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| Journal of Agricultural and
Biological Science July 2006 | Vol.1 No.1 |
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Title: |
Evaluation of Nutritive Value of
different levels of Chrome Shaving (hydrolyzed) partially replacing
animal protein in the feed on the Performance of Quail Chicks |
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Author (s): |
Samreen Riaz and Dr. Saadia Shahzad Alam |
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Abstract: |
The Present study was
carried out to evaluate the different levels of tannery wastes (chrome
shaving) on the growth performance of quail chicks. The tannery waste
was partially replaced by the animal protein and 2.5% and 5% levels were
prepared and given in the feed of chicks. One day old chicks were
purchased from local hatchery and were studied up to 9th week. The effect
of tannery waste (chrome shaving) was also observed up to 9th week. Chicken
were slaughtered, dried and sent for further analysis like fat content,
moisture, mineral contents, protein estimation, dressing percentage and
total body weight. Both levels of chrome shavings showed significant
results. However, these changes were more pronounced in 5% level of
tannery waste (chrome shaving). |
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Title: |
Reconstruction of Chromosomal
Inheritance in Pedigree of Japanese Wheat Cultivars
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Author (s): |
Syed Shahinshah Gilani, Tomohiro Ban and
Zabta Khan Shinwari |
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Abstract: |
The objective of the
study was to trace the transfer of chromosomal fragment from parent to
offspring in Japanese wheat cultivars and to assess their genetic
diversity. The extended pedigree of Japanese wheat cultivars was
constructed with the help of available information. SSR data clearly
indicated the transfer of fragments from parents to their offspring. At
some places only a single primer could be detected to be transferred
from parents to the offspring while at other place the whole fragment
could be detected to be transferred. Thus SSR analysis of Japanese wheat
line clearly and safely can be used for pedigree tracing. SSR analysis
of Japanese wheat cultivars produced 88 Haplotypes. Genetic Diversity
index ranged from 0.089 to 0.664. 75 Haplotypes were also developed when
the SSR data was analysed on the basis of Asakaze Komugi alleles
presence, similarity and difference in other Japanese wheat cultivars.
The similarity of alleles among them ranged from 40% to 86.67 %. None of
the Japanese wheat cultivars showed 100% similarity with Asakaze Komugi
alleles. At least one of the resistance genes of Saiki 165 must have
been introduced from Asakaze komugi, which is moderately resistant. Our
results through haplotypes and pedigree analysis also confirmed it. The
results were also confirmed by hierarchical cluster analysis, using
statistical programme SPSS. |
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Title: |
Use of Vegetables as Nutritional Food:
Role in Human Health
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Author (s): |
Rumeza Hanif, Zafar
Iqbal, Mudassar Iqbal, Shaheena Hanif and Masooma Rasheed |
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Abstract: |
Vegetables included in
daily schedule of diet viz. Sweet Pepper, Cauliflower, Carrot, Cabbage,
Lettuce, Spinach, Tomato, Potato, Reddish, and Bottle Gourd were
analyzed for their proximate composition, vitamin and mineral contents
to evaluate their importance in human nutrition. The results showed that
almost all vegetables contain appreciable amount of essential nutrients.
Moisture content was high ranging from 77% in potato to 94.5% in bottle
gourd followed by carbohydrate in all selected vegetables. Crude
protein, Crude fiber and ash were in range from 0.9 to 2.1%, 0.3 to 1.2%
and 0.5% to 1.1% respectively. Sweet pepper was found to be highest in
crude fiber content. Vegetables intake is beneficial for obese, as they
furnish fat to a lesser extent. Minerals in dry weight basis were found
in different concentration in all vegetables. K was the most abundant
mineral followed by P and Ca. Some vegetables constitute appreciable
amount of Na. Potato contained 240 mg/100gm K, but Calcium (8 mg/100gm)
was deficient in it. Na was found high (63.9 mg/100gm) in reddish. P and
Ca concentration was found 84mg/100gm and 76 mg/100gm respectively in
Spinach, which is also an efficient source of Fe 6mg/100gm.
comparatively, tomato contained less amount of P (27 mg/100g). Cabbage
was found deficient in Fe (0.51 mg/100gm). All the vegetables analyzed,
are poor source of Cr. Vitamin analysis confirmed that selected vitamins
were found high in spinach followed by cauliflower and tomato. Carrot
contains minimum amount of water soluble vitamin among various
vegetables. Thiamine was relatively in higher amount than niacin and
riboflavin. |
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Title: |
Effect of different levels of Chrome
Shavings on Hematological Parameters in the blood of Quail Chicks |
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Author (s): |
Samreen Riaz, Dr. Saadia Shahzad Alam and
Dr. Ghazanfar Ali |
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Abstract: |
The present study was
carried out to investigate the effects of different levels of tannery
wastes or chrome shaving on hematological parameters of quail chicks.
The chrome shaving was replaced by animal protein with 2.5 % and 5 %
level and administrated to chicks in feed. The study was carried out up
to 9th week of quail chicks. The blood was taken after each month from
test and control quail chicks and studied for Hb (Hemoglobin) contents,
TEC (total erythrocyte count), TLC (total leukocyte count) and PVC
(packed cell volume). The Hb content, TEC, TLC and PVC were increased
significantly in last three months. Increase was high in 5% level of
chrome shaving as compared to 2.5 % chrome level. Although, these
changes were time and dose dependent. |
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Title: |
Effect of the source and rate of Humic
acid on Phosphorus transformations |
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Author (s): |
M. S. Sarir, M. I. Durrani
and Ishaq A. Mian |
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Abstract: |
An incubation
experiment was carried out in vitro to monitor changes in bicarbonate
extractable phosphate, resulting from the addition of applied-P (SSP)
reinforced with both Farm Yard Manure (humic acid basis) and humic acid
(lignitic coal). A calcareous soil was incubated with SSP (60 kg ha-1)
alone and in different combinations with Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and
humic acid (200, 400, 800, 1600 and 2000gms ha-1). Addition of FYM could
not help in the mineralization of applied-P. The non significant effect
of Farm Yard Manure on P-mineralization suggests that FYM
recommendations on the basis of humic acid content do not fulfil the
actual humic acid requirements. Therefore, further work is needed to
incorporate additional parameters to fulfill the actual humic acid
requirements. Humic acid (lignitic coal) applied @ 200g ha-1 showed
least P-immobilization both from native and applied-P pool during 16
week of incubation. Percent P recovery and mineralized-P was also
greater in humic acid @ 200g ha-1 soil. |
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Title: |
Analysis of Staphylococcus sp. for
secondary metabolite production |
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Author (s): |
Dr. Nazia Jamil and
Nuzhat Ahmed |
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Abstract: |
Several samples were
collected from a variety of sources such as surface water, deep-sea
water, sediments, sea animals and plants from Arabian Sea. The samples
were analyzed both qualitatively & quantitatively for the presence of
bacteria. Their resistance markers were studied and two Staphylococcus
sps. were screened for the production of secondary metabolites. Analytic
techniques and electron microscopic observations have revealed the
presence of important compounds such as cadmium binding compound, oleic
acid, palmatic acid, SMHS1 and 3. These have potential for commercial
exploitation. |
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Title: |
Nutritional status of
different orchards irrigated with wastewater in district Peshawar |
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Author (s): |
Sajida Parveen, Wajahat
Nazif, Mian Furqan Ahmad, Ahmad Khan and Iftikhar Alam Khattak |
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Abstract: |
The major
micronutrients and heavy metals accumulation in soil and leaves
irrigated with wastewater in Loquat, Peach, Apricot, Plum and pear
orchards at Pandu (in district Peshawar) were studied during 2004. The
soil samples were collected from two depths 0-30cm and 30-60cm. A total
of 10 composite soil samples (mixing of 10-15 sampling) each for both
depths from each orchard, along with 5 composite plant leaves and water
samples were collected. All the samples were analyzed for macronutrients
(N, P, and K) and micronutrients (Cu, Zn, and Mn) and heavy metals (Ni,
Cd, and Pb). The average values of N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cd, and Pb
were found to be 0.04%, 1.04, 49.25, 2.50, 0.27, 2.09, 0.47, 0.32 and
1.09 mg kg-1 , respectively in 0-30cm soil depth where as 0.03%, 0.66,
78.01, 3.55, 0.35, 2.27, 0.47, 6.26 and 1.52 mg kg-1 , respectively were
found in 30-60cm soil depth. The differences in nutrients accumulation
were non- significant (using t-test at P< 0.05) between these two soil
depths for all micronutrients except P. The macronutrients (N, P and K)
in soil, and only N in leaves were deficient; where as P and K
accumulation in leaves were adequate. Micro nutrients accumulations in
leaves of various orchards were adequate in comparison to P(0.13-0.35),
K(2.5-3.0), N(2.0-2.5), Zn(2-150), Cu(5-20), Mn(20-50), Ni(6-10),
Cd(0.02), and Pb(2.0) mg kg-1 critical values in plants leaves , while
Ni and Cd were high. Cu, Zn, and Mn concentration in wastewater were
adequate where as Ni, Cd, and Pb was higher than the standard.
Additional N application along with micronutrients and wastewater
application may be better to use for improving nutritional status of the
study area. |
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Title: |
Evaluation of
irrigation water for heavy metals of Akbarpura area |
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Author (s): |
Wajahat Nazif, Sajida Perveen and Syed
Asif Shah |
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Abstract: |
A study was conducted
on heavy metal contents of irrigation water in Akbarpura area of
District Nowshera, NWFP, Pakistan. Water samples were collected from two
irrigation sources (canal and Bara River) with three replications each
from Akbarpura, Kurvi and Banda Sheikh Ismail villages. Water samples
were collected in clean bottles at 10cm depth. The samples collected
were analyzed for their heavy metal contents including copper, lead,
zinc, iron, manganese, cadmium, nickel and chromium by Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer. Heavy metal contents were found much lesser in
irrigation canal water as compared to Bara River water. Copper, lead,
iron, cadmium, nickel and chromium were found in normal concentrations
in both irrigation canal and Bara River, while zinc and manganese were
found in deficient concentrations |
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Title: |
Response of Okra (Abelmoschus
Esculentus) cultivars to different sowing times |
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Author (s): |
Shujat Hussain,
Muhammad Sajid, Noor-ul- Amin, Shah Alam and Zafar Iqbal |
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Abstract: |
In order to study the
response of okra cultivars to different sowing times, an experiment was
conducted at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Agriculture,
Skardu (Northern Areas) during summer 2005. Five cultivars of Okra i.e.
Malav-27, Sabz Pari, Super Green, Pusa Sawani and Punjab Selection were
sown in three different sowing dates with 10 days interval i.e. 18th
May, 28th May and 8th June, 2005. Maximum number of picking (27.80),
number of pods per plant (26.22), fruit diameter (1.46cm), plant height
(1.48m), yield per hectare (14.57 tons) was recorded in cultivar
Malav-27, when sown on 28th May, 2005. Minimum days to emergence (10.93)
and days to first picking (75.60) was observed when different okra
cultivars sown on 08th June, 2005, whereas the minimum days to emergence
(10.89) were observed in cultivar Malav-27 and minimum days to first
picking (75.56) was recorded in cultivar Punjab Selection. Okra cultivar
Malav-27 should be sown on 28th May, for high yield at the agro climatic
condition of Skardu. |
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Title: |
Effect of integrated
use of farm yard manure and urea on yield and nitrogen uptake of wheat |
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Author (s): |
Zahir Shah and Mian
Ishaq Ahmad |
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Abstract: |
The effect of
integrated use of urea and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) on yield and N uptake
of wheat was assessed in a field experiment carried out on a silty clay
loam soil in Peshawar valley of North West Frontier Province, Pakistan
during 2001-02. Urea and FYM were combined in a way to supply N at 120
kg ha-1 from both sources in 0:0, 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100
ratios arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Wheat (variety:
Ghaznavi) was planted in rows. Data on biological, grain and straw
yields of wheat were recorded. Samples of grain and straw were also
analyzed for total N to determine its uptake by the crop. The results
indicated that maximum biological (10952 kg ha-1), straw (7710 kg ha-1),
and grain (3242 kg ha-1) yields of wheat were obtained in treatment
receiving N from urea and FYM in 75:25 ratio. The next higher yield was
obtained in treatment receiving N from the two sources in 50:50 ratio.
Comparing with other fertilizer treatments, the yields were
significantly lower in treatments where N from urea source was below 50
%. Similarly, the N uptake in grain (47.66 kg ha-1) and straw (19.28 kg
ha-1) was also significantly (P<0.05) greater in treatments receiving 75
or 50 % N from urea and 25 or 50% from FYM. The data on crop yields and
N uptake in response to integrated use of urea and FYM supported each
other. The residual soil organic fertility after crop harvest was
proportional to the level of FYM used. Our data thus suggest that
integrated use of urea and FYM at 75:25 or 50:50 ratios (N basis) has
produced maximum yields and is therefore recommended for profitable
wheat yield and sustainable soil fertility. |
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