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| Journal of Agricultural and
Biological Science
May 2007 | Vol. 2 No. 3 |
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Title: |
Effects of light on seed
germination and growth pattern of straits rhododendron (melastoma
malabathricum L.) |
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Author (s): |
Mahdi Faravani and Baki
Bin Bakar |
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Abstract: |
The effects of media on
seed germination and general growth patterns of M. malabathricum
under different light and temperature regimes were studied in the
laboratory and insect-proof house conditions in University of Malaya.
Fifty fresh or dried seeds of M. malabathricum were placed in each
petri-dish and moistened with water or solutions of the chemical media,
KNO3, H2O2 and HNO3 and placed either in darkness or fully exposed to
fluorescence light at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35oC in growth
chambers. Seed germination of M. malabathricum was positively
photoblastic. The highest rate of germination of 40-37 % was observed at
25 -30oC for oven dried seeds in distilled H2O. No seed germination
prevailed in darkness, or when exposed to chemical media, and at
temperature regimes less than 20oC. Uniform two-month seedlings were
exposed to two light regimes, viz. full sunlight (FSP) in an open (at
midday, mean photosynthetically active radiation, PAR = 622 μ mole
photon m-2 s-1 ) or 20% of full sunlight within the greenhouse
(Partial exposed plants)(PEP)(at midday, PAR =125 μ mole photon m-2
s-1). Light regime strongly influenced both clonal and reproductive
growths of M. malabathricum. Floral initiation in M.
malabathricum requires exposure to no less than 400 μ mole photon
m-2 s-1 for 15-20 days. The FSP displayed higher rate of growth in terms
of number of berries, seeds, 2o branch, leaves /2o branch, leaves /1o
branch, berries/2o branch and total number of leaves/plant .Exposure to
full sunlight led to higher reproductive and clonal growths with higher
number of leaves/plant and number of 1o branch/plant, number of
flowers/plant, number of seeds/plant for the FSP plants, but the PEP had
more secondary and tertiary branches and internode’s length. The
regression analysis generated model for plant height data in relation to
days after planting (x) were y = 56.2Ln(x) - 209.3, r = 0.96 for the PEP
plants, and y = 15.99Ln(x) - 2.65, r = 0.92 for the FEP counterparts. |
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Title: |
Variability among mungbean
(vigna radiata) genotypes for yield and yield components grown in
Peshawar valley |
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Author (s): |
Rozina Gul, Sajid Ali,
Hamayoon Khan, Nazia, Farhan Ali and Imran Ali |
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Abstract: |
To evaluate the
performance of mungbean genotypes, an experiment was conducted at
Agricultural Research Farm of NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar
during summer 2005. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete
block design with three replications. Data was collected on number of
leaves plant-1, pod length, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds
pod-1, 100-seed weight and seed yield plant-1. Significant variations
were observed for all the parameters except number of pods plant-1.
Genotype KRK mung-1 produced maximum number of leaves plant-1 and
maximum number of seeds per pod-1. Maximum pod length and maximum
100-seeds weight was recorded for genotype NFM 3-3. Mungbean genotypes
NM 21 produced maximum seed yield plant-1, followed by NM-92 and KRK
mung-1, while FM 3-3 produced minimum seed yield plant-1. This variation
may be used for further breeding programmes to develop improved mungbean
genotypes, adapted to the climatic condition of Peshawar valley through
crossing and selection. |
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Title: |
Efficacy of azoxystrobin
on colletotrichum gloeosporiodes penz growth and on controlling mango
anthracnose |
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Author (s): |
S. Sundravadana, D. Alice,
S. Kuttalam and R. Samiyappan |
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Abstract: |
Anthracnose caused by
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the most damaging disease
causing reduction of flower set and yield losses in mango. Application
of fungicide was one of the approaches to control the disease. In this
study, the efficacy of azoxystrobin, one of the strobilurin class
fungicides, was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In in
vitro tests, azoxystrobin completely inhibited mycelial growth of C.
gloeosporioides. In field experiment, azoxystrobin at 1, 2 and 4 ml/l
significantly suppressed the development of both panicle and leaf
anthracnose. Mango trees treated with azoxystrobin produced more fruits
compared to control and showed no phytotoxicity. The reduction of
anthracnose incidence and yield increased curve obtain, shows flattening
between the range 2.0 and 4.0 ml/l rates, hence the optimum rate of
azoxystrobin was fixed to be at 2.0 ml/l for the control of anthracnose
disease. This systemic fungicide azoxystrobin was useful in managing
this destructive disease of mango in field. |
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Title: |
Investigation of mortality
incidence and managemental practices in buffalo calves at commercial
dairy farms in Peshawar city |
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Author (s): |
Zaib Ullah Khan, Sarzamin
Khan, Nazir Ahmad and Abdur Raziq |
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Abstract: |
Data regarding buffalo
calves rearing and calf mortality was collected from 111 buffalo farms
in Peshawar city. Total number of buffaloes was 3092 in these farms
having 27.85 buffaloes on average. 2492 calves born in one year of which
448 calves were died (17.98% mortality rate). Colostrum feeding to
newly born calves was practiced in all farms. In addition to suckling,
solid feeding to calves was started during the second week of age. The
weaning age ranged from 24 to 48 weeks. Calf mortality was influenced (P
< 0.05) by total number of animals but did not vary due to number of
buffaloes, number of cows, total calves, age and season. |
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Title: |
Response of arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi and bradyrhizobium japonicum to air pollution stress
in soybean |
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Author (s): |
Ghazala Nasim, Rukhsana
Bajwa and Abdul Hakeem |
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Abstract: |
Filtered air (FA)
resulted in greater plant height, more number of leaves and shoots per
plant, greater number of flowers and pods per plant as compared to
unfiltered air (UFA) and ambient air (AA). As regard to soil treatment,
the treatment with sterilized soil with AM and Rhizobium inoculation
showed an overall significant performance as compared to other cases.
The efficacy of N-fixation enhanced in filtered air as compared to other
treatments. The number of root nodules also increased. As far as
arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization is concerned, all the fungal
organs showed maximum intensity. Spores formation was also significantly
high in plants of filtered air grown in sterilized inoculated soil than
other air or soil treatments. In the unfiltered air (UFA and AA),
mycorrhizal plants showed better results than non-mycorrhizal plants in
all respects. The mycofloral composition of soybean at the time of final
harvest constituted a total of (29) species of AM fungi, majority of
which belonged to the genus Glomus. While some sensitive species failed
to sporulate indicating the prevalence of unfavorable conditions. A few
AM species like G. tenue were sensitive to dust pollution and could not
form spores in ambient air. |
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