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ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences March 2021 | Vol. 16 No.
6 |
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Title: |
Modeling of the accumulation of kinetic
energy in elastic elements and change in the constructive parameters of
a dynamic soil-processing working part |
Author (s): |
Nozim Ismoilovich Jabborov, Aleksandr
Vladimirovich Sergeev, Valeriy Andreevich Eviev and Nimya Grigorievich
Ochirov |
Abstract: |
Modeling the process of accumulation of kinetic energy in the elastic
elements of a dynamic tillage working part and changing its constructive
parameters is an urgent issue, since it allows to develop new efficient
tillage working parts endowed with the property of dynamism. The aim of
the research is to develop mathematical models of the process of
accumulation of kinetic energy and changes in the constructive
parameters of dynamic tillage working parts. The object of research is a
dynamic arrow-shaped tillage working part with a capture width of 330 mm
for surface tillage to a depth of 14 cm. The subject of research is the
regularities of the process of accumulating kinetic energy in elastic
elements and changes in the constructive parameters of a dynamic tillage
working part. The research was carried out using methods of mathematical
modeling based on the study of physical laws that occur during soil
cultivation; experimental research on energy assessment of tillage
working parts, analysis and generalization of experimental data. The
scientific novelty of the paper is represented by mathematical models of
the process of accumulating kinetic energy and changing constructive
parameters of a dynamic tillage working part. Mathematical models and
graphic interpretation of the dependences of the axial force on the
elastic element, the traction resistance of the dynamic working part,
the average value of the width of capture on the speed of movement of
the dynamic working part are presented in this paper. In particular, it
was found that under the specific conditions of experiments with an
increase in the speed of operation from 1.94 to 3.61 m / s, the average
value of the width of capture of a dynamic tillage working part
decreases from 306.90 to 300.50 mm. At rest, the dynamic soil tillage
implement has a working width of 330 mm. The meaning of the swath width
of a dynamic tillage working body, depending on the characteristics of
the soil and the speed of movement, fluctuates within certain limits set
by design parameters and is a random value. The statistical standard
error of the sample mean value of the traction resistance and the speed
of movement of the dynamic working body, respectively, varied in the
range of 0.094 - 0.0167 kN and 0.012 - 0.032 m/s. |
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Title: |
Application of leachate recirculation as
an alternative treatment method in landfills |
Author (s): |
Ika Bagus Priyambada, Budi Widianarko,
Setia Budi Sasongko and Alfian Rizky Rizaldianto |
Abstract: |
Leachate is the product of biodegradation process in the landfill, which
possesses various disadvantages to the environment. It needs proper
treatment to avoid those negative impacts of the leachate. On-site
treatment of leachate using leachate recirculation is one of the
alternative technologies to reduce the hazard. This study evaluated the
application of leachate recirculation as an alternative method of
leachate treatment in landfills. Experiments were performed in a
laboratory using a total of 60 lysimeters, with 1 L in volume for 365
days. The waste was placed on the top of a gravel to avoid any blockage
and percolate the leachate to the bottom of lysimeter. The lysimeter was
divided into two groups, with 10 reactors each group arranged in series
and conducted in triplicate. Leachate recirculation will be given to
second reactor until tenth reactor, using high concentration of leachate
for the first group and low concentration of leachate for the second.
The recirculation of leachate in both treatment groups significantly
increased the organic content in the waste. In the reactor group with
low-concentration leachate, the increase in organic content was lower
than in reactors with high-concentration leachate. It was found that
leachate recirculation accelerates reductions in the BOD and COD
concentrations of leachate, compared to reactors without leachate
recirculation. This condition applied to both treatment groups. In
general, reactors with leachate recirculation had higher BOD and COD
removal efficiencies than those without. |
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Title: |
The influence of metachronal beating of
cilia on the behavior of blood flowing through elastic stenosed arteries |
Author (s): |
M. A. El Kot |
Abstract: |
The
influence of the metachronal beating of cilia, heat transfer phenomenon,
oblique magnetic field, and Hall currents on blood flowing inside an
isotropically stenosed elastic artery were investigated analytically.
All physical parameters associated with blood flow properties were
studied and discussed graphically for both ciliated-free isotropic
artery and ciliated-tethered artery. The results obtained in this study
showed that the velocity, the distribution of wall shear stress, and the
resistance are higher for free isotropic artery model than that for
tethered artery model. The distribution of wall shear stress increases
with the cilia position increasing and it decreases by increasing the
eccentricity of the elliptic path whereas the resistance impedance has
inverse trend. Furthermore, the streamlines patterns illustrating the
features of the ciliary motion have been plotted for various imbedded
flow parameters. |
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Title: |
Impact of lean automation on adaptive
control for improved real-time process control in sugar industry: Case
of Kenya |
Author (s): |
Osore E. A. E., Ogola J. M. and Madara O.
M. |
Abstract: |
The
basic criterion of performance in a production system is response time
and variability of process parameters, and it is reasonable if all of
these are at their lowest value to demonstrate the rapid rate at which
an anomaly can be detected by the system and appropriate action taken.
With lean automation technique in the sugar industry, process
variability and real time control can be monitored. Also, to note is the
consistency of the response times where sharp variations will imply
erroneous system operation. This technology is achievable through the
different levels of automations that sugar industries adopt. Thus, an
analysis of the different levels of automation was carried out at
different stages of pre-milling process of sugarcane to determine the
optimum automation level for adaptive control in a case sugar company.
It was found that level 4 of automation had a slow response to anomaly
with the longest mean response time of 3.33 minutes compared to levels 5
and 6 which depicted a rapid response to anomaly with the shortest
response time of 0.54 min. Also, conventional automation (LoA 4)
resulted to an average temperature variability of 2.75 °C. While the
SCADA (LoA 5) and DCS (LoA 6) showed no temperature variability in the
three process stages. Thus, adopting levels 5 or 6 the process
parameters are controlled and maintained at the optimum levels and
provide a steadfast real time monitoring, control and maintenance of
process parameters that will enhance quality production. |
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Title: |
A low-cost integrated NIR spectrometer for
chlorophyll content index measurement |
Author (s): |
Luong Vinh Quoc Danh, Nguyen Cao Qui,
Truong Phong Tuyen and Anh V. Dinh |
Abstract: |
Chlorophyll sustains plants as it is one of the vital components in the
photosynthesis process. Chlorophyll content in the leaf indicates the
health of the plants and it can be used as an indicator for fertilizer
requirement, in particular for Nitrogen management, in the growing cycle
of certain crops. Chlorophyll measurement is required for the growers to
monitor and make decision for fertilization schedule. The measurement is
also needed for plant scientists. Chlorophyll meters are used to measure
the relative chlorophyll content index in the leaf either by chemical
process, image processing, or spectroscopy technique. In general,
chlorophyll meters are expensive. This work proposes a low-cost meter to
measure the chlorophyll index by exploiting the newly-developed
near-infrared spectrometer. The NIR spectrometer is an optical MEMS
sensor having 6 channels spanning from 610nm to 860nm. The simple
prototype was built by using the common Raspberry Pi to collect data
from the spectrometer. Fifteen leaf samples from various tree types were
measured and data were analyzed. The results were compared with the
commercial hand-held device, the SPAD-502. An average error of 7.84% was
obtained using the designed meter. Off-the-shelf components provide a
fraction of the cost of the high-end meters for an acceptable
chlorophyll content index reading. |
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Title: |
Principal design of methane-oxygen
combustion chamber with supercritical
CO2 |
Author (s): |
Komarov I., Kharlamova D., Vegera A. and
Makhmutov B. |
Abstract: |
The
report presents the results of research at the engineering design of a
turbomachine combustion chamber running on supercritical carbon dioxide
at an ambient pressure of 300 bar. The research method is a numerical
simulation of turbulent-kinetic processes in the Ansys Fluent software
package using the reduced methane combustion mechanism. Two key features
characterize the combustion of methane in CO2 diluent. Firstly,
combustion occurs with a significantly smaller excess of oxidizing agent
than in the combustion chamber of traditional gas turbines. Secondly,
the normal flame propagation velocity in CO2 at ultrahigh pressure is
much lower than with N2 diluent. In order to ensure stable and complete
burning of fuel, various ways to increase the real burning rate were
reviewed - swirling the mixture of fuel and oxidizer, controlling the
distribution of diluent over the volume of the combustion chamber,
changing the main structural dimensions of the combustion chamber. |
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Title: |
A novel NLP and machine learning based
text extraction approach from online news feed |
Author (s): |
Srinivas Kolli, Peddarapu Rama Krishna and
Parvathala Balakesava Reddy |
Abstract: |
Extracting text information from a web intelligence page is a difficult
task as a great piece of the E-News substance is given assistance from
the backend Content supervision method. Web content extraction is a
vital innovation for empowering a variety of utilizations pointed toward
accepting the network. While mechanized web harvesting has been
concentrated widely, they regularly center around separating organized
information that shows up multiple times on a solitary website page,
similar to item indexes In this Work, we present a customized news
internet searcher that centers around constructing a storehouse of
reporting stories by relating proficient mining of content data from a
network information sheet from shifted e-information entrances. Our
approach characterizes text blocks utilizing a combination of visual and
language autonomous highlights. The framework depends on the idea of the
Document Object Model (DOM) hierarchy control for separating content and
changing the site page configuration to prohibit unessential substance
like advertisements and client remarks. We additionally utilize WordNet,
a vocabulary of the English speech dependent on psycho bilingual person
reads for coordinating the separated substance equivalent to heading of
website page. TF-IDF (Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency) is
utilized to recognize the sheet block conveying data pertinent to the
page's designation. Notwithstanding the pulling out of data, working to
accumulate associated data from various web information documents & sum
up the assembled data dependent on client inclinations which have
additionally incorporated. Furthermore, a pipeline is devised to
naturally name data points through bunching where each group is scored
dependent on its importance to the site page depiction extricated from
the Meta labels, and data-points in the best group are chosen as certain
preparation models. |
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Title: |
Digital Twin: An option for the integrated
design of upper limb robotic exoskeletons for rehabilitation tasks |
Author (s): |
José Alejandro Castañeira Armero, Mauricio
Torres Quezada, Leonardo Broche Vázquez, Ruthber Rodríguez Serrezuela,
Jeidy Johanna Gómez Montiel, Daily Milanés Hermosilla and Roberto Sagaró
Zamora |
Abstract: |
The
development of the Digital Twin of an exoskeleton for upper limb
rehabilitation task for hemiplegic patients, and its Virtual
Commissioning prior to its manufacture is presented in this work. In
these context biomechanical and clinical design criteria are integrated
into Digital Twin concept. The power actuators, the development of 4
freedoms degree's mechanisms for shoulder and elbow flexion/extension,
external and internal rotation and abduction of the upper limb, and
prone/supination of wrist, the control system and user interface as well
as its integration with the mechanical system is carried out. The
mechatronic concept design is done using NX MCD software. Automation
takes place in the TIA Portal software. A PLC which can be virtually
simulated with the use of PLCSIM Advanced software and a Human-Machine
Interface (HMI) for the control of the exoskeleton are included in the
hardware configuration. The Real Commissioning of the designed prototype
has been successful and its operation has been validated in pilot tests
carried out at the Santiago de Cuba Surgical Clinical Hospital in
hemiplegic patients with painful shoulder syndrome. |
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Title: |
Evaluation of wastewater treatment plants
in Aqaba governorate, Jordan |
Author (s): |
Ahmad M. Dahamsheh, Ghassan Suleiman and
Dua’a O. Al-Masry |
Abstract: |
The
objective of this study to evaluate the performance efficiency of
wastewater treatment plant in Aqaba governorate in Jordan. One hundred
twenty samples of wastewater were collected from both influent and
effluent of Aqaba Wastewater Treatment Plant (AWWTP). Samples are
analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand
(COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) to evaluate efficiency of (AWWTP).
BOD was nearly decreased to extremely low level and the decrease rate is
98.9 % while COD 97.3 % and TSS is 98.7 %. These rates of decrease of
BOD, COD and TSS clarified the satisfying in general effectiveness of
the plant. Regression equations for BOD, COD and TSS removal percentages
were proposed which can be utilized to evaluate rapid effluent
assessment after the treatment processes or optimal process control to
improve the performance of (WWTP). The average Biodegradability index
(BI) was found to be 0.46. The percentage removal of influent BOD,
influent COD and influent TSS were found with high determination
coefficient (R2) 0.97, 0.97 and 0.89 respectively. |
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Title: |
Educational computer program for the
matrix analysis of plane frames |
Author (s): |
Myriam Rocío Pallares Muñoz and Rosa
Alejandra Méndez |
Abstract: |
An
educational computer program was developed for the matrix analysis of
plane frames aimed at engineering students. Unlike commercial programs,
the application has a plus since it is designed to assist in the
step-by-step calculation of matrix analysis of plane frames subject to
point loads and uniformly distributed loads perpendicular to the
elements. This topic is fundamental in the teaching of the structural
analysis course in engineering careers. The conceptual and mathematical
model, the pseudo code of the computational model in FORTRAN, the
verification of the application with SAP2000 using a classic problem
from the literature are shown, concluding that the tool developed is an
alternative for assisting the teaching-learning process in the classroom
and for the autonomous work of engineering students in studying of the
plane-frame matrix analysis method. This educational program is part of
an educational-toolkit project developing to improve students’
autonomous work and teacher-student communication [1]. |
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Title: |
Investigation of effect of modification by
rare-earth metals on quantity and morphology of non-metallic inclusions
of electric slag coke castings made of steel H11 |
Author (s): |
Tokmin A. M., Larionova N. V., Masanskii
O. A., Svechnikova L. A., Kazakov V. S., Berezuk V. G., Lytkina S. I.,
Khudonogov S. A. and Marchenkova S. G. |
Abstract: |
Improving the physical and mechanical properties of castings from
alloyed steels and alloys is achieved in various ways, such as:
increasing the purity of metal by non-metallic inclusions, creating
favorable crystallization conditions that affect the formation of macro
and microstructure, reducing the development of liquation processes,
etc. Currently, high-energy processes, including electroslag
technologies, are widely used. Application of this technology makes it
possible to significantly improve quality of steels due to reduction of
content of harmful impurities as a result of refining action of slag in
process of electrode remelting, besides, it performs protective function
in process of metal remelting and pouring into mold. After overflowing
the metal from the crucible into the shape, the flux accumulates in the
upper part of the casting and acts as a thermal extension, which has a
favorable effect on the crystallization process. The purpose of this
work is to study the physical and chemical processes that occur during
the interaction of harmful impurities - sulfur, phosphorus and oxygen,
with components that are part of slag and with rare earth metals, which
are modifiers, as well as to study the effect of the amount, morphology
and distribution of non-metallic inclusions on the mechanical properties
of castings from steel H11 when using electric slag coke casting. In the
course of the work, based on the calculated reactions, the influence of
Ca and Al on the desulfurization, dephosphorization and deoxidation of
steel, as well as the effect of rare earth metals on the formation of
sulfide, oxysulfide and phosphide compounds, which are prone to the
formation of large conglomerates, which contributed to their accelerated
surfacing in the upper part of the casting and, as a result, to a
decrease in the total number of non-metallic inclusions in steel. The
number of non-metallic inclusions in the modified steel decreases by
more than 4 times compared to the non-modified steel, and the toughness
increases from 0,20 to 0,32–0,30 MDzh/m2. |
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Title: |
An error of transmitting a colour by video
path after use of a random spectral distribution of light and end-path
device |
Author (s): |
Abdullah Qays Taher, Ali Ihsan Alanssari
and Volodymyr Pyliavskyi |
Abstract: |
This
work is aimed at studying the colour rendering parameter in
telecommunication paths. The authors present an analysis of the existing
problem, which may occur when introducing machine vision and artificial
intelligence training systems. An important feature that is discussed in
this paper is the influence of the light source and the parameters of
the final equipment. The authors also discuss a comparative analysis of
the influence of various light sources, and those differing from the
reference spectral characteristics of the camera. Conclusions are made
about the possibility of eliminating colour rendering errors in
telecommunication paths. Recommendations are presented to show how to
reduce the impact on colour rendering quality. |
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