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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
Sciences July 2010 | Vol. 5 No.
7 |
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Title: |
Production
and characterization of oil from fishes |
Author (s): |
M. Abdulkadir,
G. I. Abubakar and A. Mohammed |
Abstract: |
Production
and characterization of fish oil were carried out using
soxhlet apparatus and n-Hexane as the solvent for extraction.
The extraction was carried out at the boiling point of the
solvent. Five different species of fishes were used for the
experiment. From the result of the extraction, it was observed
that the fish A (Mormyrups deliciousus) and fish E (shawa)
have a good percentage of oil content of about 30.22% and
24.02% of its dry mass, respectively, while cat fish, tilapia
and mud fish have 6.72, 14.52 and 17.92, respectively. Adeyemo
F.A. (2004) reported a similar observation. The iodine and
refractive indexes of this study is in agreement with those
obtained by Adeyemo F.A. (2004), and also falls within the
specification of the standard value. These values, therefore,
show that fish oil is a non drying oil, a good lubricant and a
cure for goiter, while saponification and acid values were
found to be higher than the standard value. However, the
boiling points of the oil were close to the boiling point of
water. |
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Title: |
Effects of
current density on electrodeposited CoMnP thin films |
Author (s): |
M RM
Krishnappa, N. Rajasekaran, S. Ganesan and R. N. Emerson |
Abstract: |
CoMnP Thin
films alloys were fabricated by Electro deposition and the
dependence of their Magnetic properties on the Current density
were investigated using Vibrating sample Magnetometer (VSM).
Structure and the Morphology of the film were studied using
X-Ray diffractometer (XRD) and the scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). Elemental compositions of the film were
studied using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS).
Films are shiny and smooth. The deposited Cobalt (Co) increased
from about 77 to 97 Mass % with increasing current density
until 7 mAcm-2 whereas the deposited Manganese (Mn)
decreased from about 0.67 to 0.17 Mass % with increasing
current density till 7 mAcm-2. The deposited
Phosphorous (P) of about 0.5 Mass% was independent of the
current density. The X-Ray diffraction measurement showed that
all peaks of CoMnP films were consistent with those of a
typical Co hcp phase. An increase in the current density
yielded a decreased sharpness of the major peaks. Also the
peak position shift to lower angle which means the lattice
constant increased with increasing current density. The
magnetic saturation value decreased from about 0.97 to 0.5 emu
with increasing current density. The coercivity measured in
the perpendicular direction increased from about 300 to 900 Oe
with increasing current density. Reasons for variation in
magnetic properties and structural characteristics are
discussed. |
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Title: |
Wave energy
potential of peninsular Malaysia |
Author (s): |
Muzathik AM,
Wan Nik WB, Ibrahim MZ and Samo KB |
Abstract: |
Wave power potential along the
east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, facing South China Sea,
bounded by latitudes 3.50 N and 6.5o N
and longitudes 1020 E and 104.0o E, is
investigated based on two-hourly data, covering a 12-year
period. Total wave energy was 17.69 MWh/m in an average year,
whereas the average wave power varied between 0.15 kW/m and
6.49 kW/m. More than 60% of the annual wave energy is provided
by significant wave heights (Hs) between 0.2
m and 1.2 m and with wave peak periods (Tp)
between 2 and 8 s accounted for more than 70% of total wave
energy. The main directions in terms of wave energy for whole
year are north, which accounts for more than 40%, followed at
some distance by northeast, southwest and south. During
northeast monsoon season, in general main directions in terms
of wave energy are north and northeast, which accounts more
than 80% of total wave energy. The correlation between maximum
wave height (Hmax) and Hs
for the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia can be given by Hmax
= 1.494Hs + 0.01324 and the values of Tp and
mean periods can be correlated with “Gaussian 3” general
model.
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Title: |
Optimizing
the process parameters on tool wear of wc insert when hot
turning of AISI 316 stainless steel |
Author (s): |
S. Ranganathan
and T. Senthilvelan |
Abstract: |
In this work, the influence of
the cutting parameters namely cutting speed (Vs), feed rate (fs)
and depth of cut (ap) at 2000 C, 4000
C and 6000 C hot turning of 316 stainless steel on
tool wear are studied. The optimum results can be achieved in
the experimental study by employing Taguchi techniques.
Combined effects of three cutting parameters i.e. cutting
speed, feed rate and depth of cut on the performance measure,
tool wear (VB) are investigated by employing an orthogonal
array and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 2000
C, 4000 C and 6000 C hot turning.
Optimal cutting parameters for each performance measure were
obtained; also the relationship between the parameters and the
performance measure is determined using multiple linear
regression equation. |
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Title: |
Septic B-spline
collocation method for sixth order boundary value problems |
Author (s): |
K.N.S. Kasi Viswanadham and P.
Murali Krishna |
Abstract: |
In this paper sixth order
boundary value problems is solved numerically by collocation
method. The solution is approximated as a linear combination
of septic B-spline functions. The septic B-splines constitute
a basis for the space of septic polynomial splines. In the
method, the basis functions are redefined into a new set of
basis functions which in number match with the number of
selected collocation points. To test the efficiency of the
method, several numerical examples of sixth order linear and
nonlinear boundary value problems are solved by the proposed
method. Numerical results obtained by the proposed method are
in good agreement with the exact solutions available in the
literature. |
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Title: |
Simulation
analysis of passive solar structures using heat transfer
equations |
Author (s): |
M. Faruqi and
P. Ghavami |
Abstract: |
Passive solar design is an
economical way of using solar energy in buildings. The thermal
behavior of the buildings within its environment over a period
of time can easily be predicted using accurate and simple
analytical tools. This provides designers the information
necessary to satisfy the occupant’s needs, reduce peak
cooling/heating power demands, reduce the size of air
conditioning/heating equipment, and the period for which it is
required. There by, increasing the possibility of a successful
design. The main goal of this study is to present modeling of
passive solar structures using heat transfer equations. The
simulation model results correlated well with the experimental
data. |
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Title: |
Modeling the
impacts of urbanization on river flooding using the saint venant
equations |
Author (s): |
Alayande
Adegoke Waheed and Agunwamba Jonah Chukwuemeka |
Abstract: |
Urbanization and expansion of structural developments into
traditional flood prone areas of a natural river channel
modifies the channel shapes,
reduces the width of the flood prone areas relative to
bankfull width at every point along the river channel and
modifies the flood flows containment characteristics of the
channel. These impacts are manifested the entrenchment ratio.
In this study the Continuity equation in the St. Venant
hydrodynamic equations was modified for the geomorphological
parameter called the entrenchment ratio. The modified model
was applied to investigate the extent of inundation of the
floodplain by floods of various frequencies over the section
of the Kaduna River adjoining the Kaduna City where
urbanization has over the year caused the floodplain to be
developed for residential accommodation, recreational and
agricultural activities. Results obtained indicated that the
2yr, 5yr, 10yr, 25yr, 50yr, and 100yr floods when occur can
cause maximum inundation of between 82.53% to 94.48% of the
floodplain area between the Eastern Byepass bridge and the
Kaduna South Waterworks with Ungwan Rimi, Kabala Doki and Kigo
road extension as the most critical areas. |
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Title: |
Lithologic
characteristics of parts of the crystalline basement complex of
northern Nigeria in relation to groundwater exploitation |
Author (s): |
I. O. Olaniyan,
J. C. Agunwamba and J. O. Ademiluyi |
Abstract: |
The extent of relationship
between lithologic characteristics and productivity of
crystalline aquifers has been considered with respect to rural
water supply in the Galma river basin in northern Nigeria.
Five lithologic units delineated across the basin were
lateritic top soil, silty clay, kaolinitic sandy clayey silt,
the weathered granite and the lowermost fresh basement rock.
The crystalline Basement rocks were found to have areas of
weathered and deeply fractured regolith which constitute
useful aquifers. The overburden thicknesses were observed to
be larger at the central and western parts of the basin than
at the south eastern tip.
Statistical evaluation showed that the
regression line of yield on weathered zone thickness has a
regression coefficient of +0.232, while the Pearson Product
Moment Correlation analysis gave a correlation coefficient of
0.233. This revealed a weak, linear and direct
interrelationship between the yield and weathered zone
thickness, which suggests that the thickness of the weathered
zone has a low but positive level of influence on well yield,
but yield is not entirely dependent on weathered zone
thickness. |
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Title: |
Comparative
analysis of SPWM and SVPWM control for three phase inverter |
Author (s): |
K. Vinoth
Kumar, Prawin Angel Michael, Joseph P. John and S. Suresh Kumar |
Abstract: |
A voltage source inverter is
commonly used to supply a three-phase induction motor with
variable frequency and variable voltage for variable speed
applications. A suitable pulse width modulation (PWM)
technique is employed to obtain the required output voltage in
the line side of the inverter. The different methods for PWM
generation can be broadly classified into triangle comparison
based PWM (TCPWM) and Space Vector based PWM (SVPWM). In TCPWM
methods such as sine-triangle PWM, three phase reference
modulating signals are compared against a common triangular
carrier to generate the PWM signals for the three phases. In
SVPWM methods, a revolving reference voltage vector is
provided as voltage reference instead of three phase
modulating waves. The magnitude and frequency of the
fundamental component in the line side are controlled by the
magnitude and frequency, respectively, of the reference
vector. The highest possible peak phase fundamental is very
less in sine triangle PWM when compared with space vector PWM.
Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique has become the
important PWM technique for three phase voltage source
inverters for the control of AC Induction, Brushless DC,
Switched Reluctance and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors.
The study of space vector modulation technique reveals that
space vector modulation technique utilizes DC bus voltage more
efficiently and generates less harmonic distortion when
compared with Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) technique. In this paper
first a model for Space vector PWM is made and simulated using
MATLAB/SIMULINK software and its performance is compared with
Sinusoidal PWM. The simulation study reveals that Space vector
PWM utilizes DC bus voltage more effectively and generates
less THD when compared with sine PWM. |
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Title: |
Effect of
differential settlements on nonlinear interaction behaviour of
plane frame-soil system |
Author (s): |
Ramakant
Agrawal and M. S. Hora |
Abstract: |
The building frame, foundation
and soil mass form a complete structural system to resist the
external loads. The mechanics of soil-structure interaction
takes place between these components. The superstructure,
foundation and soil mass can be considered as a single
integral compatible structural unit for carrying out the
interaction analysis to predict more realistic behaviour. The
stress-strain characteristics of the supporting soil play a
vital role in the interaction analysis. The resulting
differential settlements of the soil mass are responsible for
the redistribution of forces in the superstructure. In the
present work, the nonlinear interaction analysis of a two-bay
two-storey plane building frame-soil system has been carried
out using the coupled finite-infinite elements. The nonlinear
constitutive hyperbolic soil model available in the literature
is adopted to model the nonlinear behaviour of the soil mass.
The structural behaviour of the interaction system is
investigated as the shear forces and bending moments in
superstructure get significantly altered due to differential
settlements of soil mass. |
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Title: |
Solving
difference equations by forward difference operator method |
Author (s): |
Odior A. O.,
Charles-Owaba O. E. and Fadare D. A. |
Abstract: |
In this paper a forward
difference operator method was used to solve a set of
difference equations. We also find the particular solution of
the non-homogeneous difference equations with constant
coefficients. In this case, a new operator call the forward
difference operator Δr,s,
defined as Δr,s yn = r yn+1 -
s yn, was introduced. Some of the properties of
this new operator were also investigated. |
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Title: |
Finite
element simulation of deep drawing of aluminium alloy sheets at
elevated temperatures |
Author (s): |
G.
Venkateswarlu, M. J. Davidson and G. R. N. Tagore |
Abstract: |
More and more automobile
companies are going for weight reduction of their vehicles for
fuel economy and other features. They have started using more
tailored blanked bodies using advanced joining techniques.
Such material combinations usually called as “Tailor Welded
Blanks” offer better characteristics. However, owing to the
presence of different materials their formability is a
challenge. The objective of the present study is to determine
the effect of blank temperature on forming behavior of sheets
and damage factor of such aluminium sheet alloys of 6061 and
7075 at elevated temperatures. An insight into such a study
will throw light on the different temperatures required by the
above materials when they are made into TWBs. In this present
investigation, a series of simulations were carried out on the
formability behaviour of cylindrical deep drawing of aluminium
alloys in the temperature range 50-500 0 C
using DEFORM-2D. The damage factor based on Cockcroft Latham
algorithm was taken as the constraint for defect free product.
The results show that forming at elevated temperature can
yield significant increase in product height, especially for
aluminium 7075. The deep drawing of aluminium 6061 alloys show
very good formability in a temperature range between 150-2500c
and 400-5000c for aluminium 7075. Both the metals
gave identical cup heights when drawn at 4750c. |
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