|
|
| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
April 2014 | Vol. 9 No. 4 |
|
Title: |
Wise use
approach of wetlands - case study in xuan thuy ramssar site |
|
Author (s): |
Tran Thi
Kim Tinh, Nguyen Chu Hoi and Nguyen Xuan Hai |
|
Abstract: |
Wetlands are formed from two important
components: “soil” and “water”, they are interactive and
assisting each other in order to maintain a wetland area.
Natural character of wetlands is different that they will
create the different habitats and value of wetlands. In
order to ensure the maintenance, sustainable development of
wetland values, wise use solution is recognizing that is
comprehensive method, which base on ecosystem approach to
maintain ecological character of wetlands. This solution is
encouraged to apply in conservation and management of
wetlands by the Ramsar Convention. According to Ramsar
Secretariat, Xuan Thuy Ramsar site is an international
important wetland that must have activities of wise use in
order to maintain the ecological character of Ramsar site,
especially habitat of valuable and rare migrated birds. This
research focuses on making clearly for scientific basic of
wetland wise use and suggest the specific solution on wise
use for Xuan Thuy Ramsar site that contribute to
conservation and sustainable development of wetland
resources for Ramsar site following to commitment of the
Convention member. The result of this research is useful for
Management Board of Xuan Thuy Ramsar site in order to
complete the management task on wetland in Ramsar site. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Metal
pollutants distribution within Lake Victoria basin and their
influence on the native and transient microbial flora |
|
Author (s): |
Mutuku
Christopher, Okemo Paul and Boga Hamadi |
|
Abstract: |
Heavy metal
concentrations in water and sediments in the rivers draining
into the Lake Victoria were determined in this study. The
metal levels were compared to the bacterial plate counts and
bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics assessed.
The samples were randomly collected from sewage outfalls and
points bordering heavy metal activity settlements. Heavy
metal analysis was done using Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectrometer (F-AAS). The samples were assayed for native
heterotrophic bacteria and coliforms. Sediment samples
recorded a higher level of heavy metals with a mean range of
31.97-109.9, lead; 3.48-183.66, zinc; 3.01-17.03, nickel;
1.93-214.61, copper; 17.01-65.91, cobalt; and 2.08-25.89
mg/g chromium compared to water samples whose mean range was
as follows;- lead; 0.77-0.94, manganese; 0.10-3.10, zinc;
0.23-1.16, cadmium 0.02-0.04, and copper 0.51-0.57 mg/l. The
study showed a significant relationship in the amounts of
heavy metals in water samples and the bacterial counts, r =
0.637, p < 0.05. 53.8% of the isolates showed multidrug
resistance. The study showed no significant difference in
multidrug resistance between the native heterotrophs and the
coliform bacteria (F =1.75 P = 0.191 P > 0.05). However,
multidrug resistance in heterotrophic bacteria (mean 46.52%)
was higher than in coliform bacteria (mean 36.36%). Plasmid
DNA finger print of the antibiotic resistant isolates showed
a positive relationship between the plasmids carried and
multidrug resistance. This could suggest that heavy metal
pollution in wetlands induces multidrug resistance. The
findings point to a potential health threat posed by heavy
metal pollution to human and other forms of life in the
aquatic ecosystems. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Combined
effect of edible coating and packaging materials on post
harvest storage life of plum fruits |
|
Author (s): |
Muhammad
Sohail, Shamsur Rehman Afridi, Rehman Ullah Khan, Farman
Ullah and Bibi Mehreen |
|
Abstract: |
An experiment was conducted to
investigate the effect of edible coating and different
packaging materials on the post harvest storage life of plum
fruits. The edible coating was comprised of [gum arabic (1%)
+ glycerine (2%)]. After applying the edible coating fruits
were stored in different packaging materials such as
polyethylene, newspaper, soft board carton, rice paper and
wooden crate. While one treatment was kept as control in an
open shelf of 48״ x 40״ neither edible coated nor packed.
The physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics such as
weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), decay index,
titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content and overall
sensory acceptability were determined at an interval of
three days up to the successful completion of the study (15
days). Statistical analysis showed that edible coating and
packaging materials have significant (P<0.05) effects on the
weight loss, decay index, acidity and over all acceptability
of the plum fruits during storage while non significant
results were obtained for ascorbic acid and TSS. The TSS
increased during storage but individual packaging had
non-significant effect on the TSS. Ascorbic acid decreased
from 5.76-4.77mg/100g during storage for all treatments
because of its oxidation during storage. Acidity percentage
was first decreased (2.31- 1.95 %) for nine days and then
increased (1.96-1.99 %). Similarly significant decrease was
observed in overall sensory acceptability (8.85-2.27), while
a significant increase was observed in decay index (0-33.92
%) and % weight loss (0-2.27) during storage. Results showed
that plum fruits stored in soft board carton with edible
coating were found to be most acceptable as per physico-chemical
and sensory analyses. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Gender
selection of forest product small enterprises in rivers and
Bayelsa state, Nigeria |
|
Author (s): |
Olaleye
S. M. and Oladele A. T. |
|
Abstract: |
Gender
role in forest products (FPs) is an over-looked perspective
to sustainable management. The essence is to compare
exhaustively the potentials of roles that can effectively
sustain the lives and the forest. This study was carried out
to evaluate the impact of gender in selection of small FPs
enterprises with a view to creating a paradigm shift in
forest conservation, harvesting, processing, consumption and
marketing of products in Bayelsa and Rivers State, Nigeria.
The result reveals that the more the married females and
investors in a particular state the less gender role
activities in FPs. Increasing age (20-39 and 40-59 years)
and level of education would result in less gender role
commitment than younger ones with low level of education.
Also, the respondents who are educated are more efficient in
gender role activities. More so, results revealed that
frequent involvement of females in fruit, vegetable,
fuelwood, nursery and general marketing small enterprise
(SE) in FPs are likely to discourage gender role activities.
Fuelwood enterprise was more competitive to gender though
with gender difference in both states. The role of gender in
SE shows that medicinal plant and crafts would offer
positive and innovative mechanism to sustainability in
livelihood and forest management. Among the problems of SE
were low demand/price of produce and insecurity due to
restive occurrences. The strategies recommended for improved
sustainable SE were level of post-harvest innovations in
place and the national and international policies to handle
standards certification, species adaptation valuation, value
addition, new products and new markets. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Effect of
organic matter level on methane emission in acid sulphate
soil from belandean, South Kalimantan, Indonesia |
|
Author (s): |
Wahida
Annisa, A. Maas, B. Purwanto
and J. Widada |
|
Abstract: |
Methane is
considered one of the most important greenhouse gases. The
studies of methane emission in acid sulphate soil was rarely
being a subject of research. Belandean (South Kalimantan)
which dominated with potential acid sulphate/sulfaquents
group (Soil Survey Staff, 2010) was used to evaluate the
level of methane emission. The soil from Balandean with
various management of local organic
matter has been used for a laboratory experiment. This
experiment addressed to determine
the amount of CH4
emissions. This experiment used factorial design with two
factors. The first factor was a type of organic matter, i.e.
without organic matter (control), fresh rice straw, fresh
chinese
water chestnut (Eleocharis
dulcis), fresh cattle
manure, composted rice straw,
composted
chinese
water chestnut (Eleocharis
dulcis), and cattle
manure.
The second factor was the
land preparation
i.e. no tillage and tillage
pudling.
The results showed that
application
of
cattle manure was effective in
reducing cumulative
flux of methane emission either
at no or tillage system.
The cumulative methane emission
was
ranged from 1.9
to 14.46 µg CH4.g-1 day-1
after 2 months
incubation at no tillage
system.
While
at tillage
system
the cumulative methane emission
was
ranged
between 0.89 to 19.87 µg CH4.g-1 day-1.
Correlation
analysis showed that the methane emission from both land
preparation system has positively
correlated
with organic-C, ferrous iron and negative correlation with
soil redox potential and sulphate concentration. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Title: |
Wastewater treatment with aerobic filtration process by rock
layer |
|
Author (s): |
Prayong
Keeratiurai |
|
Abstract: |
Wastewater of residential buildings, which
people inhabited more than 100
people, was treated with aerobic
filtration process. The rock layers were used in the
filtration model. The objective of this research was the
study of wastewater treatment with physical process. The
wastewater treatment process was the rapid filter rate for
improve water quality before release into natural waters.
This study simulated the steady flow of wastewater in glass
tank 2 units. They have width of 50 cm, length 150 cm. and
height 60 cm. The first glass tank was filled small rocks
that were size 2.5 - 5 cm. and the second glass tank was
filled large rocks that were size 5 - 10 cm. This study
sampled wastewater at inlet and outlet of filtration model
to determine the parameters. Parameters analyzed by the
standard method in the laboratory were pH, DO, BOD, TS, TDS.
The results of this study showed the wastewater was treated
with the filtration model that it was within the standard
parameters of the effluent. The results also showed the
comparison between filter with small rocks and large rocks
were the porosity decreasing of large rock layer
(5-10 cm.) and small rock layer
(2.5-5 cm.) was 2.13
% and 0.87 %, respectively. The small rocks filter was
effective in the treatment of sewage over the large rocks
filter. However, the large rocks filter should be chosen for
wastewater treatment of these residential buildings. Because
the wastewater quality was treated within standard and the
large rocks filter could be used for longer than the small
rocks filter. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
