcus aureus along with plasmid profiling and
detection of vancomycin resistance genes. This study was
carried out in the Department of Microbiology and
Fermentation Technology, Sam Higginbottom Institute of
Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India. The
molecular detection of gene was completed in Molecular
Diagnostic Research Laboratory, Chandigarh. The clinical
specimen was collected from two tertiary care hospitals of
Allahabad from September 2012 to May 2013. Altogether 59
S. aureus isolates were isolated among which 20 MRSA
were screened. Acridine orange in concentration of 0.1mg/ml
was used for plasmid curing. Plasmid cured VRSA isolates
were subjected to plasmid profiling by agarose gel
electrophoresis followed by detection of vanA and vanH gene.
In vitro plasmid curing of 20 methicilin resistant, one
vancomycin intermediate (MIC: 8µg/ml) and three vancomycin
resistant (MIC: 16-32µg/ml) strains removed resistance
markers from eight MRSA and two VRSA isolates, respectively.
Vancomycin resistance plasmid was successfully transferred
to MSSA. Plasmid borne vancomycin resistant strains
harboured 23kbp plasmid. Vancomycin resistance vanA and vanH
gene was identified on molecular basis. It was concluded
that plasmid mediated methicillin resistance exists less
frequently but in case of VRSA, Both the mechanisms of
thickening cell wall and plasmid acquisition imposed equal
impact on emergence of VRSA. |
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Title: |
Vegetation analysis and community structure of mangroves in
Alabel and Maasim Sarangani province, Philippines |
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Author (s): |
Ella Mae C. Natividad,
Vivian S. Hingabay, Harold B. Lipae, Elani A. Requieron,
April Joy Abalunan, Paolo M.
Tagaloguin, Remedios S. Flamiano, Joycelyn C. Jumawan and
Jess H. Jumawan |
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Abstract: |
A study was conducted in order to establish
and describe the mangrove community and vegetation of the
mangrove forest in Alabel and Maasim, Sarangani province. It
was evident that the studies for mangrove vegetation were
really few in Sarangani bay. Thus, this study will serve as
baseline information. Sampling plots (10m x 10m) were
established into sea ward, middle ward and landward.
Individual plants found within the plot were identified and
counted. Mangrove vegetation analyses were determined using
relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance and
importance value. Community structure was analysed using
multivariate analysis performing non-metric
multi-dimensional scaling (nMDS), cluster analysis and one
way ANOSIM. Mangrove communities in Alabel and Maasim,
Sarangani province have identified 12 species; A. marina, L. racemosa, P. acidula, A. floridum, X. granatum, B.
gymnorrhiza, B. cylindrical, C. decandra, C. tagal, R.
apiculata, R. mucronat and S. alba out of 39 true mangroves
reported in the Philippines. Vegetation analysis in Alabel
showed that species with the highest importance value was A.
marina (84.72%) and S. alba (158.72%) in Maasim sampling
site. Cluster analysis showed moderate similarity among
plots observed from the same site than plots from different
sites. All the 21 sampling plots in Alabel and 20 in
Maasim were clustered based on similarities and formed into 3
groups with 40% similarity. Data ordination in nMDS revealed
that characteristic similarity of same sites was analogous
with ANOSIM of (R=0.317, P=0.001) but very minimal similar
characteristics were observed in Alabel sampling plots to
Maasim sampling plots. Results shows A. marina and S. alba
as species with highest importance value with mangrove
structure showing no distinct characteristics on the two
sites. |
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Title: |
The
effects of tomato pulp powder supplementation on performance
and some blood parameters in Japanese quail (coturnix
japonica) |
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Author (s): |
Hossein Jouzi, Nasrollah Vali and Javad
Pourreza |
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Abstract: |
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the
effects of feeding tomato pulp powder on performance and
some blood parameters of Japanese quail. A total of 180 one
day old quail chicks with an average weight of 18.50 g were
divided into five treatments with 3 replicates. The
treatments were divided as basal diet with no tomato pulp
powder kept as control, and for others 2% (T1), 4% (T2), 6%
(T3) and 8% (T4) of tomato pulp powder were used, respectively. The live body weight gains and feed
consumption of birds were measured individually feed
conversion efficiency were calculated weekly. At the end of
the trial for investigating the effect of using tomato
powder supplementation on performance of quails, two birds
from each replicates were slaughtered and some blood samples
were taken for blood parameters determination. Data showed
that using of tomato pulp powder didn’t increased feed
intake (FI) in comparison to control groups. Also body
weight BW (g/d) and Pre-slaughter weigh (g) were higher in
T2 than other experimental groups compared to the control.
There were significant differences (p<0.05) for feed
coefficient (FC) among treatments. Data showed that using of
tomato pulp powder could reduce wings, Breast, drumstick and
carcass yield (g) and also showed that triglyceride,
cholesterol, Zn, Cu and Fe level had decreased in the T1,
T2, and T3 except T4. There were significant differences
(p<0.05) for triglyceride and protein levels amount
treatments. Data from this study showed that dried tomato
pulp may be used as ingredient in quails ration up to level
of 4-6% without harming weight gain and feed conversion of
birds. |
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Title: |
Evaluation the meat composition and immunity parameters of
rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed by dietary oil
source, L-carnitine and ractopamine supplement |
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Author (s): |
Mojtaba Nazari Farsani,
Sayed Mohammad Ali Jalali, Mohesn Jafarian Dehkordi |
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Abstract: |
To study the effects of
dietary oil sources, L-carnitine and Ractopamine supplement
on the meat filet composition, hematological and
immunological parameter of rainbow trout, 288 fish (initial
body weight 90 ± 5 g) were fed by 8 dietary treatments as a
2×2×2 factorial experimental design. Dietary treatments
contained fish oil or soybean oil and two levels of L-Carnitine
(0 or 1 g.kg-1) and ractopamine (0 or 10 mg.kg-1) supplement
and fish fed for 8 week feeding trials. At the end of
experiment, fish filet composition (protein, fat and ash),
liver fat and hematological parameter (hematocrit, red blood
cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin, phagocytosis and etc,)
and also concentration of immunoglobulin M (Ig M) in blood
of fish were measured. Results showed that replacement of
fish oil by soybean oil significantly increased crud protein
percentage of fish filet, lipid content of liver and
hematocrit, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, phagocytosis
activity and phagocytosed particles in blood fish as
comparison of fish oil dietary treatment (p<0.05). Dietary
L-carnitine supplementation reduced heterophils and
phagocytosed particles but no change other hematological
parameter and filet fish composition (p<0.05). Ractopamine
supplement significantly reduced hematocrit, monocyte and Ig
M but increased phagocytosed particles (p<0.05) in blood
fish. Addition of L-carnitine plus ractopamine to soybean
oil diet reduced fat content of filet and increased it in
fish liver. Also addition of L-carnitine or ractopamine to
fish oil diet increased lymphocyte and reduced Ig M in fish
blood. Data of the present experiment showed that
immunological and hematological response of rainbow trout to
L-carnitine and ractopamine supplement were affected by
dietary oil sources. |
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