|
|
| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science September 2016 | Vol. 11 No. 9 |
|
Title: |
Effect of biofertilizer,
nitrogen, and phosphorus on irrigated soybean (glaycine max)
in Gezira-Sudan |
|
Author (s): |
Abdalmohsin Rizgalla
Khairalseed |
|
Abstract: |
This experiment was conducted
at the Gezira research station to examine the effect of
composite strains of rhizobia (TAL102, TAL379and TAL 377)
carried on peat used for soybean (Glaycine max) inoculation.
Nitrogen and phosphorus were used at different levels to
determine the effect on the soybean number of nodules, shoot
dry weight soybean yield, nitrogen percentages, and crude
protein. The most probable number (MPN) was used to
determine the number of the rhizobium per gram on the peat.
Treatments were factorially combined and laid out in a
complete block design. Seed inoculation increased nodule dry
matter and nitrogen fixation. Added 50Kg N/ha to inoculated
soybean decreased nodule dry mass and doubling the dose
further decreased the nodule dry mass. Adding 50KgP2O5/ha to
inoculated soybean significantly increased soybean shoot dry
mass over mere inoculation. Inoculation alone significantly
increased soybean seed yield over that the control and gave
the same seed yield over that of inoculated with 100KgN/ha.
Inoculation with 50KgN/ha significantly increased seed yield
over that of the inoculated soybean. Effect of different
treatments on crude protein percentage (CP %) followed the
same trend as for seed N%. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Assessment of salinity
stress and the protective effects of glycine betaine on
local wheat varieties |
|
Author (s): |
Mohammad Sayyar Khan,
Syed Jawad Shah and Mazhar Ullah |
|
Abstract: |
Salinity is a major abiotic
stress that affects plant growth and productivity. Wheat as
a major fodder crop is severely damaged by salinity. In the
current research, the effect of various salt stress
conditions was determined on morphological and biochemical
parameters of three locally developed wheat varieties. The
ameliorating effect of Glycine betaine (GB), on salt damages
in the three varieties under various salt stress conditions
was also determined. The three varieties used were
Atta-Habib, Siren and variety A (VA). Plants were subjected
to three different salt stress conditions i.e. 0 mM, 50 mM,
and 100 mM in the presence of 100 mM GB. Mostly
non-significant differences were shown for morphological
traits by all the three varieties from control to 100 mM
salt stress with application of GB. However, in comparison
to Atta-Habib and VA, the Siren variety performed better.
Siren showed significantly high (P≤ 0.05) number of roots
(19.0), as compared to Atta-Habib (14.3), and VA (14.3)
under 100 mM salt stress with GB application. Similarly,
significantly high (P≤ 0.05) shoot length was observed in
Siren (55.9 mm) as compared to that of Atta-Habib (37.0 mm)
and VA (39.3 mm) under 100 mM salt stress with GB
application. The Siren variety retained significantly high
water content as compared to the other two varieties. At
high salt stress (100 mM NaCl), Siren showed high
chlorophyll content (13.0 µg/g fresh weight) than that of
Atta-Habib (11.7 µg/g), and VA (6.8 µg/g). Atta-Habib and VA
accumulated comparatively high proline content at high salt
stress. Our results revealed that GB protected plants
against the damaging effects of salt stress. The Siren
variety showed high tolerance and recovery from salt stress
as compared to Atta-Habib and VA with GB application. |
| |
|
|
Title: |
Chemical composition and
antibacterial activity of essential oil from melissa
officinalis leaves |
|
Author (s): |
Niloofar Keyvan Jafari
and Ali Mohamadi Sani |
|
Abstract: |
This study was designed to
determine chemical composition and antibacterial activity of
essential oil from Melissa officinalis leaves. The essential
oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial
activity was evaluated by micro-dilution and disk-diffusion
methods. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil revealed 48
compounds in which D-Limonene, Cyclohexanone,
2-Methyl-5-isopropenyl-2-cyclohexenone,Geraniol and
2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)- (CAS)
and α-Terpinolene, β-Pinene were the main compounds. Results
of disk diffusion method showed inhibition zones of 25.88,
21.33, 16.44 and 12.33 mm respectively against B. cereus, S.
aureus, E. coli andS. enterica. Minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations
(MBC) of Melissa officinalis essential oil against the
mentioned bacterial species were respectively 1.04, 3.64,
4.42 and 25 and 1.3, 4.68, 8.33, 25mg/ml. Our findings show
significant antibacterial activity for this herbal essential
oil which suggests its capacity as a natural food
preservative against food-born pathogens. |
| |
|
|
|
Title: |
Isolation and
characterization of effective and efficient plant
growth-promoting rhizobacteria from rice rhizosphere of
diverse paddy fields of Indian soil |
|
Author (s): |
Mohd Adnan, Mitesh Patel,
M. N. Reddy, Saif Khan, Eyad Alshammari, Amir Mahgoub
Abdelkareem and Sibte Hadi |
|
Abstract: |
Plant growth-promoting
rhizobacteria, which are generally known as PGPR, are such
kind of bacteria, which can support the growth of host
plants by living in the rhizospheric region by variety of
mechanisms. In present study, we had collected rice
rhizospheric soil samples from different field of rice from
Surat region of Gujarat, India. Total 22 PGPR bacterial
isolates were isolated and screened for their various PGPR
activities like siderophore production, phosphorus
solubilisation, IAA production, and HCN production as well
as for protease and chitinase activity. 10 isolates in case
of siderophore production, 6 isolates in case of phosphorus
solubilisation, 13 isolates in case of IAA production were
found to be positive whereas 4 isolates shown positive HCN
production. However, 10 and 9 isolates shown protease enzyme
production and chitinase enzyme production. However, out of
22 isolates, 2 isolates were found to be most potent and
gives majority of the PGPR activities. So, present study
suggested that, isolated PGPR will be used to attain
significant productivity and soil fertility in rice fields
and can be used as biofertilizers. |
|
|
|
|
Title: |
Soil amendments improved
growth and production of maize (zea mays l.) under irrigated
and rainfed condition in semiarid region of northwest,
Pakistan |
|
Author (s): |
Amanullah Jan, Shahzad
Ali, Jia Zhikuan, Zheng Peng, Wei Ting and Cui Wenwen |
|
Abstract: |
Poor growth and production in
maize (Zea mays L.) under irrigated and rain-fed condition
is a serious concern world-wide. Soil amendments could be an
effective approach in increasing maize growth and production
in irrigated and rain-fed conditions. Therefore field trials
were conducted during summer 2011-2012 at New Developmental
Farm of The University Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The
field experiments were layout in randomized complete block
design having three replications. To efficiently utilize the
already scarce water within the cultivated field, two way
agronomic approaches were adopted in this study. The first
one relates to irrigation. An irrigation levels that is
designated as full irrigation as per the farmers’ practice
where six irrigations are normally applied and the other
experiment was designated under rain-fed conditions. The
second approach was the application of soil amendments to
retain the moisture within root zone. Both conventional (FYM
(10 t ha-1), crop residue (wheat straw 10 t ha-1) and
non-conventional (gypsum (1000 kg ha-1), qemisoyl (10 kg
ha-1) and humic acid (12 kg ha-1) were added as soil
amendments. The results of the 2nd year research shows that
the plots grow under irrigated condition improved growth and
production of maize crop as compared to rain-fed conditions.
Plots treated with 10 tons FYM ha-1 produced maximum LA (317
cm2), LA plant-1 (3329 cm2), LAI (2.74), CGR (30.4 g m-2
d-1), NAR (2.48 g cm-2 d-1), thousand grain weight (287.4
g),grain yield (3896 kg ha-1) and biomass yield (14345 kg
ha-1) as compared with other soil amendments but
statistically at par such as humic acid. FYM had increased
grain and biomass yield by 15 and 46% respectively over
control. Adequate and well distributed rainfall in the 2nd
year caused to produce more LA (0.44%), LA plant-1 (4.8%),
CGR (0.03%), grain yield (2.6%) and biomass yield (5.3%)
over first year. It can be concluded that that plots treated
with FYM or humic acid under irrigated condition was better
than other treatments. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
