Secondary distribution substation real-time fault monitoring and control system: A case study of XY university low voltage substation
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Author |
Aderonke O. Akinwumi, Imhade P. Okokpujie, Stella I. Monye, Remilekun R. Elewa and Oluwatosin A. Banjoko
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e-ISSN |
1819-6608 |
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On Pages
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1560-1571
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Volume No. |
20
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Issue No. |
18
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Issue Date |
December 30, 2025
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DOI |
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Keywords |
real-time monitoring, substation, sms, technical losses, energy management, sustainability, energy, power monitoring, voltage, current, wireless communication.
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Abstract
Energy efficiency and sustainability have become increasingly important matters because traditional monitoring systems, based on manual readings and aggregate data, are no longer effective. The increasing global energy requirements, along with outdated power monitoring methods, necessitate the development of intelligent systems that can quickly manage energy consumption. The time lapse in fault detection caused by voltage variations, outages, and power overloads leads to technical losses, equipment breakdowns, and other electrical hazards. This paper reports the design and development of a low-voltage real-time fault monitoring and control system that provides real-time SMS notifications and feedback on localised power status using one of the secondary substations in XY as the test bed. The critical shortcomings of conventional power monitoring methods, which are often time-consuming, costly, and susceptible to human error, typically rely on manual inspections and static reports, which are addressed. Real-time SMS alerts, along with interactive feedback integrated in the system design, helped the system deliver an improved method for detecting power consumption anomalies during their actual occurrence and monitoring energy usage at all times. Through modern wireless communication systems combined with sensors, the system evaluates power data in real-time, which helps managers and engineers quickly identify and resolve issues. This project powers measurement of voltage, current, power, and energy on each phase with about 2.5% improvement in accuracy, transmits hourly, daily SMS digests (network lag <1 minute), and sends immediate over-current warnings at 80A. The developed prototype demonstrates stable real-time measurement, advanced notification, and functional forecasting capabilities in the context of energy management.
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