Grass cutter is one of the significant home appliances especially among the country side. The existing grass cutter machine in agriculture field usually using kerosene as their fuel source to operate the machine. However, by using fuel source, combustion process will occur and will pollute the environment with toxic gas which can lead to thinning of ozone layer and disease. Moving to improvement of grass cutter machine, we can conclude that with the improvement of the machines comes greater prices. This will make the people comes hard to buy the expensive one. Due to the high price, many people will buy the cheaper machines which they can afford. This can be seen easily in Malaysia where we can see many people will use the string trimmer to cut the grass. The string trimmer is a semi manual machines which requires humans to use it to cut the grass. The machines are quite heavy and after a period of time using the machines; it will lead to shaking and back-ache of the user. This will lead to serious safety issues. The idea of controlling a grass cutter machines is quite simple with the use of Arduino and some electrical devices. The grass cutter machines are control by Arduino which control the directions to moves forward, backward, right, left and stop. The control of direction is being help with the use of L298N motor driver which receive the signal from the Arduino to control the direction of the motor. Besides, it uses a simple voice recognition that all user can get from Google Play store to communicate with the grass cutter machines. The motor has two roles in this system which is to control the direction of grass cutter and also the cutting process of the machines. At last, the goal of creating this grass cutter machines are to create a low cost machines where all people can buy it thus preventing a health issues to the user and also creating a low budget grass cutter machines where all user can afford.

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Due to the scarcity of fossil fuels, environmental pollution, global warming, the researcher in the power sectors seeking alternate sources of power generation. Based on these crises, renewable energy power generation is the alternative source of energy that is abundant and ecofriendly in nature. The study explores various renewable energy power generation resources and their utilities; but certain benefits make solar photovoltaic power generation lead over other renewable energy sources. The significant advantages of solar photovoltaic power generations are affordability, easy installation, noise-free, low-maintenance, etc. Although, yielding optimal energy and fixing the power quality issues are the real challenges in solar power generation. Literature exhibits the execution of traditional and modified techniques to fix power management and quality issues. Those techniques need a supplementary proposed strategy for performance enhancement. The study finds the design constrain in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) while powered by batteries and their limited lifetime need definite improvement in terms of performance and efficiency.

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LED driver is an electrical device that provides the required voltage and regulates the constant amount of power to the LED's needs or string of LEDs. This article presents the design and development of voltage references for an LED driver IC. Integrated circuit design in multiple device technologies such as an LED driver requires a built-in voltage reference circuit to convert a high voltage into an appropriate voltages level for internal usage. The design of voltage reference is started with the behavioral modeling of LED driver IC. The obtained parameters from the behavioral modeling were used as the specification for the design of voltage reference in a commercial X-Fab XDM10 1.0 µm 350 V process technology. The circuit consists of a series regulator, bandgap, and opamp-based regulator. It produces 1.2 V for VREF or VH, 0.4 V for VREF_EA, and 0.2 V for VL. The circuit was also used to generate 5 V internal supply voltage, VDD. These voltages vary only by 10 % across PVT.

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Polarimetric Tissue Imaging is a mounting strategy that utilizations polarized source beam light to assess the physical and physiological properties of experimental tissues. Polarization Ellipsometric strategies are utilized to grasp the diversity of polarization properties of light over experimental tissue. The extracted optical mark framework assists pathology department to analyse and survey the experimental tissue analysis and gives some information about the working of the experimental tissue. In this experimental tissue analysis the tissue are obtained from pathology lab of Reputed Medical College, Hyderabad, and are exploited for observing the Mueller values of the experimental tissue and extracting the De-polarization, Di-attenuation and Retardance pictures and to obtain its physical values. Situations to extract an unique Mueller values with pivoting optics are tended to besides are utilized to comprehend the polarization changes in the experimental tissue through a new pixel to pixel method, by means of the standardized Mueller values of the experimental tissue.

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The study aimed to increase the productivity and safety of longwall mining operations at the Taldinskaya-Zapadnaya-2 multiple-seam coal mine which is located in the Kuznetsk Basin (Russia). In order to study the impact of the mined-out coal seam ? 70 on stress distribution in the underlying coal seam ? 69 taking into account the mine layout adopted at the Taldinskaya-Zapadnaya-2 mine, numerical models were developed using the finite element method (FEM). Numerical models showing how the seams interact with each other were developed based on 3D models representing the rock mass containing the two coal seams, mine workings, and mining voids. To describe rock behaviour under stress, the Mohr-Coulomb model was used. Developing three rock mass models made it possible to describe both independently and jointly the impact of the high-stress zone created by the pillars and that of the abutment pressure zone in the panel being mined. As a result of the study, hazardous areas in the mine workings located under the edges of coal seam ? 70 were identified and recommendations for changing the parameters of the mine layout of coal seam ? 69 were given. The novelty of the study lies in developing a scientifically grounded approach to conducting studies of the interaction between multiple coal seams, which implies developing numerical models of how the zones of high stress and abutment pressure both independently and jointly influence the most hazardous areas identified in each longwall panel.

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Our research describes the development of a wireless data acquisition system (WDAS) for monitoring weather stations. It is based on a GSM/GPRS module with a SIM card, so that we can communicate with it as if it were a mobile phone, obtaining communication between the monitored systems and the data collection server. The proposed system consists of a set of sensors to measure meteorological parameters (solar radiation, solar torque, ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, rain, etc.). The LabVIEW program is used to process, display, and store the collected data on the PC disk. The system has a TFT LCD to show the values of the variables monitored by the weather station. The proposed architecture allows rapid development of the system. It has the advantage of flexibility and can be easily expanded to control renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic system. The measured parameters are available online through the Internet for any user.

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The indexing tables have recently become an increasing necessity for improving the precision and accuracy of angle measurement. The indexing table employs a vee and 3 balls kinematic location system and the plate having 3 balls is moved by cam shaft. Generally, commercially available indexing tables (except worm and worm wheel type and optical grating type indexing table) contain two step operations for indexing (i.e. lift up and rotate), but this new type of indexing table employs one step operation, lifting up and rotating simultaneously by using a cam shaft. The detailed profile of the cam shaft will be described in this paper and shows the mechanism of the indexing table. To hold the top disc on the body and lock the top disc on the vee, the indexing table employs a compression spring between the body and pindisc which is connected to the shaft by screws. To prevent movement of the spring during operating, a circular groove holds the one end of the spring, and the clearance between the spring and the bore of the pindisc is minimized to provide spring location. Also, a needle bearing is fitted between the spring and pin disc to prevent torsion and minimize friction.

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This paper is focused on turbulent heat transfer, enhancement in twisted triangular tube heat exchangers. Triangular twisted tube with (1m) length and (0.03m) diameter was tested for different twist ratios (5, 10 and 20) and Reynolds numbers (Re=5000 to 25000) consequently. The governing equations used in the analysis of the flow field and heat transfer are the momentum, continuity and energy equations. The numerical solution for turbulent flow field and heat transfer is governed by the techniques of a finite volume method with ANSYS Fluent 17.1. The computational data indicated that the twisted tube showed increasing in heat transfer as compared with a plain tube. The twisted ratio was the main affecting parameter for heat transfer improvement and friction losses. The numerical results are compared with published results and an acceptable agreement is achieved.

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In this paper, a novel selective block of different pixel sizes, between frames are processed for Frame Interpolation. The current frame is interpolated using previous and next frame. The previous and next frames are converted into blocks. Corresponding blocks are correlated, processed and concatenated after applying median of correlated values as threshold. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) metrics are used. The algorithm is applied on various standard video sequences with different block sizes and metrics are evaluated.

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This study aims to make coconut shell charcoal briquettes as stove fuel, to conduct the proximate, heating value and to test the performance of temperature, water boiling ability and the efficiency of three types of stoves before and after modification. The method used is an experimental method by utilizing waste coconut shell charcoal briquettes as stove fuel on three different types before and after modification. The results of combustion tests on three different types of stoves before and after modification indicated that the stove burners K’1 and K’3 were two types (codes) of the most superior briquette stove in terms of the boiling ability and modifications to suit the combustion efficiency (K’1 for 71.30 % and K’3 for 70.73.

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This paper developed GSM-Based smart glucose meter, a portable and mobile device to measure level of glucose in blood that effect our health in general. Eco-friendly technology brings advance to this new era of technology. Blood glucose care is one element in the care blood glucose levels at home. Diabetes is increasing now that this will delay the process of examination of the patient in hospital. For the elderly have to wait too long for their turn. Those who are suffering from diabetes, consists than about the elderly, therefore, this project are designed to facilitate the patient's health, going to hospital if necessary, since the patient will always checking glucose levels from time to time. Then a project designed to help patients control or determine the level of blood glucose at home and that information will be sent to the person responsible in a distance for diabetics using the GSM module to the mobile phone via SMS. Arduino board is used to measure blood glucose levels. This prototype is designed to be user friendly it can carry anywhere.

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Recently, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical applications is widely increased and demanded in order to handle, diagnosis, treats, and detect as many diseases as possible. The internet of thing (IoT) is a common abbreviations related to AI recent technology. This technology aims to connect and interpret the sensors applied to the patients in different places in an easy and flexible manner. In this paper, we proposed a healthcare system based on machine learning for orthopedic patients. The proposed system transfers the six biomechanical attributes derived from the shape and orientation of the pelvis and lumbar spine using IoT in order to classify these features. We utilizes supervised machine learning approaches linear regression, neural networks, support vector machine, and random forest as a classifiers in order to evaluate, compare, and classify input features. In the absence of one features or in another word the malfunction in one or more sensors, we proposed imputation algorithm to predict the missing features that will be helpful to the doctors to diagnosis and evaluate pathological case for the patients.

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