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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
Sciences
June 2010 | Vol. 5 No. 6 |
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Title: |
Experimental
and numerical evaluation of friction
stir welds of
AA6061-T6 aluminium alloy |
Author (s): |
P. Prasanna, B. Subba Rao, G. Krishna Mohana Rao and Anjaneya Prasad |
Abstract: |
Friction
stir welding is a relatively new joining process, which
involves the joining of metals without fusion or filler
materials. The amount of the heat conducted into the work
piece dictates a successful process which is defined by the
quality, shape and microstructure of the processed zone, as
well as the residual stress and the distortion of the work
piece. The amount of the heat gone to the tool dictates the
life of the tool and the capability of the tool to produce a
good processed zone. Hence, understanding the heat transfer
aspect of the friction stir welding is extremely important for
improving the process. Many research works were carried out to
simulate the friction stir welding using various soft wares to
determine the temperature distribution for a given set of
welding conditions. Very few attempted to determine the
maximum temperature by varying the input parameters using
ANSYS. The objective of this research is to develop a finite
element simulation of friction stir welding of AA6061-T6
Aluminium alloy. Trend line equations are developed for
Thermal conductivity, specific heat and density to know the
relationship of these factors with peak temperature. Tensile
and hardness values for the welded specimens are found for
different rotational speed and feed. Variation of temperature
with input parameters is also observed. The simulation model
is tested with experimental results.
The results of the
simulation are in good agreement with that of experimental
results. |
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Title: |
Removal of
cod of reactive dyes using polyaluminium chloride |
Author (s): |
D. V.
Satyanarayana Moorthy and G. Reddy Babu |
Abstract: |
Textile manufacturing units
involved in finishing processes are profuse water consumers.
The effluents from these plants are major source of water
pollution. Poly Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3 6H2O)
is used as a coagulant for the removal of Chemical Oxygen
Demand (COD) of selective reactive dyes, which are used for
cotton yarn dyeing, at different doses. The results indicate
that the removal of COD of various dyes RB41, RB209, RB204 and
RB184 are 68, 40, 36, and 29 percent respectively at their
optimum doses. The optimum doses of Poly Aluminium Chloride
(PAC) for RB41, RB209, RB204 and RB 184 are 5.2, 34.3, 20
and 22mg of PAC per mg. of COD removed, respectively. |
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Title: |
Application
of response surface methodology on surface roughness in grinding
of aerospace materials (6061Al-15vol%SiC25p) |
Author (s): |
Dayananda Pai, Shrikantha Rao, Raviraj Shetty and Rajesh Nayak |
Abstract: |
In this paper, the effects and
the optimization of machining parameters on surface roughness
in the cylindrical grinding of 6061Al-SiC25P (MMCs)
are investigated. In the grinding process, a machining
parameter, such as hardness, flow rate and depth of cut were
chosen for evaluation by the response surface methodology. By
response surface methodology, a complete realization of the
process parameters and their effects were achieved. The
variation of surface roughness with machining parameters was
mathematically modeled using response surface methodology.
Finally, experimentation was carried out to identify the
effectiveness of the proposed method. |
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Title: |
Experimental
investigation into rheological property of copper oxide
nanoparticles suspended in propylene glycol- water based fluids |
Author (s): |
M. T. Naik, G. Ranga Janardhana, K. Vijaya Kumar Reddy
and B. Subba Reddy
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Abstract: |
Nanofluids are a new generation
heat transfer fluids and have opened a new horizon in the
areas of heat transfer applications. Nanofluids are prepared
by dispersing nano-sized metallic particles in conventional
fluids of heat transfer. Heat transfer performance of
nanofluid depends primarily on its thermo physical properties
like viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat and desity.
Viscosity assumes importance as it affects the pressure drop
and hence the pumping power when nano fluids are circulated in
a closed loop for transfer of heat in heat exchangers. In the
present research, propylene glycol and water (60:40 by weight)
is used as base fluid and viscosity of Cuo nanofluid with
different particle volume concentration of 0.025, 0.1, 0.4,
0.8 and 1.2 percent is measured. Experimental results thus
obtained revealed that temperature and nanoparticle
concentration parameters influence the viscosity of nanofluids
condiderably. The experimental results obtained in the present
experiment found to be in closer agreement with those
available in the literature. |
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Title: |
The nature
and effect of sulphur compounds on Co2 and air reactivity of
petrol coke |
Author (s): |
Yaw
Delali Bensah and Trygve Foosnaes |
Abstract: |
Three different single-source
coke types (SSA, SSB and SSC) were studied for their air and
CO2 reactivities using the Hydro method and the
observed correlation with reactivity determinant parameter
such as elemental composition was noted. The reaction
temperatures were 525 oC and 960 oC for
air and CO2 reactivities, respectively. Coke sample
SSA recorded the highest CO2 reactivity value of
166 mg/g h while coke sample SSB recorded the lowest value of
25 mg/g h. The coke CO2 reactivity showed a
moderately strong correlation with the combined effect of Na,
Fe and Ca concentrations. The inhibitory effect of sulphur as
a catalytic poison on Na was observed with significant
downward trend in CO2 reactivity of the
investigated cokes. Coke air reactivities showed the expected
strong correlation with V. Air reactivity was highest in
sample SSC (262 mg/g h) at V concentration of 378 ppm and
lowest in sample SSB (39.6 mg/g h) at V concentration of 68
ppm. Sample SSA recorded reactivity value of 129.6 mg/g h at V
concentration of 147 ppm. The compound 1-butanethiol was
identified by 1-D 1H NMR and 13C NMR,
and by 2-D COSY, HSQC and HMBC NMR spectroscopic techniques.
It is proposed that 1-butanethiol is one of the possible
organosulphur compounds responsible for the reaction with Na
forming a stable non-mobile complex partially inhibiting the
catalytic effect of Na. |
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Title: |
Evaluation of
durability of natural fibre reinforced cement mortar composite-
A new approach |
Author (s): |
G.
Ramakrishna, T. Sundararajan and S. Kothandaraman |
Abstract: |
‘Toughness’ of a composite
generally based on the ‘toughness indices’ evaluated by
flexural tests as contemplated in several codes (ASTM,
ACI, JCI-SF4/JSCE-SF4) may not be appropriate/realistic for
natural fibre cement composites containing low modulus fibres
like sisal, coir etc., due to several reasons. Further,
durability of natural fibre cement composite can be evaluated
on the basis of flexural toughness (FT) and it has a special
significance. Toughness of a natural fibre composite can also
be evaluated by impact tests, which helps in realistic
assessment of ductility of the above composite. Evaluation of
durability of a natural fibre composite by residual impact
strength (Irs) and flexural toughness index (IT)
and their comparison are presented and discussed. Irs values
could be used to assess the durability of natural fibre
composites, than, the conventional ‘toughness indices’ used
for composites, in general. |
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Title: |
Effect of
various parameters on the movement of metallic particles in a
single phase gas insulated bus duct with image charges and
dielectric coated electrodes |
Author (s): |
K. B. Madhu
Sahu and J. Amarnath |
Abstract: |
The insulation performance of
gas insulated systems (GIS) can be substantially affected by
the presence and movement of contaminating metallic
particles. With and without Image charge effect on metallic
particle movement in a single phase GIB (Gas Insulated Bus
duct) and also with and without dielectric coating on the
enclosure is considered in this paper. In the present work the
equations describing the motion of the particle due to image
charge has been proposed to obtain the particle trajectories.
The simulation has been carried out to obtain the particle
trajectories at an applied voltage of 132 KV and also the
effect of various parameters like radius and length of the
Particle, pressure in the bus duct has been examined and
presented. Typically a GIB of inner conductor and outer
enclosure diameters of 55/155 have been considered for
analysis. Different metallic contaminations viz Aluminum and
Copper have been considered for the above study. |
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Title: |
Analytical
study of self-excited vibration on single degree of freedom
vibratory-tillage |
Author (s): |
Soeharsono and Radite PA Setiawan |
Abstract: |
Analytical and
experimental study on vibratory tillage by adding external
energy to the tillage tool has been widely conducted. Though
this method has been shown to significantly reduce soil
resistance, it will, unfortunately, increase the energy
consumption excessively. Experimental study on vibratory
tillage by self-excited vibration method has also been
performed. This method can also reduce soil resistance though
not as much as the former. No analytical study of the latter,
however, can be found. This paper discusses analytical study
of self-excited vibration of tillage-tool on vibratory tillage
due to natural excitation of varying cutting forces. The
objective of this discussion is to find dynamics parameter of
vibratory tillage so the vibration of tillage-tool will be
able to reduced draft force required for loosening soil
density during tillage operation The Vibration of vibratory
tillage was modeled as a vibration with Single Degree of
Freedom (SDOF) system. The tillage-tool was connected to an
implement by an elliptic spring while the natural excitation
of the varying cutting force was modeled as a periodic
function, which can be expressed as a Fourier series. The
elasticity of elliptic spring and the inertia of tillage tool
were optimized such that the tillage-tool vibrates violently
around its resonant frequency. This condition decreases both
the soils resistance and the draft force required to loosen
soil density due to self-exited vibration during tillage
operation. The possibility of draft force reduction was
investigated further by analyzing time response of the
displacement and by analyzing the
oscillating pathway of the tine tip. |
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Title: |
Comparative
analysis of the effect of demulsifiers in the treatment of crude
oil emulsion |
Author (s): |
M. Abdulkadir |
Abstract: |
This paper is aimed at
highlighting the problems of crude oil emulsion and
identification of the most effective combination of treatment
method through the comparative analysis of various brands of
demulsifiers that give the best quality oil. The best quality
oil is oil with the lowest Basis sediment and water (BS and W)
and low API gravity values. In the process of analysis (bottle
test), a combination of factors were used to determine the
best treatment condition. They are: Residence time, chemical
requirement, heat effect e.t.c. The result of the comparative
analysis showed that V44O4 at a temperature of 60°C at a close
rate of 50PPM was found most suitable. |
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Title: |
Neural network
controller (NNC) for a crude oil distillation column |
Author (s): |
Henri E. Z.
Tonnang and A. Olatunbosun |
Abstract: |
The development of neural
network that could be used for the control of an industrial
process is discussed. Field data from a working distillation
column or fractionator of crude oil refinery in Nigeria was
used for the development and testing the effectiveness of the
controller. The developed controller performed optimally when
compared with the installed distributed control system based
on proportional integral and derivative algorithm in the
company with well over 95% correlation between the expected
data and obtained data. |
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Title: |
Performance
and emission characteristics of a 4 stroke C.I. engine operated
on Honge methyl ester using artificial neural network |
Author (s): |
Shivakumar,
Srinivas Pai P., Shrinivasa Rao B. R. and Samaga B. S. |
Abstract: |
In wake of the present energy
environment crises it has become essential to identify
renewable and alternative clean burning fuels. One of the
significant routes to tackle the problem of increasing prices
and the pollution problems of petroleum fuels is by the use of
vegetable oil fuels known as biodiesels. In the present work
biodiesel was prepared from Honge oil (Pongamia) and used as a
fuel in C.I engine. Performance studies were conducted on a
single cylinder four-stroke water-cooled compression ignition
engine connected to an eddy current dynamometer. Experiments
were conducted for different percentage of blends of Honge oil
with diesel at various compression ratios. Experimental
investigation on the Performance parameters and Exhaust
emissions from the engine were done. Artificial Neural
Networks (ANNs) were used to predict the Engine performance
and emission characteristics of the engine. To train the
network compression ratio, blend percentage, percentage load
were used as the input variables where as engine performance
parameters together with engine exhaust emissions were used as
the output variables. Experimental results were used to train
the ANN. Back-propagation algorithm was used to train the
network. ANN results showed good correlation between the ANN
predicted values and the desired values for various engine
performance values and the exhaust emissions. The R2
values were very close to 1 and the mean relative error values
were less than 9 percent. |
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Title: |
Study of
performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection
diesel engine using rice bran oil ethanol and petrol blends |
Author (s): |
G. Venkata
Subbaiah, K. Raja Gopal and B. Durga Prasad |
Abstract: |
In this study, influence on the
engine performance and exhaust emissions of a naturally
aspirated, single cylinder direct injection diesel engine has
been experimentally investigated using pure rice bran oil (RBO),
and its 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% blends with ethanol (ERBO) and
petrol (PRBO). The influence on the viscosity of the RBO with
the addition of the ethanol and petrol from 200C to
700C has also been studied. The tests conducted
from no load to full load of the engine with an increment of
20%of the load. The experimental test results showed that the
kinematic viscosity reduced maximum by 28.3% and 31.7% with
addition of ethanol and petrol respectively. The maximum brake
thermal efficiency of 26.83% with ERBO2.5 and 27% with PRBO7.5
was obtained. Among the ethanol blends the minimum brake
specific fuel consumption of 0.312 is observed with ERBO7.5
and among the petrol blends the minimum brake specific fuel
consumption of 0.299 is observed with PRBO2.5 at full load of
the engine. Lower CO emissions of 0.021 with ERBO2.5 and
higher CO emissions of 0.032 observed with ERBO7.5. The CO
emissions of petrol blends observed between the values of
ethanol blends. The unburnt hydrocarbons increased with load
in both the ethanol and petrol blends. The lower NOx
emissions of 920 with ERBO2.5 and higher NOx
emissions of 1045 measured with PRBO7.5. The CO2
increased to 3.72 with PRBO7.5 and reduced to 2.45 with
ERBO7.5. The unused O2 increased 17.2%with ethanol
blends and reduced to 13.1% with petrol blends. The smoke
reduced with both the blends and lower value of 34.0% observed
with PRBO7.5. |
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