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| ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological
Science November 2018 | Vol. 13 No.
11 |
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Title: |
Morpho-physiological changes
of jatropha curcas leaves cultivated in marginal land under
rain fed condition |
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Author (s): |
Asim Muhammad, Muhammad Ishfaq
and Nisar Ahmad |
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Abstract: |
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.)
used as a source of biofuel is well documented. The
physiological parameters of Jatropha have received less
attention. In the present study, research was designed to
evaluate the Morpho-Physiological study of leaf quality of
Jatropha. An experiment was carried out in research field of
Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology,
Bannu during 2012. One year old J. curcas using 1.8m and
1.8m plant to plant distance. Randomized Completed Block
Design was applied and experiment was replicated three
times. One year old Jatropha plants were used to collect ten
leaves from each canopies. Three canopies height (branches)
from the ground were selected i.e 60-80cm (lower canopy),
100-120cm (Middle canopy) and 160-180cm (upper canopy).
Lower canopy (60cm) leaves showed maximum Chlorophyll-a
(2.2mg/g), Chlorophyll-b (1.933mg/g), Carotenoid
(0.100mg/g), total chlorophyll content (4.133mg/g) and leaf
area (946.267cm2). Upper canopy leaves (180cm) recorded
maximum relative water content (90.10%) and increased leaf
relative membrane permeability (28.6%). As minimum relative
membrane permeability (17.3%) was observed in middle leaves.
It is concluded that lower canopy leaves were more efficient
and have potential for all photosynthetic process of plant. |
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Title: |
Predicting resistant starch
and resistant starch type 1 from particle size distribution
in raw- milled barley grains |
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Author (s): |
Ghaid J. Al-Rabadi |
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Abstract: |
Resistant starch (RS) is well
accepted as a complex carbohydrate which is resistant to
digestion in the small intestine by alpha amylase with
potential health and nutritional benefits. Resistant starch
type 1 (RS1) is physically enclosed form of the starch and
represents a major fraction of raw starch in raw milled
grains. Quantifying both RS and RS1 in milled raw grains is
necessary to determine its fate in the digestive system. The
objective of this study is to predict RS and RS1 in raw
milled barley grains by knowing particle size distribution
after milling. Obtained different particle size in raw
milled barley grains were fractionated by using sieves with
different sizes (0.125mm, 0.250mm, 0.50mm, 1.0mm, 1.70 mm,
and 2.8mm) and pan. Starch in each segregated particle size
was in vitro digested for 120 minutes to determine extent of
RS and RS1. As expected, this study showed that RS and RS1
increased with increasing particle size. This study revealed
the existent of excellent correlation (coefficient of
determination (Rē) = 0.99) between extent of RS1 (y) for raw
grains and reciprocal of particle size (x) after segregation
by sieving process (y = -19.09x + 59.90). Furthermore,
excellent linear correlation (R2=0.98) is existed between
reciprocal of starch digestibility (i.e 1/ (100-RS)) and
uncooked particles size (x) after segregation by sieving
process (y =100x-0.015). It can be concluded that both RS
and RS1 are perfectly correlated with different uncooked
particle size obtained by sieving analysis. Incorporation of
predetermined particle size distribution in both animal and
human diets can predicate the extent of RS and RS1 with
potential health and nutritional benefits. |
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