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ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences
March 2019 | Vol. 14 No. 5 |
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Title: |
Rainfall intensity probability for design of drainage system in
Basrah City, south of Iraq |
Author (s): |
Ali H. Al-Aboodi, Ayman Alak Hassan and Husham T. Ibrahim |
Abstract: |
The main objective of this research is to derive relationship between
rainfall intensity and recurrence interval at Basrah City, south of
Iraq. Four common frequency analysis techniques (Gumbel, Powell, VenTe
Chow, and Log Pearson Type III distribution) were used to develop this
relationship from observed rainfall intensity data during the interval
(1971-2000). The first three methods (Gumbel, Powell, and VenTe Chow)
presented similar estimated relationship between the rainfall
intensity and recurrence interval, while the estimated values of
rainfall intensity by Pearson Type III distribution method are higher
estimation compared with other methods, whilst, VenTe Chow method is
presented the minimum estimated values. Based on the estimated values of
rainfall intensity for recurrence intervals 25 and 50 year, the
appropriate values of rainfall intensity for design the road drainage
and highway drainage are 43 and 50 mm/hr respectively in Basrah City. It
is very useful to conduct a study in the future to evaluate the optimal
value of the recurrence interval for a set of possible design rainfall
recurrence intervals, according to this proposed interval, the
corresponding construction of drainage networks, maintenance and
operation costs are evaluated. |
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Title: |
Analysis of impact velocity of rice grain on impeller speed variation in
the centrifugal flow thresher by using CFD |
Author (s): |
Zaimar, Mursalim, Hammada Abbas and Supratomo |
Abstract: |
The use of a mechanical thresher could cause grain damage. This was due
to friction, collision, and impact factors. The impact velocity of rice
grain is one of the problems encountered by using the centrifugal flow
thresher. Therefore, the aimed of this research to analyze the impact
velocity of rice grain on the impeller speed variation in the
centrifugal flow thresher by using CFD. The input parameter that applied
of the CFD simulation is the impeller speed. While the output parameters
are total pressure, impact velocity, and normal contact stress of rice
grain. The simulation results indicated that the addition of the
impeller speed caused the total pressure, impact velocity, and normal
contact stress of the rice grain increased. The higher impact velocity
and normal contact stress of the rice grain were obtained of 24.1 m s-1
and 27.28 MPa respectively at 960 RPM impeller speed at the wall of the
fan housing. Based on approximating the critical stress of rice grain is
38.7 MPa so that could be predicted the critical impact velocity of the
rice grain of 31.9 m s-1. |
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Title: |
Optimization of fermentation to enhance ethanol production from palmyra
sap (borassus flabellifer) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
Author (s): |
Tri Widjaja, Ali Altway, Dennis Farina Nury and Toto Iswanto |
Abstract: |
Ethanol is widely needed in various field such as for making food and
beverages, pharmaceutical products, personal care and cosmetics, as well
as for medical and laboratory purposes. Palmyra is an agricultural
product which is abundant in Indonesia, especially in the coastal and
tropical area of East Java. Legen is known as traditional drinking juice
from fresh palmyra sap. It has high sugar content which reaches 10-15%,
that potential for ethanol raw material. In the present study, Palmyra
sap has been fermented in a batch-wise fermentor using Saccharomyces
cerevisiae in a working volume of 100 ml for 80 hours. The optimum
independent variables for the fermentation of palmyra sap such as pH,
initial inoculums, and sugar concentration have been investigated based
on the experimental design by central composite design (CCD)
recommendation in response surface methodology (RSM). The result of the
experiment at the optimum condition and theoretical prediction obtained
yield ethanol of 0.2221 (g/g) and 0.2368 (g/g), respectively. The
highest ethanol yield using Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 0.2368 (g/g)
obtained at pH 4.77, inoculums concentration of 12,740,970
(cell/ml)/(g.l-1), and sugar concentration of 110 g.l-1. The P-value of
interaction of variance was <0.005, indicated that the interaction
effect was significant. |
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Title: |
Analysis of the effect of climate change on rainfall intensity and
expected flooding by using ANN and SWMM programs |
Author (s): |
Basim K. Nile, Waqed H. Hassan and Ghofran A. Alshama |
Abstract: |
The flooding of the storm water network is caused by climate change,
land use change and an increase in urbanization and the wider
population. This study deals with the development of models to
extrapolate future change in rainfall events in order to protect the
infrastructure of the storm water network from flooding. The Al-Abbas
quarter in Karbala city, Iraq was selected as a case study. For the
first analysis, the effect of climate change on the predicted rainfall
intensity for the future period (2017-2070) depends on historical data
for the period of 1980-2016. This was conducted using the artificial
neural network (ANN) model. Following this, a Storm Water Management
Model (SWMM) model is constructed in order to assess the flood
conditions of the study area for expected rainfall intensities. The
results indicate that the maximum rainfall intensity will reach 46.48
mm/h. in 2067. This figure represents 400% of the design intensity. |
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Title: |
Uncertainty of spectral mismatch factor
for Spot White (LEDS) and
Compact Fluorescent Lamps |
Author (s): |
Manal A. Haridy |
Abstract: |
The present work focused on analyzed the uncertainty spectral mismatch
factor for Spot White Light Emitting Diodes Lamps (LEDs) and Compact
Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) by applied the method of ISO Guide to
Expression of Uncertainty in Measurements. The excel program build for
calculating the spectral mismatch correction factors and their
uncertainties from the spectral power distribution (SPDs). A set up
based on National Institute of standards of Egypt (NIS)
Spectroradiometer and the photometric bench used for measuring the
spectral power distribution of the test lamps against the NIS luminous
flux standard lamps. The spectral power distributions (SPDs) diagrams
for Spot White Light Emitting Diodes Lamps (LEDs) and Compact
Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) showed typical White LEDs and CFLs responses.
The results of spectral mismatch correction factors show that theses
mismatch values and their uncertainties could be added to the of
luminous flux measurements as correction. The color temperature of the
standard lamps varied from 2400 Kelvin to 2750 Kelvin which has effect
on the uncertainty. |
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Title: |
Systematic analysis and strategic review of MIMO-NOMA systems |
Author (s): |
Khaleelahmed S. K. and Venkateswara Rao N. |
Abstract: |
One of the effective technologies dealing with the transmission that
occurs at the overloaded condition with limited resource and improved
spectral efficiency is Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA).
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is used for fulfilling the demands
of 5G communication systems. Integration of both MIMO and NOMA
approaches is also explained in the previous researches for improving
the communication. The purpose of NOMA is for utilizing multiple access
into power domain for providing channel assignment and power allocation.
Thus, optimal power allocation is an important parameter in 5G
communication so as to utilize the NOMA systems effectively.
Accordingly, this survey presents different techniques in MIMO-NOMA
systems. Thus, this review article provides the detailed review of
research papers presenting various MIMO-NOMA methodologies. The papers
reviewed are classified into following types, namely Pilot based
techniques, Pre-coder based techniques, Beam forming based techniques,
Sum rate based techniques and Cluster-based techniques. Moreover, an
elaborative study and discussion are made by concerning fading channels,
antennas utilized, implementation tools and evaluation parameters
obtained by various techniques. Eventually, the research gaps and issues
of various MIMO-NOMA classification schemes are presented for extending
the researchers towards a better contribution of significant MIMO-NOMA
systems. |
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Title: |
Solvation methodology for separation and micro determination of lead
(II) in different sample |
Author (s): |
Sahar Aqeel Hussain and Safa Majeed Hameed |
Abstract: |
In this paper, separation, preconcentration and determination of Pb (II)
as solvation species have been achieved by using methyl isobutyl ketone
(MIBK) as an organic reagent. The spectrophotometric study of extracted
solvation species shows that maximum absorption wavelength is 287nm.
Accordingly, the experimental studies of extraction have optimum
concentration of salting out KNO3 to form solvation species with higher
extraction efficiency of 0.5M in the presence of 100µg of Pb+2 with
1×10-4 M from MIBK dissolved in chloroform and shaking the two layers
for 10 minutes. Besides, this study involves thermodynamic and
interferences investigations with application of spectrophotometric
determination of Pb(II) in different environmental and vital samples. |
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Title: |
A proficient method for human actor detection in video sequences |
Author (s): |
Anuradha Kalyanam and N. R. Raajan |
Abstract: |
The detection of human actors in scenes against static and dynamic
backgrounds has gained significance in numerous vision-based
applications. Numerous techniques were proposed to identify actors in
scenes with such backgrounds. This work offers a technique to identify
human actions with static background and changes in illumination. This
technique applies background modeling for recognizing the foreground.
The proposed approach also focuses on identifying actors in image
sequences with static background. The proposed approach was compared
with methods such as ViBe+, GMM and SGMM-OD. The comparisons were
performed on benchmark datasets viz., KTH, CAVIAR and CDnet. The outcome
of evaluations reveals that, this approach produces accurate and
improved results. |
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Title: |
Quality improvement of the voltage level in the transmission lines using
Static Var Compensator Controllers |
Author (s): |
Raghad Hameed Ahmed |
Abstract: |
In these aspects Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology
with relatively low investment, compared to new transmission or
generation facilities allows the industries to enhance power system
performance, improve quality of supply and also provide an optimal
utilization of the existing resources. FACTS devices are divided as
Shunt controller and Series controller. Shunt controller called Static
Var Compensator (SVC) are used for power factor correction and to
improve voltage profile. The modeling and simulation results obtained in
MATLAB software too. |
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Title: |
Proximate analysis and metabolizable energy of poultry feeds |
Author (s): |
Ofori H., Amoah F., Arah I. and Krampah E. K. |
Abstract: |
The study was conducted to find the proximate analysis and metabolizable
energy values of feed samples sold in Ho Municipal. It also assay to
establish variations in the feed samples. Moisture content, crude
protein, ash, fat, carbohydrates and energy values of the feed samples
were studied. Levene’s test and ANOVA were used to ascertain the
variability among the feed samples at P = 0.05. Results obtained were
compared with Ghana Standard Authority (GSA) and National Research
Council (NRC) recommended values for poultry feeds. The results shown
some discrepancies in the means of the feed samples at p = 0.05. Minimum
fat contents were found inlayer mash feed and grower mash feed
respectively at 2.02 % and the maximum was found in broiler starter feed
at 4.60 %. The mean moisture contents of all the feed sampled fell below
GSA baseline of 12%. The crude protein content values for grower mash
and layer mash feeds were highly in deviation from the mean, and were
respectively at 3.32% and 3.33%.There were significant differences among
the mean feed composition at p = 0.05. Some of the feed compositions
were inconsistence with recommended baseline stated by GSA. Quality and
standards are vital to ensure farmers security to feeds and growth of
birds, for this reason frequent monitoring and feed analysis by
authorities are key to ensure feed standardization. |
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Title: |
Kinematic, dynamic modeling and design of A P-D controller for a
four-degree-of-freedom robot |
Author (s): |
Juan Gabriel Jimenez Perdomo, Oscar Andres Otalora Castro, Jorge Luis
Aroca Trujillo and Ruthber Rodriguez Serrezuela |
Abstract: |
In this work the kinematic and dynamic modeling of an industrial robot
with four degrees of freedom is obtained. The kinematic model is found
and validated through the Matlab software. For the design of the
controller, a proportional and derivative feedback (P-D) is selected to
determine the control signal, generating a linear PD driver feedback
linearization type using Matlab / Simulink. The main current
bibliographical references for the kinematic and dynamic analysis of
industrial robots are taken into account for this work. |
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Title: |
Petrol quality analysis for different level of adulteration using
thermal imaging and GLCM features |
Author (s): |
R. Ganesan and K. Somasundaram |
Abstract: |
The most common adulterants in petrol is kerosene. The combination of
kerosene and petrol affects the engine working and pollutes the
environment as a whole. In this paper, a novel thermal image processing
based approach applies to detect the presence of adulteration in fuel.
The GLCM (Gray level co-ocurrence matrix) algorithm apply to detect fuel
adulterants in a given sample. Test results shows, GLCM algorithm
detects adulterants in fuel with 98% accuracy. |
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Title: |
Key node selection network analysis and centrality measurements on a
dataset of cancer documents |
Author (s): |
V MNSSVKR Gupta and CH.V. Phani Krishna |
Abstract: |
Network analysis deals with interdisciplinary study of analyzing
relationships. Networks possess inherent topological characteristics and
integrate multiple sources of high throughput data. A dataset which
contains 1000 article titles on cancer disease were considered to
evaluate the importance of centrality measurements of nearly 47 cancer
genes, and their associated data is also considered to select the most
central group of nodes from a network. Centrality analysis revealed that
the variable “cancer” and “patient” were reported to have high values
than others which suggest the fact that these two parameters are highly
influential in communicating with other nodes. Further, key node
selection analysis comprising eight centrality measurements resulted in
“cancer” as the most central group of nodes from a network. |
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Title: |
Novel flowchart to compute moment magnification for long R/C columns |
Author (s): |
Abdul Kareem M. B. Al-Shammaa and Ehsan Ali Al-Zubaidi |
Abstract: |
For computing moment magnification and then design R/C columns with
rectangular or circular sections, there is a number of procedural steps
and equations provided by ultimate strength design method according to
ACI-Code. The large number of equations and fork of solution steps
causes a lot of confusion and boredom for the students or designers.
Having consulted the most common and authoritative textbooks that dealt
with design of reinforced concrete structures as well as my long
experience in teaching reinforced concrete material. I have concluded
that the novel flowchart according to ACI 318-2011 has more effect to
give beginner engineering students speed to achieve design steps by less
time and effort. This study focuses on compression members within braced
(nonsway) or unbraced (sway) frames which have rectangular or circular
sections subjected to axial compression loads and uniaxial moment.
Finally, the author has enabled to draw a simplified flowchart to track
steps of moment magnification easily and conveniently by using SI units. |
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Title: |
Ventilation systems failure prediction on the basis of the stochastic
branching processes mathematical model |
Author (s): |
Valentin I. Gorshkov, Tamara I. Koroleva and Evgeny G. Ezhov |
Abstract: |
The article considers a procedure of reliability evaluation of
ventilation systems on the basis of controlled stochastic branching
processes. The ventilation system under study is presented as a set of
four main subsystems-modules interacting in the process of operation.
The reliability indicators of functioning of the considered modules are
defined, i.e. the probability of failure-free operation, average
failure-free running time and indicator of durability - technical
resource. As part of the research, a software and methodological complex
was developed on the basis of the resulting mathematical model. |
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Title: |
Logistic regression scoring index for detection of interstitial lung
disease |
Author (s): |
Norliza, M. Noor, Ahmad F. Roseli, Zuriani Dahlan, Rosminah M. Kassim,
Ashari Yunus and Omar M. Rijal |
Abstract: |
The decision for a lung transplant requires the knowledge of the
severity of interstitial lung disease (ILD). A manual scoring sheet was
developed for discriminating ILD cases from non-ILD cases based on
eleven indicators selected by the radiologist. The manual scoring sheet
requires the radiologists to score the severity of general ILD from
visual inspection on the changes of lung tissue using the high
resolution computed tomography images. This paper investigates the use
of logistic regression in developing a scoring index, , to investigate
the presence of ILD. The result shows that the scoring index, , is
robust and has discriminatory potentials. The threshold (c, d) having
values (0.7, 0.24) allowed correct classifications of 80% of ILD cases
and 61% of non-ILD cases in a total sample of 134 cases. This study
suggests that may be used as a simple and practical scoring index in
initial investigations for ILD detection. |
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Title: |
Study and optimization of advanced heat
sinks for processors |
Author (s): |
Luca Piancastelli, Luca Sportiello, Eugenio Pezzuti and Stefano Cassani |
Abstract: |
The main task of this project is the development of a modular heat
exchanger to dissipate a TDP (Total Dissipated Power) of 140-180 W on a
microprocessor. This exchanger should be able to dissipate the reference
target TDP respecting the maximum operating temperatures (above these
temperatures the CPU goes into thermal throttle) and the longevity
temperatures (lower than the thermal throttle temperatures). This result
should be achieved while providing product versatility (based on the
concept to adapt the exchanger to each socket), acceptable noise,
acceptable size and cost. The heart of the project is the design of a
suitable fin surface to protect processors with high TDP. In this case,
a significant increase in fan speed and in the size of the finned body
is inevitable. In this way, an increase in the heat removal is obtained
by larger airflow rate (high number of revolutions of the fan) and the
large exchange surface. Considering the impact of these changes, the
design of the exchanger is extremely critical in terms of size and noise
level. Another physical limit is represented by the progressive and
unavoidable phenomenon of electro migration that afflicts each circuit,
the more the temperatures separate from those of longevity, the lower
the useful life of the CPU. Once the longevity temperature is exceeded,
the useful life of the processor decreases with increasing temperatures
until the thermal throttle temperature is reached, which causes an
abnormal system shutdown. The processors with a TDP from 65W to 95W are
the most numerous. For this reason, most aftermarket solutions are
designed to dissipate this TDP. The main purpose of this study is to
examine the best geometry for a modular exchanger that is able to
effectively dissipate the higher TDP (up to 180W) typical of modern high
performance processors. For this purpose the Golden-section search is
introduced for optimizing the number of fins. The heat exchange is
simulated with fluid dynamic simulations (CFD). This new study allows
obtaining an optimal design for the construction of the exchanger. The
use of an optimal finned surface avoids the use of heat pipes. This
approach simplifies the design. Moreover, by using materials with high
thermal conductivity (such as copper alloys instead of aluminium alloys)
we can certify the heat exchanger for TDP larger than the design one and
therefore cope with even higher thermal loads. In this way, we can also
effectively dissipate very performant CPUs (very uncommon) with
extremely high TDPs such as FX-9590 with a 220W TDP (declared by the
manufacturer AMD), maintaining in any case temperatures below the
maximum thermal specifications. |
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Title: |
Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on SI engine performance and
emissions |
Author (s): |
Osama Ghazal |
Abstract: |
One of the main challenges for the engine manufacturers is to reduce
engine emissions to match Euro IV and Euro V standards. Many techniques
have been adopted to improve the combustion process and reduce
emissions. In this study, the effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
on performance and emissions of 4-cylinders Gasoline engine was
investigated. A model was built using GT-Power professional software.
The model was equipped with catalytic converter and EGR controller. The
EGR were varied from 0.2 to 0.05 fraction. The engine speed was 4000 rpm
and kept constant for all simulation runs. The engine torque, power,
efficiency, fuel consumption, and emissions were calculated and
discussed. The results showed that, the decrease of EGR ratio increase
engine torque, power, and brake efficiency; while decrease fuel
consumption. Moreover, the increase of EGR ratio resulting in decreased
NO and HC and increased CO emissions. |
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Title: |
Influence of elements of the “driver-car-road-environment” system on
emergence of the transport jam |
Author (s): |
Vladimir Baskov, Anton Ignatov, Pavel Gamayunov and Shamil Igitov |
Abstract: |
The article deals with the traffic intensity indicator as one of the
factors influencing the risk of traffic congestion. On transport delays,
which, with increasing duration, are transformed into transport
congestion, various factors affect the geometric parameters of the road,
the mode of operation of traffic lights, the presence of parked cars on
the carriageway, the geographical scheme of the road network, traffic
accidents, the psychophysiological state of the driver, the level of his
professional training and others. The combination of these factors has a
significant impact on traffic intensity and throughput of highways. The
change in intensity is described by the times of the year, by the days
of the week and by the hours of the day. An example of the change in
traffic intensity by the seasons on the central part of the Saratov road
network in 2016-2017 is given. A model for calculating the risk of
traffic congestion at regulated intersections is presented, on the basis
of which the dependence of this indicator on the magnitude of traffic
intensity is displayed. The results obtained and the physical meaning is
compared with the data of the main transport flow diagram. The maximum
risk values for each category of traffic conditions are shown taking
into account the risk of traffic congestion, the result of which defines
the categories of conditions of traffic flow. Based on the obtained
data, the average speed of the transport stream is determined, at which
its state can be characterized as congestion. As an example, the
cartogram of the section of the surveyed street-road network is shown. A
description is given of the mutual influence of the psychophysiological
characteristics of the driver, road and meteorological conditions on the
traffic regime. |
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Title: |
Combustion chamber design for efficient
heat transfer |
Author (s): |
Kshitij Kasturia, Abhishek Saha, Aayush
Singhal, Satish Shenoy B. and Chandrakant R. Kini |
Abstract: |
A
combustion chamber of an engine operating at really high temperature
expels a hot stream of gas and thus, may be equipped with a cooling
device. To achieve a lower temperature around the combustion chamber, a
valve facing the combustion chamber in which engine oil is circulated
with the help of valve stems which are equipped with oil introduction
channels may be used or alternatively, the combustion chamber may have
depressions formed in such a way that the stable outer layer of the
stream of gas that that is formed around the inner wall of the
combustion chamber is hydrodynamically destabilized in the area of the
depressions during the operation of the engine. |
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