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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science July 2011
| Vol. 6 No. 7 |
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Title: |
The rapeseed deteriotion at
different storing packages during storage period
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Author (s): |
Bita oskouie and maryam
divsalar |
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Abstract: |
The seed quality evaluation as a crop
propagation organ and the most important input for crop
production has a special position in seed production and
certification. This experiment was conducted to study the
effect of different packages on rapeseed varieties produced
in Qom province - Iran. The studied cultivars were RGS,
Talaieh and Okapi and the package types were three - layers
paper bag, 4-layer paper bag, propylene bag, propylene+paper
and flaxen bag which was studied using factorial experiment
on the basis of completely randomized block design at 3
replications. The seed containing bags were stored in the
ware house of agricultural and natural resources center of
Qom province for 1 year and the standard sampling of each
treatment and replication was done at intervals of 3 months,
6 months, 9 months and one year. Then the germination ability
of seeds was tested by standard germination test and also
the electrical conductivity test, cold test and accelerated
aging test have been conducted for estimating seed vigor,
then mean germination time was calculated. As the results
showed the seed viability wasn’t affected until first stage
of sampling (3 months storage) in a way that the germination
percent at standard germination test and the vigor tests
show that the storing packages have no effect on seed
viability during these three months, but the decrease of
germination ability at standard germination test was
observed after 6 month storage (second sampling stage) and
the seed germination ability had more decline within the
storage time and this reduction was more evident in
propylene and paper+propylene. Also the seed vigor tests
indicate more decline of vigor in propylene and
paper+propylene bags however the vigor decrease in 3-layers
and 4-layers paper bag was less in away that the germination
ability of seeds stored in 3-layers and 4-layers paper
remained at standard level after one year storage.
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Title: |
Effectiveness of phytosanitation in
cassava mosaic disease management in a post-epidemic area of
western Kenya |
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Author (s): |
S. O.
Mallowa, D. K. Isutsa, A. W. Kamau
and J. P. Legg |
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Abstract: |
The effectiveness of phytosanitation in managing cassava
mosaic disease (CMD) was studied in a post-epidemic area of
western Kenya. Four varieties [MM96/4466 (resistant), TMS
30572 (Migyera, moderately resistant), Bukalasa 11 (Serere,
moderately susceptible) and Karemo (susceptible)] and four
phytosanitation approaches (roguing, cutting selection,
roguing plus cutting selection, and none) were studied at
two sites (Alego and Ugunja) for two seasons. With no
phytosanitation, resistant varieties had very low levels of
CMD infection, and infected plants expressed very mild
symptoms. By contrast, the most susceptible variety became
heavily diseased, with incidences of > 90%, whether
phytosanitation measures were applied or not. Tuberous root
yields were highest for CMD-resistant varieties. Roguing
susceptible varieties resulted in significantly reduced root
yields compared to the ‘do nothing’ control, largely as a
result of the greatly reduced plant population. However,
plots of CMD-susceptible varieties where selection was
applied gave tuberous root yields that exceeded those of the
control and that were comparable to those of the resistant
variety with the equivalent treatment. These data clearly
demonstrate the value of selection as an approach for
maintaining the production of local varieties under the CMD
post-epidemic conditions that are now prevalent across large
areas of East and Central Africa. Conversely, the results
show that roguing provides no tuberous root yield benefit
under any of the tested circumstances. Raising awareness
amongst farming communities of the potential advantages of
selection of healthy planting material should be an
important component of CMD management programmes, in tandem
with efforts to multiply and disseminate planting materials
of resistant varieties. |
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Title: |
Effect of
processing on seed oil of simarouba glauca (DC): An
underutilized plant |
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Author (s): |
Anil
Duhan, Yeshwant Suthar and Harish Moudgil |
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Abstract: |
Refining of oil (a series of processes like
degumming, alkali refining and bleaching) are aimed to
remove the impurities like free fatty acids, phosphatides,
metal ions, waxes, oxidation products, colour bodies etc. to
make oil suitable for edible purpose and storage. The above
processes were applied on the Simarouba glauca and
Rapeseed oil to observe the effect of refining on different
physico-chemical properties like free fatty acids, iodine
value, peroxide value, saponification value, unsaponifiable
matter and fatty acid composition. It was observed that the
refining of oil results in the improvement of oil quality
and make the oil suitable for human consumption, storage and
bio-fuel production. |
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Title: |
Characterization, evaluation and
selection of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp) accessions
with desirable traits from eight regions of Ghana |
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Author (s): |
F. A. Cobbinah,
A. A. Addo-Quaye and I. K. Asante |
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Abstract: |
One hundred and thirty four accessions of cowpea from eight
geographical origins of Ghana were planted at two locations,
Bunso (Semi-deciduous forest) and Pokuase (Coastal savannah)
to evaluate their performance and select those with
desirable qualitative and quantitative characters for
improvement. Qualitative characters evaluated included
raceme position, pod colour, flower colour, growth habit and
twining tendency. Quantitative characters included days to
50% germination, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% podding,
number of branches on main stem, peduncle length, number of
pods per plant, pod length, 100 seed weight and seed yield.
Forty five accessions with promising characters based on the
above characteristics were selected and further analyzed
using a dendrogram out of which eleven accessions were
selected. All the accessions analyzed showed three raceme
positions, six growth habits and four types of flower colour.
The hierarchical analysis grouped the selected accessions
into three clusters with clustering of accessions not
occurring along regional basis. High levels of similarity
were revealed among the accessions. |
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Title: |
Nut storage periods and nut sizes
effects on cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) seedling
emergence and growth |
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Author (s): |
Adeyemi E. A. and H. Tijani-Eniola |
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Abstract: |
Investigation into the appropriate storage period before
sowing of cashew nut was conducted at Ibadan using jumbo (>16
g) and medium (6-8 g) size nuts. Nuts stored at 0
(within 7 days of harvest), 1-12 month periods were sown
at monthly interval into polythene pots containing 2 kg soil
pot-1 at 2.5 cm depth in four replicates in the
nursery for two sowing seasons. Data on days to seedling
emergence and % emergence were monitored. Growth parameters
of height (cm), stem girth (mm) and biomass (g) were taken
at 12 weeks after sowing. Data were analyzed using
descriptive statistics and ANOVA at 5% level of
significance. Storage periods had significant effects on
days to seedling emergence, percent emergence, seedling
height and biomass. Days to emergence of nuts stored for 0,
1, 2, 7, 9 11, and 12 months were similar but significantly
higher than other storage periods for both nut sizes.
Percent emergence was higher in medium nut than in jumbo.
Nut stored for 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11 months had
similar % emergence significantly higher than other storage
periods. Growth parameters and dry matter yield were higher
for jumbo size. Cashew nuts retained viability and would
emerge up to 11 months in storage. Jumbo size may be
preferred to medium in terms of growth performance. |
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Title: |
Impact of
Fadama II on income and
inequality of rural households in Nigeria |
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Author (s): |
Akinlade
R. J., Yusuf S. A., Omonona B. T. and Oyekale A. S. |
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Abstract: |
Past government efforts to reduce rural inequality in
Nigeria have not led to appreciable impact due to their
supply driven approach. Recently emphasis is now shifting to
demand driven approach through Community Driven Development
assets (CDD). Fadama II one of the CDD projects invested
mainly in agricultural projects to increase the income of
the users. However, the impact of Fadama II on Income
inequality (IE) has not been fully ascertained. Therefore,
the impact of Fadama II on income inequality of rural
households in Nigeria was investigated the data for this
study were obtained from secondary source through a survey
conducted in twelve World Bank supported Fadama states by
International Food Policy Research Institute in 2006/2007
farming year. Only 1,738 matched observations from the 3,750
respondents were used in this study. The data were analysed
using, propensity score matching; descriptive statistics
double difference estimator, and Gini-coefficient. The
result shows that across the three agro-ecological zones,
annual per capita expenditure increased by 13.8%, 22.9% and
29.1% for HF, MS and DS zones respectively with Taraba state
having the highest change in mean income of 28% while the
least is Oyo state (3.2%). Fadama II was income inequality
(IE) decreasing nationwide (21.2%) with female Fadama
Beneficiaries (FB) having the highest reduction of 27.2%
compared with male counterparts of 14.1%. The IE reduced by
28.4%, 12.9% and 11.7% in HF, MS and DS. Also across the
benefiting states IE reduced with Lagos state having the
highest decrease (38.9%) while Adamawa had the least (3.1%).
The study recommended that there is need to promote this
type of Economic Community Driven Development project in the
nation. |
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Title: |
Economic analysis of watermelon based
production system in Oyo state Nigeria |
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Author (s): |
Adeoye
I. B., Olajide-Taiwo F. B., Adebisi-Adelani O., Usman J. M. and Badmus M. A. |
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Abstract: |
The study
examined the economic analysis of watermelon based
production system in Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage
random sampling technique was adopted in the selection of
ninety farmers from the chosen local governments.
Well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information
on socio-economic characteristics and other relevant
variables. The study data were analyzed by descriptive
statistics, budgetary and stochastic frontier production
function. The results showed that 94.9% of watermelon farmer
in the study area were male and 96.6% of them were married.
Watermelon was predominantly grown as sole crop by 52.8%
while 47.2% of farmers engaged in intercropping. Budgetary
analysis revealed that watermelon intercropping with cassava
had higher gross margin (N258,
367.02/ha) than sole watermelon (N232,
918.06/ha). The benefit/ cost ratio (BCR) of sole
watermelon (2.35:1) was greater than watermelon cassava
intercropping system (2.13:1). Yield level was positive and
significantly influenced by labour input. The level of
education was significant and found to reduce technical
inefficiency while age of farmers was found to increase
technical inefficiency. Inadequate credit facilities (78%),
pest and disease (76.3%), inadequate fertilizer ((69.5%) and
high transportation cost ((54.2%) were the prominent
constraints to watermelon production in the study area. |
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Title: |
Study the effect of mechanical damage
at processing on soybean seed germination and vigor |
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Author (s): |
Divsalar
Maryam and Bita oskouie |
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Abstract: |
Planting high quality seed is important in efficient soybean
production system. One factor that reduces seed quality is
mechanical damage. Soybean seed is very fragile and
susceptible to mechanical damage that occurs at harvest,
processing, drying and handling. Care should be taken to
prevent seed damage and injuries during processing because
mechanical damage reduces seed germination and vigor. So
this research was conducted to evaluate the effect of
mechanical damage on soybean seeds germination and vigor
after processing. This study was completed as factorial on
the basis of completely randomized design with three
replications. The treatments were cultivar at three levels (Sahar,
Williams and D.P.X) and the moisture percentage at three
levels (12-14, 14-16 and 16-18 percent) and the measured
characters were mechanical damage percentage and germination
percentage. Also the electrical conductivity test and
accelerated aging test were conducted to evaluate seed
vigor. The variance analysis results showed there was a
significant difference in mechanical damage and germination
percentage between cultivars in a way that the cultivar of
Sahar had the maximum mechanical damage and the highest
amount of electrical conductivity and minimum germination
percentage. Also there was a significant difference between
three moisture levels in measured characters. The moisture
of 12-14 percent had the lowest amount of mechanical damage
and maximum germination percentage and 16-18 percent had the
highest mechanical damage and the lowest germination
ability. |
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Title: |
Evaluation of some plant materials for the control of smoked
fish pest, dermestes maculatus degeer (coleoptera:
dermestidae) in Clarias gariepinus burchell (pisces:
clariidae) |
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Author (s): |
Akinwumi F. O. |
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Abstract: |
The
efficacies of the powders of four plant materials, namely:
Dennettia tripetala Baker, Eugenia aromatica
Hook, Monodora myristica (Dunal) and Piper
guineense (Schum and Thonn) at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and
10.0g/100g smoked Clarias gariepinus Burchell were
evaluated for the control of dermestid beetle, Dermestes
maculatus. Each of the four plant powders caused
significantly high (P<0.05) mortality in both the adults and
larvae of the fish beetle at all concentrations when
compared to the control and was effective in inhibiting
progeny development in treated fish. The four plant
materials could play a major role in protecting one of the
highly valuable commodities in the tropics and thereby
prevent smoked fish losses, improve income generation and
enhance socio-economic status of fish mongers. |
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Title: |
Correlation and path analysis of
drought tolerance traits on grain yield in rice germplasm
accessions |
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Author (s): |
Mohankumar M. V., Sheshshayee M. S., Rajanna M. P. and Udayakumar M. |
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Abstract: |
Rice is an extensively consumed cereal crop, which serves as
a major source of carbohydrate in human diet. Rice
cultivation requires more than 50 % of the total irrigation
water used for agriculture. Therefore saving irrigation
water without much compromising with grain yield in rice
cultivation is an important global agenda. In the present
study the relevance of several drought tolerance traits in
improving grain yield of rice under aerobic condition is
studied. Analysis of variance indicated significant genetic
variability among all plant traits. Grain yield was
significantly correlated with root volume, root weight,
total biomass total leaf area and Δ13C. Path
analysis indicated that root traits like root length and
root weight positive direct effect on grain yield. Above
ground traits like SLA, TDM, and TLA had direct positive
direct effects on grain yield. The direct of Δ13C
on grain yield was negligible. Root length had highest
positive indirect effect on grain yield via root volume.
These results indicated that root play a pivotal role in
improving grain yield. Yield displayed highest H2BS,
where as Δ13C displayed moderate heritability
among the germplasm accessions. |
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