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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science
November 2013 |
Vol. 8 No. 11 |
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Title: |
The
effect of legumes and non-legumes biomass toward N
mineralization on degradated soils in lampung, Indonesia |
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Author (s): |
Andy
Wijanarko, Benito Heru Purwanto, Dja'far Shiddieq and Didik
Indradewa |
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Abstract: |
This research aims to
study the kinetics of N mineralization by using double-pool
kinetics models on degradated soils in the cultivation of
monoculture cassava as a result of providing organic matter
of legume and non-legume. Incubation experiments were
conducted in the laboratory at a constant temperature. The
treatment was by giving non-legume and legume biomass on
Ultisol in which cassava has been planted there with
different lengths of time. In this research, to estimate the
parameters of the mineralized N and the rate of
mineralization (k), double-pool kinetics equation was used.
Mean while, the relationship between the parameters of N
mineralization with nutrient uptake was investigated by
conducting a pot experiment in a greenhouse. The results
showed that the application of organic matter derived from
groundnut produced higher mineralization. The N
mineralization of soil that has been planted by cassava less
than ten years was higher than it was on soil that has been
planted by cassava more than 30 years. The total amount of N
released on soil that has been planted by cassava less than
10 years reached 1086 mg kg-1. Whereas, the total amount of
N released on soil already planted with cassava more than 30
years was 783 mg kg-1. Potential value of N (N0) and the
mineralization rate coefficient (k) were higher in organic
matter with a low ratio of C: N and on more fertile soil. |
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Title: |
Phytochemical screening and antityphoid properties of
ethanolic leaf extracts of parquetina nigrescens |
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Author (s): |
Akinyemi
O. I. and Dada E. O. |
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Abstract: |
The study carried out in vitro
antibacterial activities of Parquetina nigrescens
leaf extracts for the control of typhoid fever. Cold water
extract, hot water extract and ethanolic extract of
Parquetina nigrescens at various concentrations (50
mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml and
300mg/ml) were tested against Salmonella typhi
at contact time 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. All the
concentrations showed varying zones of inhibition with ethanolic extract having the highest zone 10.5±0.57 mm at
300 mg/ml and contact time of 24 hours while the least zone
of inhibition was recorded for cold water extract (2.9±0.63)
at 50 mg/ml and contact time 72 hours. Of the ten standard
antibiotics examined, Ciprofloxacin had the highest zone of
growth inhibition 12.6±0.20mm. Tarivid had the least zones
of inhibition 0.4±0.05 mm while Septrin and Sparloxacin had
no effect on Salmonella typhi. The minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal
concentration (MBC) of the extracts on S.typhi varied
respectively with the ethanolic extract being the lowest
values 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml. While the cold water extract
had the highest values 50 mg/ml and 125 mg/ml respectively.
Phytochemical screening of the P. nigrescens extracts
showed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins,
anthraquinone, terpenoids, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and
cardiac glycosides. |
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Title: |
Comparison of drip and sprinkler irrigation system for the
cultivation plants vertically |
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Author (s): |
Prayong
Keeratiurai |
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Abstract: |
Growing vegetables for own consumption in a
household contributed to people living in the city could be
more self-reliant in food factors. Studies in many countries
have shown that urban farming could help bring food
security, poverty reduction and promote a healthy mind and
body healthy as well. This research study aims to evaluate the approach to drip and
sprinkler irrigation of crops that were of cultivated plants
vertically and relationship of water usage of both systems
to yield per planted area. The vertical area was created
that the fields were 4 floors in
condo form to save space. On each floor could cultivation up
to 10 square meters, it was
divided into two parts which used different types of
watering plants were drip irrigation system and sprinkler
irrigation system. Sprinkler irrigation system has been
watering using the amount of water as the program. The drip
irrigation system reduced the water consumption to
50%. The drip irrigation system
has major advantages that were watering high efficiency, use
less water pressure, high yield, saving water. It provides higher crop yields when
compared to the sprinkler irrigation system to the same of
planting areas and quantity of water. The drip irrigation system could provide
better performance than the sprinkler irrigation system. The
drip irrigation was analyzed of economic value showed that
PI values has greater than 1.0 and less than 2 year of payback period on the
assessment of risk and depreciation for one year. The
results also showed the analysis of IRR was 23.28% in the
first year. This project was a worthwhile investment. |
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Title: |
Effects of drought stress on the alkaloid contents and
growth parameters of catharanthus
roseus |
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Author (s): |
Mohammad Reza Amirjani |
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Abstract: |
In the present investigation
Catharanthus roseus, an important herb used in
traditional as well as modern medicine, exposed to water
deficit stress and possible changes in chlorophyll contents,
photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, growth parameters
as well as total alkaloid content and vincristine and
vinblastine levels were studied. Seedlings subjected to 4
different water-regimes. Experimental samples irrigated once
every week or every second and third week and the control
irrigated every day. Drought had adverse effect on height,
weight and Relative water content of periwinkle. The
photosynthetic activity and transpiration rate significantly
decreased with increasing drought level. Total protein
decreased to 77% and total chlorophyll decreased by 27%.
Total alkaloid content significantly increased to maximum
187% compared to the control. Vincristine and vinblastine
content of the seedlings grown under treatments3 increased
to 175% and 171% compared to the control, respectively. |
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Title: |
Production of brugmansia plants free of colombian datura
virus by in vitro ribavirin chemotherapy |
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Author (s): |
Randall P.
Niedz, Scott E. Hyndman, Daniel O. Chellemi and Scott Adkins |
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Abstract: |
Brugmansia
x
candida Pers ‘Creamsickle’ plants produced by in
vitro treatment with ribavirin, and no thermal therapy,
remained polymerase chain reaction (PCR-) negative for
Columbian datura virus (CDV) after one year. The plants
were produced by establishing B. x candida
‘Creamsickle’ shoot cultures on autoclaved MS basal medium (Murashige
and Skoog 1962), sucrose 30 g/L, myo-inositol 100 mg/L,
thiamine HCl 1 mg/L, pyridoxine HCl 1 mg/L, nicotinic acid 1
mg/L, glycine 2 mg/L, BAP 1.1 μM, pH 5.7, and
bacteriological agar (USB Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA)
9.0 g/L with 15 ml of medium per 25×100 mm flat-bottomed
glass culture tubes with polypropylene caps (Magenta
Corporation, Chicago, Illinois, USA). The cultures were
maintained in a growth room illuminated by cool-white
fluorescent lamps (26 μmol m−2 s−1),
constant 27 °C, and a 16h photoperiod. Four weeks after
initiation, the cultures were transferred to the same medium
in polypropylene capped glass tubes except that the BAP
concentration was reduced to 0.5 μM. In vitro-derived
shoots were excised and further dissected to 3-6 mm in
length before transferring onto the same medium containing
ribavirin at 0, 50, 87.5, or 100 mg/L; these shoots were
cultured for 30 days. The ribavirin treated shoots were then
transferred onto the multiplication medium without ribavirin
for one subculture before being rooted in vitro on
the same MS basal medium except with one half strength MS
nitrogen salts and 3 μM IAA for four weeks followed by
greenhouse acclimatization. In vitro-derived plants
that expressed no CDV symptoms and tested PCR-negative one
year after transfer to the greenhouse were produced over the
entire range of 50-100 mg/L ribavirin tested. A single line,
CS22B, from these PCR-negative plants was
selected for long-term assessment - this line remains
symptom-free and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-negative
after 6 years. |
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Title: |
Decomposition and insect succession pattern of exposed
domestic pig (Sus scrofa L.) carrion |
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Author (s): |
Rosina A.
K. Kyerematen, Bernard A. Boateng, Michael Haruna and
Vincent Y. Eziah |
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Abstract: |
Pig carrion decomposition and insect
succession patterns were monitored in the dry and wet
seasons at the University of Ghana, Legon in the Greater
Accra Region. The sequence and composition of the local
carrion visiting fauna, as well as, the rate of
decomposition of the carrion and their determinant climatic
factors were measured. The complete decomposition of the
carrion lasted 16 and 24 days for dry and wet season,
respectively. Five stages of decomposition of the cadaver
namely the fresh, bloated, active decay, advanced decay and
dry remains were observed. In total, 19 species of insects
from 14 families: Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Dolichopodidae,
Gasterophilidae, Formicidae, Histeridae, Dermestidae,
Cleridae, Lycidae, Staphilinidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Saturniidae
and Therevidae were collected. Also a few species from the
family Ixodidae (Arachnidae) were collected during the
decomposition of the carrion. On account of their activity
and frequency, the Calliphorid species, Lucilia
rufifacies were the insects of greatest forensic
importance. These blowflies were the early colonizers of the
carrion in both seasons and remained throughout the
decomposition process. Temperature, though, important in
controlling decomposition rates of carrion, could not
account for the differences in decomposition rates observed
between the two seasons. Rainfall delayed colonization of
carrion during both seasons and this might have played a
major role in the delayed rate of degradation observed
during the wet season. The succession patterns were typical
for the seasonal periods and provide data on baseline fauna
important for estimating postmortem interval in cases of
human death in Ghana. |
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