Toxicological and biochemical effects of Mentha pulegium L and Cupressus sempervirens L essential oils on the pine processionary caterpillar: In vitro and in vivo assessment
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Author |
Amel Hammani, Nassima Behidj, Dahou Moutassem and Hassina Guergour
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e-ISSN |
1819-6608 |
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On Pages
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1612-1622
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Volume No. |
20
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Issue No. |
18
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Issue Date |
December 30, 2025
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DOI |
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Keywords |
thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff, insecticidal, bioactive compounds, energy biomarkers.
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Abstract
The essential oils of Cupressus sempervirens L (C. sempervirens) and Mentha pulegium L(M. pulegium), rich in α-ocimene, δ-3-carene (27.43%) and pulegone (72.68%), respectively, were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against Thaumetopoea pityocampa (T. pityocampa ) (Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775). In ingestion bioassays, M. pulegium EO showed the highest efficacy, reaching 100% mortality at 150 µL/mL for L4 and L5 instars, with LC50 values of 38.835 and 33.835 µL/mL.C. sempervirens essential oil exhibited the highest toxicity against third-stage T. pityocampaSchiff larvae, with LC50 values of 13.02 µL/mL (ingestion) and 47.59 µL/mL (contact), and corrected mortality up to 100%. Fumigant bioassays confirmed complete mortality of L4 larvae at 100ul/mL (LC50 = 22.1 µL/mL). In vivo, larval survival dropped from 100% to 0% within 18 days, and biochemical analyses revealed significant depletion of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein reserves.
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