|
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
Sciences
May 2011 | Vol. 6 No. 5 |
|
|
Title: |
Regression
modeling for strength and toughness evaluation of hybrid fibre
reinforced concrete |
Author (s): |
S. Eswari, P.
N. Raghunath and S. Kothandaraman |
Abstract: |
This paper presents regression
equations for evaluating the strength and toughness of hybrid
fibre reinforced concrete (HFRC). A total of 102 concrete
specimens were tested to study the effect of hybrid fibre
reinforcement on the strength and toughness of fibre
reinforced concrete. The fibre content dosage Vf
ranged from 0.0 to 2.0 percent. Steel and Polyolefin fibres
were combined in different proportions and their impact on
strength and toughness studied. Addition of 2.0 percent by
volume of hooked-end steel fibres increases the modulus of
rupture and toughness by about 58.78% and 19.27% respectively,
when compared to the plain concrete. When the fibres were used
in a hybrid form, the increase in above study parameters was
about 81.0% and 31.42% respectively, when compared to the
plain concrete. Empirical expressions for predicting the
strength and toughness of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete (HFRC)
are proposed based on regression analysis. A close agreement
has been obtained between the predicted and experimental
results. |
|
|
|
Title: |
A bootstrap
test for equality of mean absolute errors |
Author (s): |
Naveen Kumar
Boiroju, Ramu Yerukala, M.Venugopala Rao and M. Krishna Reddy |
Abstract: |
In this
paper, a bootstrap test procedure for testing of
equality of mean absolute errors of two alternative time
series models is developed. Applicability of the bootstrap test is
explained using two numerical examples and the results
compared with the Sign test and Die bold-Mariano Test. |
|
|
|
Title: |
A new
technique to implement SVC in optimal power flow |
Author (s): |
Satyendra
Singh, Anurag Tripathi and K. S. Verma |
Abstract: |
The objective of an Optimal
Power Flow (OPF) algorithm is to find steady state operating
point which minimizes generation cost loss etc. or maximizes
social welfare, load ability etc. while maintaining an
acceptable system performance in terms of limits on
generators’ real and reactive powers, line flow limits, output
of various compensating devices etc. Traditionally, classical
optimization methods were used to effectively solve OPF. But
more recently due to incorporation of FACTS devices and
deregulation of a power sector, the traditional concepts and
practices of power systems are superimposed by an economic
market management. So OPF have become complex. In recent
years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods have emerged which
can solve highly complex OPF problems. The purpose of this
paper is to present a study of some optimization techniques
used to solve OPF problems and a technique for optimal sizing
and implementation of the SVC in optimal power flow. A 26-bus
system has been studied to show the effectiveness of the
algorithm. |
|
|
|
Title: |
Effect of
calcium carbonate, sillitin N85 and carbon black fillers on the
mechanical and electrical properties of the EPDM |
Author (s): |
A. A. El-Wakil
and A. A. Abd El-Megeed |
Abstract: |
The improvement of the service
life of rubber is dependent on the behavior of the white and
black fillers in rubber vulcanizates. The cross linking
density of the EPDM vulcanizates, which contain sillitin N85,
calcium carbonate, and SRF-black, was measured by using
untrasonic technique, pulse echo technique. The aim of this
work is to demonstrate the significance of the effect of the
fillers on the mechanical and electrical properties of the
EPDM. In order to demonstrate the significance of the effect
of the fillers, we studied the effect of the aging on the EPDM
vulcanizates, which contain sillitin N85, CaCO3,
and SRF. The cross linking density was determined by using the
ultrasonic technique. It was found, the fillers improves the
mechanical and electrical properties of the EPDM vulcanizates.
|
|
|
|
Title: |
Some result
on common fixed point theorem for a pair of asymptotically
non-expansive mappings in generalized s-convex metric space |
Author (s): |
Deo Brat Ojha,
Manish Kumar Mishra, Udayana Katoch and Priyanka Sharma |
Abstract: |
Let
x be
a
generalized
s-convex
metric
space,
and
let
Q,J be
a
pair
of
asymptotically
non-expansive mappings. In this
paper, we will
consider an Ishikawa type
iteration process
with errors
to approximate
the unique
common fixed
point of
Q and J. |
|
|
|
Title: |
Reduction of
NOx emissions in Jatropha seed oil-fueled CI engine |
Author (s): |
M. K.
Duraisamy, T. Balusamy and T. Senthilkumar |
Abstract: |
Internal combustion engines, which form an
essential part of the transportation as well as mechanized
agricultural system, have been badly affected by the twin
crisis. Many researchers have done a lot of experiment studies
in the field of biodiesel to find an alternative to mineral
diesel. It has shown that biodiesel-fueled engines produce
less carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon, and smoke
emissions compared to diesel fuel but higher NOx emissions.
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is effective to reduce NOx
from diesel engines because it lowers the flame temperature
and the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber. The
objective of this work is to investigate the usage of
biodiesel from Jatropha Seed Oil and EGR simultaneously in
order to reduce the emissions of all regulated pollutants from
diesel engine. A fully automated single-cylinder,
water-cooled, constant speed direct injection diesel engine
was used for experiments. HC, NOx, CO, and smoke of the
exhaust gas were measured to estimate the emissions. Various
engine performance parameters such as thermal efficiency, and
brake specific fuel consumption were calculated from the
acquired data. Application of EGR with biodiesel blends
resulted in reductions in NOx emissions without any
significant penalty in smoke emissions. |
|
|
|
Title: |
Evaluation of
mechanical properties of Al6061, fly ash and e-glass fiber
reinforced hybrid metal matrix composites |
Author (s): |
Arun Kumar
M. B. and R. P. Swamy |
Abstract: |
Flyash-eglass-Al6061 alloy composites having 2
wt%, 4 wt%, 6wt% and 8wt% of fly ash and 2 wt% and 6wt % of
e-glass fiber were fabricated by liquid metallurgy (stir cast)
method. The casted composite specimens were machined as per
test standards. The specimens were tested to know the common
casting defects using ultra-sonic flaw detector testing
system. Some of the mechanical properties have been evaluated
and compared with Al6061 alloy. Significant improvement in
tensile properties, compressive strength and hardness are
noticeable as the wt % of the fly ash increases. The
microstructures of the composites were studied to know the
dispersion of the fly ash and e-glass fiber in matrix. It has
been observed that addition of fly ash significantly improves
ultimate tensile strength along with compressive strength and
hardness properties as compared with that of unreinforced
matrix. |
|
|
|
Title: |
Performance
of the sacrificial galvanic anodes in rehabilitation of marine
structure at port Blair, Andaman and Nichobar islands, India |
Author (s): |
V. Rajendran
and R. Murugesan |
Abstract: |
In recent years, more and
more focus has been shifting towards repair and rehabilitation
of deficient concrete infrastructures rather than replacement,
either in full or replacing the structural members. While
carrying out the rehabilitation, one should keep in mind that
the methodology should have cost effective strategy and
durability. The deterioration caused by the corrosion of
reinforcing steel in concrete structures has been recognized
as one of the greatest maintenance challenges being faced by
many government agencies and other private owners including
the engineering contracting companies in the filed of
construction industry today. Technological advances have
created a wide range of new product and systems which claim to
provide long-lasting protection and serviceability for these
structures. However, in order to effectively address the
problem it is essential to first understand the cause of the
corrosion. The paper describes in detail the philosophy of the
corrosion and to evaluate the effect of having anodes
installed in the concrete members. The paper also describes in
detail investigations conducted on a corrosion damaged jetty
approach portion, the repair methodology suggested for the
rehabilitation of the structure and executed. The repair
methodology proposed included the provision of galvanic
anodes. The data presented on the monitoring of the repaired
jetty through half cell potential test conducted over a period
of one year from the time of completion of the repair to
assess the effectiveness of the sacrificial anodes. The
investigations have clearly demonstrated that galvanic anodes
have proved to be an effective corrosion control technique for
reinforced concrete structures. |
|
|
|
Title: |
The influence
of elastic springs and spring orientation on the draft force
during tillage operation |
Author (s): |
Soeharsono,
P. A. S Radite, M. Tineke, H. Wawan and S. Asep |
Abstract: |
This paper discusses the influence of spring
elasticity and spring orientation on the draft force during
tillage operation. The experiments were conducted in a soil
bin with the following dimensions: 1.2 m in length, 0.3 m in
width and 0.4 m in depth. The soil used in this experiment was
clay loam soil; the depth of the hardpan in the soil bin was
12 to 15 cm with a penetration resistance of 2.75MPa. The
depth of the tillage operation was 14 to 17 cm, and the
thickness of the hardpan to be tilled was 7 to 10 cm. The
tillage tool was connected to a fixed structure using a
semi-elliptical spring. The tillage speeds used were 0.158,
0.212 and 0.265 m/s. Two spring orientations were tested: Rear
Spring Treatment (RST) and Front Spring Treatment (FST)
orientations. In the RST orientation, the draft force raised
the elevation of the tillage tool tip, and the draft force
caused the tillage tool tip elevation
decrease in the FST orientation. Compared to rigid
tine, the average draft force in the FST orientation increased
up to 73 %, whereas a draft force reduction was found in the
RST orientation. |
|
|
|
Title: |
Densification
and mechanical properties of sintered powder metallurgy AISI
4340 steel preforms |
Author (s): |
J.
Arivudainambi, G. Ranganath and R. Mariappan |
Abstract: |
Powder Metallurgy (P/M)
manufacturing route has wide industrial applications due to a
host of techno-economic advantages. The present investigation
has been undertaken to develop and study the characteristics
of hot forged AISI 4340 High Strength Low Alloy Steels by
using elemental powders through powder metallurgical
techniques. The four different aspect ratios namely 0.25,
0.50, 0.75 and 0.90 were prepared by using 1 MN Capacity
hydraulic Universal Testing Machine. The green compacts have
been sintered at 1100±10°C in hydrogen atmosphere and
immediately forged at 1050±10°C by Friction Screw Press. Some
of the forged steels were homogenized at 1050±10°C for 1hr,
2hrs and 3hrs in an electrical muffle furnace. The forged and
homogenized AISI 4340 steels were subjected in to
densification studies and mechanical properties evaluation.
Lower aspect ratio preforms such as 0.25 and 0.50 exhibited
better densification properties. Two hours homogenized forged
steels exhibits better mechanical properties. |
|
|
|
Title: |
Performance
evaluation of bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) low-cost
micro irrigation lateral system |
Author (s): |
B. G. Umara,
I. Audu and A. U. Bashir |
Abstract: |
The
objective of this study was to
develop construction techniques and determine the application
uniformities of a bamboo low-cost micro irrigation lateral
system. Fresh bamboo stalks were sorted, dried and bored. The
system’s three 4 m long laterals made of bamboo tube with an
average internal diameter of 1.7 mm were connected to a bamboo
mainline pipe with an average diameter of 3 mm which receives
water from the plastic reservoir. The mean flow rate of
5.91 litres per hour through about 1.9 mm diameter emitters
falls within the acceptable discharge range for micro
irrigation systems. A systems performance assessment based on
standards for micro - irrigation systems was carried out.
Average discharge variations, coefficient of manufacturing
variation, emission uniformity, Christiansen coefficient of
uniformity and distribution efficiency were 30%, 9.8%, 73%,
92% and 88% respectively from the 1.9 mm emitter orifice fall
within the recommended values for micro-irrigation systems.
Method of orificing and cleansing of emitters should be
improved upon, so as to reduce the flow rate variations in the
emitters. |
|
|
|
Title: |
Integration
of HRV, WT and neural networks for ECG arrhythmias
classification |
Author (s): |
A. Dallali,
A. Kachouri and M. Samet |
Abstract: |
The classification of the
electrocardiogram registration (ECG) into different
pathologies disease devises is a complex pattern recognition
task. The registered signal can be decomposed into three
components, QRS complex, P and T waves. The QRS complex
represent the reference for the other ECG parameters; the
width and amplitude QRS have more important to identify the
ECG pathologies. The statistical analysis of the ECG indicate
that they differ significantly between normal and abnormal
heart rhythm, then, it can be useful in detection of ECG
arrhythmia. The traditional methods of diagnosis and
classification present some inconvenient; seen that the
precision of credit note one diagnosis exact depends on the
cardiologist experience and the rate of concentration. Due to
the high mortality rate of heart diseases, early detection and
precise discrimination of ECG arrhythmia is essential for the
treatment of patients. During the recording of ECG signal,
different form of noises can be superimposed in the useful
signal. The pre-treatment of ECG imposes the suppression of
these perturbation signals, three methods for the noisily of
signals are used; the time frequency domain, by Wavelet
Transform (WT). The features are extracted from wavelet
decomposition of ECG signal intensity. The inclusion of
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on feed forward back
propagation with momentum, in the diagnostic and
classification of ECG pathologies have very important yield
[1, 2]. The four parameters considered for ECG arrhythmia
classification are the interval RR, the QRS width, the QRS
amplitude, and the frequency of appears QRS. Due to the large
amount of input data, needed to the classifier, the parameters
are grouped in batches introduced to artificial neural
network. The classification accuracy of the ANNs introduced
classifier up to 90.5% was achieved, and a 99.5% of
sensitivity. |
|
|
|
Title: |
Nonlinear
damped oscillations: A case study of dysfunctions in smooth
pursuit eye tracking-I |
Author (s): |
C. V.
Pavankumar and N. Ch. Pattabhi Ramacharyulu |
Abstract: |
This paper presents a simple
deterministic model of dysfunctions of eye- tracking. The
model is formulated as a second order nonlinear ordinary
differential equation, incorporating non Hookesien cubic
restoring force. The equation is solved by employing a
perturbation technique with the nonlinear restoring force
coefficient as the perturbation parameter. Numerical
estimation of the displacement is computed for a wide spectrum
of the eye dysfunction. The significance of the effects of
time, the frequency and amplitude of the exiting force on
displacement has been discussed by adopting ANOVA technique.
The critical levels of time, amplitude and frequency have also
been noted to be at 5.59sec, 5.125 and 0.5798, respectively
corresponding to 0.05 level of significance. |
|
|
|
Title: |
Behavior of
ultra high performance concrete structures |
Author (s): |
Adel A. Al-Azzawi,
Ahmed Sultan Ali and Husam K. Risan |
Abstract: |
A study has been made through
this investigation to understand the behavior of UHPC members
with steel fibers by using two approaches: experimental
investigation of concrete mixes and simulation of the problem
studied by other researchers using finite elements.
Experimental investigation is carried out to obtain the
mechanical properties for two types of UHPC mixes, namely, the
type of pozzolanic admixture (Silica Fume and High Reactivity
Metakaolin) in addition to use three different values of steel
fibers volume fraction (1%, 1.5% and 2%). The finite element
method through the ANSYS computer program is used. The eight
node brick element is used to model the UHPC beams with
embedded steel fibers. The stress-strain curve in compression
for the UHPC with steel fibers is simulated by a nonlinear
elasto-plastic model which is terminated at the onset the
crushing. In tension, a smeared crack model with fix
orthogonal cracks has been used. The experimental data
obtained from other researchers is compared with the finite
element solution and good agreement between the results is
obtained. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate
the effects of type of pozzolanic admixture, volume fraction
of steel fibers and other solution parameters. Higher values
of compressive strength have been achieved using UHPC mixes
with Silica Fume in comparison with UHPC mix with High
Reactivity Metakaolin. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |