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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
July 2016 | Vol. 11 No. 7 |
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Title: |
Study on
the population trend of brinjal fruit borer leucinodes
orbonalis guen. (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and it’s
susceptibility to different insecticides |
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Author (s): |
Farman Ali, Inamullah Khan,
Zakirullah, Asad Ali and Anees-ur-Rahman |
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Abstract: |
Brinjal fruit borer,
Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. is the major insect pest of
brinjal (eggplant) in South Asia. Larvae bore into the
fruit; render it unfit for human consumption. This study
reports the seasonal fluctuations and the efficacy of
various insecticides against L. orbonalis in a field study
conducted in two separate plots under field conditions. To
determine the seasonal abundance and population trend of the
pest, plants were regularly monitored on weekly basis
throughout the cropping season soon after the fruits were
formed. L. orbonalis was most persistent throughout the crop
growing season. A low infestation (18.66%) of borer was
noted in the third week of May, severe infestation (75.50%)
in the first week of August, and a high infestation (42.64%)
in the last week of September at the end of the crop growing
season. Five insecticides from different classes of
chemicals were sprayed 3 times at 25 days interval against
the borer, which significantly reduced the borer infestation
in comparison to the untreated control. However, Ripcord (Cypermethrin)
decreased the infestation to a least minimum level than any
other insecticide used. |
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Title: |
In vitro
plant regeneration of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.);
the influence of variety, explant, explant position and
growth regulators |
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Author (s): |
Mazhar Ullah, Haseena Khan,
Mohammad Sayyar Khan, Asad Jan, Khalil Ahmad and Abdul
Waheed Khan |
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Abstract: |
Different sugarcane varieties
(CP 77/400, CP 85/1491 and Punjabi) were checked for its
callus induction and regeneration capabilities using
different growth regulators and explants (eye bud, upper
portion of inner leaf whorls and lower portion of inner leaf
whorls). Seven callus induction media i.e. CIM-1 to CIM-6
and control media, five shoot induction media i.e. SIM-1 to
SIM-4 and control media were used. All the varieties showed
best results in terms of callus induction on CIM-6 (5 mg
L-1,4.D + 10% Coconut water) with all the selected explants
but the most promising results were observed using lower
portion of inner leaf whorls. However CP 77/400 resulted in
maximum callus induction (77.403%) on CIM-6 using lower
portion of inner leaf whorls. Calli with different
morphological characteristics were observed. Whitish/compact
calli was observed using eye bud and upper portion of inner
leaf whorls as explant while lower portion of inner leaf
whorls gave yellowish/friable calli. The calli induced from
different explant were subjected to regeneration media.
Amongst these calli, the calli induced from lower portion of
inner leaf whorls responded efficiently to regeneration in
all the varieties. However the best result was observed in
CP 77/400 i.e. (46.665%). The regenerated shoots were
subjected to root induction media (½ MS media + 3.5 mg
L-1NAA). All the varieties showed efficient root induction
however maximum root induction was observed in variety CP
77/400. |
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Title: |
Fruit
processing preservation and development of value added
products (squash, jam, and candy) to control wastages of
fruits in Gilgit-Baltistan |
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Author (s): |
Faizullah Khan, Tariq Umar
Khan, Tajudin and Nasruminallah Khan |
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Abstract: |
Post harvest losses of fruits
in Gilgit-Baltistan are more than 50%. Fruits and vegetables
are abundantly produced in Gilgit-Baltistan. Due to lack of
processing, preservation, dehydration and value added
product development knowledge/training, testing facilities,
cold storage and improper transportation large amount of
fruit, vegetable and other agricultural produce goes wasted
and does not reach in market because fruits are highly
perishable. The total fruit production in Gilgit-Baltistan
is 149769 Metric tons (Apricot 108588, Apple 19054, Grapes
6413, Pear 2579, Peach 3308, Pomegranate 4287, Cherry 2256
Mulberry 9092 Walnut 5992, Almond 1700 and Sea buckthorn
3600) The post harvest losses of fruits and vegetables in
Gilgit-Baltistan is 50% [21] [15]. The aim of this work is
to develop methods for processing, preservation and
development of value added products and provision of
trainings to farmers to control these fruit losses which
will help to control food security in Gilgit-Baltistan. To
carry out this activity Pakistan Science foundation has
supported financially. Methods developed for the development
of apricot and apple mixed fruit squash, Jam, and
Candy/leather, and trainings on processing preservation and
value added product given to farmers of Gilgit-Baltistan.
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Title: |
Comparing
agricultural yield of member and non-member farmers of farm
services centers in district Swat |
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Author (s): |
Tariq Shah, Jianping Tao, Fei
Liu, Abdullah, Sajjad Ali and Farooq Shah |
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Abstract: |
Different extension approaches
have been launched among different communities in order to
promote agricultural production. Farm services centers are
extension based programs initiated for farmers at districts
level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The focus
of the study is to identify the differences in the
agricultural productivity of the member and non member
farmers of these farm services centers. A sample size of 120
respondents was selected for analysis keeping the same
number of 60 member farmers and 60 non member farmers of the
farm services centers. The collected data were analyzed
using SPSS. Results indicate that yield of member farmers
are higher than non member respondents. Results of the study
also show significant differences in the crops yield as well
as livestock milk yield of these two types of respondents.
In order to make these farm services centers more meaningful
the provision of agricultural farm inputs, agricultural
machineries and agricultural credits on proper time will
further improve the productivity of the member farming
community. |
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Title: |
Molecular
characterization of the endophytic bacteria found in the fig
crops (ficus carica var. brown Turkey) in Costa Rica |
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Author (s): |
Luis Alvarado-Marchena,
Alexander Schmidt-Durán, Carlos Alvarado-Ulloa, Randall
Chacón-Cerdas and Dora Flores-Mora |
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Abstract: |
Plants constitute excellent
microbial habitats, where it is possible to find a
considerable amount of beneficial individuals, including
bacterial endophytes. Endophytes are microorganism that
colonizes plant tissue without causing any evident symptom
or disease, while providing a series of benefits to the
plants, which range from promoting the plant growth to
acting as biological control agents. The overall aim of this
investigation was to molecularly characterize endophytic
bacteria associated to the fig (Ficuscaricavar. Brown
Turkey) crops, through the amplification of 16S ribosomal
DNA. To achieve this, fig plant leaf segments were
disinfected and cultured in EMB and NA culture media, for
the bacteria morphological identification. Later, 16S rDNA
was isolated using the UNI2 and UNI5a primers. Finally, the
obtained sequences were compared to those found in the
GenBank database, and a phylogenetic tree and a genetic
distance matrix were developed. It was determined that the
obtained isolates corresponded to Klebsiellaoxytoca,
Pseudomonassp and Pantoeasp, which had been previously
reported as endophytic bacteria in other plant crops. |
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Title: |
Cloud
computing framework for resource management system: a case
study of cross-species sequence comparisons |
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Author (s): |
Saeed Ullah, M. Daud Awan and
M. Sikandar Hayat Khayal |
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Abstract: |
Knowledge about the sequence
of genes in different species at varying evolutionary
distances helps to identify coding and functional non-coding
sequences among organisms as well as sequences that are
unique for a given organism. Cross-species sequence
comparison is a useful technique to understand genome, both
in similarity and differences, to study changes in human
genomes in different diseases. The research in genetic
similarity is advancing our understanding of muscle and
organ development. Automatic and manual annotation for more
than 26,000 protein-coding genes have showed 70% of
identical similarity with human protein genes to zebrafish
protein genes while 84% genes associated with human diseases
have a counterpart in zebrafish. With the introduction of
cloud computing environment in scientific applications,
single instance based BLAST cloud AMIs have been introduced
to speed up the computation, required for cross-species
sequence comparisons to better understand the genomes, both
in similarity and differences. One of the limitations of
these standalone instances is that these instances operate
in isolation and do not distribute sequence searches across
multiple instances. We propose a cloud computing framework
for resource management system to speedup the computation
process. Experimentation results show that our proposed
framework achieved the objective by significantly reducing
execution time. |
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