Title: |
Production
and refining of corn oil from hominy feed: A by-product of dehulling operation |
Author (s): |
M. Abdulkadir
and G. I. Abubakar |
Abstract: |
The focus of this work is to
produce and refine corn oil from the by-product of the local
dehulling/degermination of corn with soxhlet apparatus using
n-hexane as solvent. The extraction was done for duration of
three and six hours using 12g each of unsieved sample and
various fractions of the sample. Average oil yield were 14.28%
and 14.50% for extraction time of three and six hours
respectively. The extracted crude oil was refined to improve
its quality by degumming, alkali refining and decolourization.
Both the crude and refined corn oil was analyzed to determine
some of their properties and subsequently, the results were
compared with standard values. There were indications that the
oil yield of the sample can be improved upon for it to serve
as raw material for the production of corn oil. |
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Title: |
Heat transfer
in a rectangular enclosure with baffles |
Author (s): |
M. R. Asif,
M. S. Hossain and K. A. Hossain |
Abstract: |
A numerical study has been
carried out to investigate the mixed convective two
dimensional flows in a vertical enclosure with heated baffles
on side walls. All walls are assumed to be adiabatic, but
baffles are considered as isothermally heated. Thus, cold flow
is imposed through an opening at the bottom of the left wall
and by taking heat from the baffles the fluid becomes heated
and exits through outlet at the top of the right wall of the
enclosure. Heated baffles are placed both at the left and
right wall of the enclosure. The present study simulates a
practical system such as a silencer. The consequent
mathematical model is governed by the coupled equations of
mass, momentum and energy and these equations are discritized.
The discritized equations with specified boundary conditions
are sought by Successive under Relaxation (SUR) method. A wide
range of pertinent parameters such as Reynolds number 50 ≤ Re
≤ 300, Richardson number 0 ≤ Ri ≤ 10 and Prandtl number 0.01 ≤
Pr ≤ 2.0 are considered in the present study. Various results
such as the streamlines, isotherms, heat transfer rates in
terms of the average Nusselt number and temperature and also
heating efficiency in the enclosure are presented for
different parameters. It is observed that Maximum heating
efficiency is found at higher value of Reynolds and Richardson
number. |
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Title: |
A
mathematical model of four species syn-ecosymbiosis comprising
of prey-predation, mutualism and commensalisms-I (Fully washed
out state) |
Author (s): |
R. Srilatha,
B. Ravindra Reddy and N. Ch. Pattabhiramacharyulu |
Abstract: |
This investigation deals with a
mathematical model of a four species (S1, S2,
S3 and S4) Syn-Ecological system (Fully
Washed out State). S2 is a predator surviving on
the prey S1: the prey is a commensal to the host S3
which itself is in mutualism with the fourth species S4.
S2 and S4 are neutral. The mathematical
model equations characterizing the syn-ecosystem constitute a
set of four first order non-linear coupled differential
equations. There are in all sixteen equilibrium
points. Criteria for the asymptotic stability of one of the
sixteen equilibrium points: the fully washed out state is
established. The linearised equations for the perturbations
over the equilibrium point are analyzed to establish the
criteria for stability. The system is noticed to be locally
stable. Trajectories of the perturbations have been
illustrated. |
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Title: |
Resonant
frequency variation of rectangular patch antenna due to
accumulation of water over its surface |
Author (s): |
Rajeev R.
Wakodkar, Samik Chakraborty and Bhaskar Gupta |
Abstract: |
Micro strip or patch antennas
are at the forefront of modern wireless communication
revolution of the recent times. This paper investigates and
proposes empirical expressions and neural network model for
resonant frequency variation of rectangular patch antenna -
such as one mounted flush with rooftop of a vehicle - due to
accumulation of water over its surface in rainy condition. The
effect is investigated for several frequency bands of interest
of modern wireless communication. Empirical expressions for
the change in operating frequency with respect to accumulated
water layer thickness are presented for rectangular patch
antennas without radome and with radome (which is flush with
patch surface) of various thicknesses. Finally, an Artificial
Neural Network (ANN) is proposed as generalized model and
better alternative for empirical expressions. |
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Title: |
A review of
friction stir welding of AA 6061 aluminium alloy |
Author (s): |
N. Bhanodaya
Kiran Babu, A. Prabhu Kumar and M. Joseph Davidson |
Abstract: |
This paper discuss about the
friction stir welding of joining heat treatable aluminium
alloys for aerospace and automobile industries. These welded
joints have higher tensile strength to weight ratio and finer
microsturcture. FSW of aluminium alloys have the potential to
hold good mechanical and metallurgical properties. The aim of
this study was to investigate the effect of process parameters
on the tensile strength of the welded joints. |
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Title: |
Stress and
load-displacement analysis of fiber-reinforced composite
laminates with a circular hole under compressive load |
Author (s): |
Manoharan R.
and Jeevanantham A. K. |
Abstract: |
This paper is focused on the analysis of
stress-strain and displacement for compressive load on the
fibre-reinforced composite laminates. Three different
orientations of fibers are analyzed with and without the
circular cut-outs. Also different dimensions of circular
cut-outs are applied on the laminates at different compressive
loading conditions. This analysis is carried out using the
finite element software ANSYS. From the result, it is
identified that cross-ply composite laminates posses the
highest strength as compared to other types of angle
orientations. Also it is concluded that the maximum load
bearing capacity decreases as the cut-out size increases. |
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Title: |
Design,
fabrication and performance analysis of a planetary roll mill
for fine grinding |
Author (s): |
Ajaka E. O.
and Akinbinu V. A. |
Abstract: |
Reducing
milling cost in mineral processing is a problem that has
defiled all serious attempts while milling still takes up to
60% of comminution cost. The planetary roll mill is a new
innovation for faster and finer grinding. It is designed and
fabricated with grinding rolls rotating in a number of arms
inside a grinding sphere. A test run of the complete machine
with crushed granite and sandstone shows that the machine
grinds to fine consistency within a short period of time. A
comparison of the products of the machine with that of a
standard Denver Laboratory Ball Mill shows that the machine is
about 30% more efficient than the ball mill in terms of
duration of grinding to a particular size consistency. One
advantage of the planetary roll mill is that is can be used as
a ball mill if the need arises. It is therefore recommended
that this mill be developed for both research and industrial
uses. |
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Title: |
Bi-conical
linear array analysis for non uniform amplitude excitation
methods |
Author (s): |
C. Subba Rao
and A. Sudhakar |
Abstract: |
Five element linear biconical
array is proposed in this paper. The response of the array for
standard non uniform amplitude excitations such as binomial
and Dolph chebyscheff distributions are considered. Variation
of radiation patterns in horizontal, vertical plane, Gain,
beam width, side lobe levels and Directivity are critically
investigated. Behavior of Impedance, scattering parameters of
the biconical dipole with frequency in array operation are
elucidated. The response of the array and levels of various
parameters for binomial and Dolph chebyscheff amplitude
excitations are critically compared and contrasted. Plots for
various parameters are presented. Simple techniques for
controlling side lobe levels and beam width of linear
biconical dipole array are introduced. |
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Title: |
Planar
inverted-F antenna on liquid crystal polymer substrate for PCS, UMTS
and WIBRO applications |
Author (s): |
B. T. P.
Madhav, VGKM Pisipati, N. V. K Ramesh, Habibulla Khan and P. V.
Datta Prasad |
Abstract: |
In recent years, the demand for
compact handheld communication devices has grown
significantly. Devices having internal antennas have appeared
to fill this need. Antenna size is a major factor that limits
device miniaturization. In the past few years, new designs
based on the microstrip antennas (MSA) and planar inverted-F
antennas have been used for handheld wireless devices because
these antennas have low-profile geometry and can be embedded
into the devices. This paper presents a planar inverted F
antenna on liquid crystal polymer substrate for PCS, UMTS and
WIBRO applications. The proposed model is designed and
simulated using Ansoft-HFSS. Return loss, input impedance
smith chart, 3D-gain; 2D-gain, gain-phi, gain-theta, VSWR,
E-field, H-field and Mesh generation are presented from the
simulation results. |
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Title: |
Effects of UV
curing exposure time to the mechanical and physical properties
of the epoxy and vinyl ester fiber glass laminates composites |
Author (s): |
J. Ramli and
A. R. Jeefferie |
Abstract: |
Ultra-violet (UV) curing process
is introduced in the curing of polymer matrix composites (PMC)
for the application in producing bullet proof vest. Two types
of adhesives or matrix materials were used: epoxy and vinyl
ester. Each of them were mixed together with different types
of photoinitiator; Bisacyl Phosphine Oxide (BaPO) and Alpha
Hydroxyl Ketone Peroxide (AHK) at 1.0 per hundred of resin (phr)
from the total proportion of the mixture. Sandwich
construction of the PMC was done by hand lay-up process where
the mixture was wiped on the fiber layers. Samples were then
cured under various duration times which are 3, 6, 9 and 12
minutes to compare the overall quality of produced composites
under the exposure of the UV light. The laminate was then
tested to determine its characteristics of physical properties
and its behavior to the applied loads. Morphological
observation through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was
performed in order to evaluate the quality of adhesion between
each fiber layer and matrix wetting behavior. Vinyl ester is
not recommended to be used as the matrix since two days is
required to make it fully cured unlike epoxy which was cured
rapidly once exposed under UV light. On the other hand, the
effect of curing time shows the optimum result for density was
obtained at 12 minutes of curing time. Curing time between 6
to 9 minutes is found to be optimum for tensile strength
value. Three minutes of curing under UV light exposure caused
maximum value in penetration resistance or hardness for the
resulted composite laminates. |
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Title: |
Optimal
dispatching in a periodically review in on-line manufacturing
system with vendors evaluation |
Author (s): |
Dipak Ranjan
Jana, K. V. Santha Kumari and B. K. Singh |
Abstract: |
This paper, we consider dynamic
dispatching control of a fully flexible online manufacturing
system. Hence, vendors, who supply the materials, play an
important role in this system. So, selection of vendors is
much important. In a periodically reviewed, online
manufacturing system where materials are dispatched from a
central control station to different manufacturing sales.
After production process, the parts are routed to inspection
and quality control room. Hence optimal dispatching policies
are pursued to minimize the in-process inventory carrying /
holding cost over finite horizon. A dynamic programming
formulation is developed for optimal dispatching which shows
that the dynamic recursive functions (i.e. cost – to go –
function) are convex and monotonic under the condition of low
defects rates and relative low cost material handling. From
the derivation we conclude that optimal dispatching sales for
a combination of zero inventory and Non- zero inventory
policies. Thus, the optimal input control is proved to be in
the form a pulling system |
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