The presence of Alccofine in the conventional concrete in optimum dosage can be expected to improve the compressive strength and provide resistance against chloride attack, sea water attack and accelerated corrosion attack. The main objective of this work focuses on the compressive strength of concrete with partial replacement of cement with Alccofine. The project focuses on the experimental investigation on concrete by replacing cement with Alccofine on varying percentage. 0%, 4%, 8%, 16%, 17%, 20%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% for 7 and 28 days. The design mix carried out throughout the experiment was M25. The increase in percentage of compressive strength for 7 days and 28 days curing was found to be maximum at 16% replacement exhibiting the value of 50.95 % and 60.95% when compared with conventional. Alcoffine in various percentage improves the strength of concrete initial period. Alccofine acts as filler materials such that reduces permeability improving workability of fresh concrete. Overall it is a comparative study governing compressive strength as main point of contradiction.

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Side Scan Sonar Image Segmentation is an important process prior to object recognition. Extensive research has been carried in creating different algorithms and approaches for Sonar Image segmentation. But it is still difficult to find which algorithm suits well for side scan sonar image partition. In this paper we intend to evaluate the effectiveness of different segmentation algorithms on sonar image.

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The effect of Coconut shell powder on the mechanical properties of coconut fiber reinforced epoxy composites is presented in this paper. Coconut shell powder (filler) at different contents (4 v/v%, 8 v/v%, 12 v/v%, 16 v/v%) and various proportions (8 v/v%, 12 v/v%, 16 v/v% and 20 v/v%) of coconut fiber (reinforcement) had been used to prepare the epoxy composites. Composite samples were prepared using hand lay-up method and the test specimens were cut as per ASTM standards. Initially, tensile, flexural and impact properties of the samples were evaluated. It was found that the addition of filler had an insignificant effect on the mechanical properties. Maximum tensile strength was found as 26.7 MPa at 16 v/v% of coir fiber with 8 v/v% of filler. Flexural and impact properties also exhibited similar trends. Wear test was conducted using a pin on disc method with the velocity of 2 m/s and varying loads of 10N, 15N, 20N and 25N. It was found that the addition of filler reduced the wear rate of the composite but adding the filler beyond 12 v/v% increased the wear rate slightly.

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The Inconel 800 is nickel based super alloy has wide scope in high temperature applications in Engineering. The machinability studies were found limited. This research focuses on machinability studies on die sinking type EDM of Inconel 800 with Electrolyte Copper Electrode. The factors pulse on Time, Pulse off Time and Peck Current were considered to observe the responses of surface roughness, material removal rate, tool wear rate. Taguchi Full Factorial Design is employed for Design the experiment. The contribution of each parameter was discussed.

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The current world economic crisis every industry needs to improve the productivity with the minimum and available recourses. This article is presents an optimization of simulation methodology for the production environment to improve the productivity by reducing the process cycle time. Simulation models were allowing the users to easily understand the system performance and assist in behaviour prediction, to support system diagnostics and design. The manufacturing environment was modelled in Arena simulation software and the same can be simulated, the optimum sequence was obtained by iterative optimization methods. The productivity of the manufacturing environment is obtained by using the best operational sequence.

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Accurate wind modeling depends on transmitting the power harnessed effectively. Grid connected wind-turbine-driven unit features the electricity generation system. The objective of this study is to describe the better among probability density function of various distributions that provide better fit and low error prediction. Results show that Weibull is able to closely related with wind assessment data than any other distribution.

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Sand accumulation from store is costly because of undesirable cost of transportation from common sources and expansive scale abuse of normal sand makes natural effect on society. To overcome from this emergency, incomplete supplanting of sand with saw clean and robosand can be a monetary option. In creating nations like India. Sawdust can be described as free particles or wood chippings got as by-items from sawing of timber into standard useable sizes. Clean Sawdust with sensible amount of bark has ended up being satisfactory, since it doesn't present high substance of common material that may unsettle the responses of hydration. The crusher tidy created from stone crushers and waste by item from quarry is one of the option materials for stream sand. Saw tidy and robosand in extent utilized as fine totals in cement and the compressive and split elasticity were tried. There were absolutely three blends arranged for the examination, steadily expanding the supplanting rates from 0-75% with sawdust and robosand in extent. The compressive and split rigidity step by step diminishes for the expanding substitution rates. The ideal blend found to create M20 review of cement is 10% of saw tidy and 40% of robosand, absolutely half substitution of waterway sand. What's more, the cost decrease is 2.69% for every cubic meter of cement.

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The degradation of performance metrics of an antenna due to hiding multiple antennas in the vehicular body and aerodynamic drag caused due to perturbing antenna structures is overcome by using conformal antennas. Conforming the antenna causes various changes in the radiation characteristics of the antenna. Therefore it is essential to study and analyze these variations for characterizing the conformal antenna and also to counterbalance the changes in performance metrics. The various effects of parameters which contributes for superior radiation characteristics of the conformed radiating antenna which is used for vehicular communication applications is carefully deliberated in this paper.

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Acoustics sensor networks are used to monitor various ocean parameters with help of autonomous underwater vehicles. It uses acoustics waves to transmit data packets between the nodes. These data transmission gets interrupted by several problems like Fading, Multipath propagation, Absorptions etc. This paper explains the concept of vector based forwarding protocol for anchoring nodes and moving nodes. The simulation output is explained with graph plotted for time vs BER, Data Throughput, Delay and PDR. On analyzing the output performance obtained from graph we can conclude that VBF is an effectual protocol and it is more advantageous. The MATLAB has been not implemented since it has some drawbacks like. I) It does not provide information related to topologies, power model or other factors like packet transmission, losses, and collision between the nodes. II) It does not support Routing protocols. III) It is used for specific application and applied at lower layers only. Hence we have analyzed the VBF using AQUASIM tool to make it a veritable protocol.

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Cement is the most generally utilized simulated material and numerous as a part of profundity looking showing that it will keep on being so in the years to come all inclusive. Such adaptability of cement is on account of is produced using the fixings accessible locally or inside a monetary separation, viz., concrete, aggregates, and water. Progresses in solid innovation have prepared for making the best utilization of locally accessible materials by a sensible blend proportioning and appropriate workmanship, coming about, specifically, fulfilling execution prerequisite. In this assurance the different trademark quality properties s of M20 review blends with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and half supplanting bond by mineral admixture Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag by receiving the water-binder proportion of 0.45. Conplast SP337 utilized as a super plasticizer for the better workability of cement. The tests after effects of the solid example demonstrate the different attributes quality of cement were improved with the addition of GGBS as a partial substitution of bond. The power of workability of cement was enhanced with the expansion of GGBS in concrete as the entirety. To the extent a conservative purpose of concern the cost of GGBS in the market including bundling and transport is two times not as much as that of OPC. Hence in one cum of concrete, half supplanting of GGBS with OPC brings about 13.6% diminishment in the cost of cement. In the meantime solidness of genuine increments, because of an inborn property of GGBS to ensure concrete against substance erosion.

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The distributed system is a paradigm in which the components can communicate by means of the interface connected between them. The interaction between the components takes place in order to achieve a common goal. The reliability metrics is used to evaluate the performance of the components which is connected by the distributed systems. The Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF), Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) and Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) are the standard reliability metrics used to measure the failure state occurred in the components. The reliability indices of a component based method in the distribution system can be performed its function in a specified period of time without any failure. The reliability metrics algorithm used here shows the reliability function for distributed system in a component based method at a specified time interval.

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In this work, fabrication of coconut fiber (Glass Fiber/Coconut Fiber) in Polyester based composite materials is studied. The fabrication of composite material consist of different fibers reinforced with base material is investigated and characterized the mechanical properties of the fabricated composite material. In this work the composite consisting of a polyester resin matrix reinforced with different fiber orientation are used due to their high strength, light weight and free from corrosion. In this study, composite materials are fabricated into sheets of two different composites by hand-layup method and these are portioned into specimens. These specimens are tested by various tests and their micro structure is examined. By addition of coconut fiber (Glass Fiber/Coconut Fiber) in Polyester based composite materials has not shown any significant improvement in mechanical properties such as Tensile and Hardness results, but it showed comprehensive improved impact strength.

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In the present day world there are a lot of vehicles used by the humans and there are no safety facilities in these vehicles but millions of consumers are using these vehicles to transport themselves from one place to another. Many accidents occur because of the brake failure, engine failure, driver whose drowsiness so the present day scientists are taking real hard steps to stop this kind of unwanted accidents which is mainly because of the human fault or error. Some of the reasons for causing accidents also include the driver’s drowsiness when he is driving specially at the night time. A system is in need that should detect the condition of the driver whether he is suitable to drive. The system is safe and easy to use because though the system has more circuitry it defines a standard approach to prevent the accidents due to drowsiness and is concerned with the safety of the user so it is worth risk taking. In this system brain wave sensor is used to sense the drivers status whether he/she is conscious or unconscious. If driver become unconscious or become slept the buzzer will intimate the driver. Data acquisition system provides brain wave pulse ranges. If this brain wave pulses is mismatch with the reference pulse the system detect that driver become slept. After this the system will control the vehicle’s engine. Due to this drowsiness of driver is detected and the accidents can avoid using this system.

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In this paper the Two Wheeler vehicle speed is used to generate the electricity which can be stored in the battery for further use. The self-power generating vehicle is the new innovative one which is going to replace during power cut period. The power generated from the synchronized dynamo is stored in the battery which is given to inverter circuit Utilized in AC low power Applications. Power Utilization from battery usage only applicable for the failure of power supply in homes used from grid line power. Hence this system will enhance the features and more useful for rural areas.

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The end milling process is a broadly used material elimination process with manufacture by different shapes and profiles. End milling is a replacement of the conventional milling process and it’s also used as an end mill tool for the machining process. The impact of different parameters sued in end milling process examples feed rate, depth of cut and spindle speed have been evaluated to Impact on Material Removal Rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) by using Response Surface Method. This investigation is generated by a Box-behenken design. The aim of this work is to study the impact of process parameters in Aluminium alloy surface, and to integrate the mathematical model for Material removal rate and surface roughness on milling process. The quadratic model is best agreement with experimental data; finally the numerical optimization technique has been used to find out optimum milling factors. The optimal set of process parameters has also been incurred to maximize the MRR and minimize the surface roughness.

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Automatic Speech Recognition has been a goal of research for many decades. Many research works have been developed successfully for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) of English language. ASR for European languages has not reached their height as ASR in English language. In this work, an implementation of Tamil based Automatic Speech Recognition System is developed. The ASR has many phases to perform the recognition process. A novel Tamil speech recognition system has been proposed in this work which reduces the complexity and the vocabulary size of the recognition model by applying segmentation at different phases. The temporal features like Short Term Energy, Zero Crossing Rate and the feature vectors based techniques like Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient, Linear Predictive Coding are used for the segmentation. The sound attributes such as Sound Intensity Level, Time Duration and Root Mean Square are used to enhance the effectiveness of the Tamil Speech Recognition System.

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Wireless communication is nothing but a mobile communication which plays vital role in the world. Wireless communication has much greater impact on the communication networks in present as well as future. But, still the total availability of bandwidth is not efficiently used. It is difficult to find the availability of unused spectrum. Using an efficient method the unused spectrum can be found and given to multiple users. The noise in the channel is dynamic and will not be known to either be a transmitter or receiver. The Encoder block is mostly added in a communication block in order to combat the above effect. For efficient transmission, comparing and finding the best encoding technique is done using LABVIEW stimulator.

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This paper constitutes the study of 40% jute mat fiber, 40% epoxy resin, 20% coconut shell powder. Composite material used as bio-material characterization epoxy composite material with the low density, economical and the mechanical behavior. Epoxy resin IY556 as the matrix material and the hardness –IIY951 with the natural fibers as the ERP material. Randomly continuous long fiber orientation of Jute mat with stitched and unstitched condition. The plates are manufactured by hand layup fabrication method; the specimens are prepared (300x300x3mm). Test specimens were prepared and conducted the standard samples test. The analysis were performed by using a pin-on-disk equipment and is performed under the ASTM G-99 standard for the PIN-ON-DISK wear test conducted in this research the specimens were a pin with a rounded tip, which is positioned perpendicular to a flat circular disk. It is found that substantial improvements in tribological properties.

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Identifying the substitute fuels for the internal combustion engines has been explored all over the world of research. Many alternative fuels such as Alcohols, Hydrogen, Bio gas and various Bio fuels have proved the suitability via performance investigations. In the transportation and agriculture sector, many biological based bio-fuels have showed to be better substitutes for fuels derived from crude oils. In Indian context, due to the surrounding degradation, energy needs, rural development and agricultural growth, these bio-fuels are attains global recognition as an alternative. In this research paper, blends from soap nut oil is investigated in performance and emission characteristics on diesel engine and results are compared with pure diesel.

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In engineering operations and maintenance, the system failures and wrong decisions cause critical effects; and subsequently large economic losses. Therefore, designing a model that is able to predict the future trends of an engineering operation system has become an important issue. This paper investigate show to solve prediction problems that have a limited amount of data. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed integration of computational intelligent techniques, Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) was chosen as a case study. DG Aisthest and ard technique used in power transformer condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Many computational intelligences and statistical techniques have been proposed to develop a forecasting model to predict the future condition of a transformer in transmission system using DG Analysis. Dissolved gasses (e.g., hydrogen (H¬¬2), methane (CH4), acetylene (C2H2), ethylene (C2H4) and ethane (C2H6)) in transformer oil are used to detect the type of electrical faults. However, because the dissolved gas's data, collected from the oil-insulated transformer, require expensive laboratory analysis costs, only limited data has been received. The limited number of data points in time-series data collection is a cause of significant accuracy problems for analysis and prediction results. In this paper, integrations of computational intelligence techniques using Cubic-Spline Interpolation (CSI) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are proposed to improve training data set, in order to obtain better results from intelligent prediction models. The cubic-spline interpolation technique is applied to enhance the limited data of dissolved gases, by fitting smoothly to the limited data points and thus generate new and sufficient data. This generated data is used as training data to re-train a Focused Time Delay Neural Network (FTDNN) model, to predict dissolved gases inoil-insulated transformers. Experiments have shown that even using only 10data points (generated by the CSI technique) can lead to a significantly improved accuracy of forecasting dissolved results.

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Film cooling has been extensively used to provide thermal protection for the external surface of the gas turbine blades. Researchers have introduced numerous number of film cooling hole designs and arrangements with aim to reduce the lift-off effect cause by the counter rotating vortex pair (CRVP) produced in the cylindrical cooling hole configuration. Such efforts include the introduction of coupling film cooling designs. The present study focuses on the coupling holes which will later known in this writing as Double Cylindrical Hole (DCH). Two geometrical parameters have been considered; length between holes, PoD and compound angle, ß involving nine double cylindrical hole arrangements. In the present work, ANSYS CFX has been used to execute Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) analysis with the application of k-? turbulence model. In general, the results show that the increase in compound angle increases the film cooling effectiveness at the distinct hole region but decays drastically further downstream. Meanwhile, the results of PoD variations demonstrate that larger PoD distance produces higher film cooling effectiveness and also larger area coverage of coolant distribution.

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Film cooling technique was used to provide thermal protection for turbine components from the hot combustion gases. Combined-hole film cooling system was introduced as a way to improve the film cooling performances. In the present work, a batch of simulations using combined-hole unit involving two round hole of film cooling with opposite compound-angle were carried out. The aim is to determine the arrangement of combined-hole which will produces highest film cooling effectiveness. The influence of geometrical and flow parameters; distance between two holes in mainstream direction, LoD, distance between two holes in lateral direction, PoD and blowing ratio, M were considered in the present study. The present study had been carried out using steady state Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) analysis of ANSYS CFX, at Reynolds number, Re = 4200 and blowing ratios, M = 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5. Nine different computational models with combination of three different values of PoD and LoD have been considered. The results shows that as the PoD and M increase, the lateral coverage of film cooling also increases, while increase on LoD shows minimal impact on the spread of the coolant downstream of the cooling hole. However, the increase of PoD and M also resulting drastic decrease of film cooling effectiveness downstream of the cooling hole as a result of the lift-off phenomena. Weak interaction between the two jets along the mainstream direction cause separation and lift-off of the coolant at further downstream. In addition to laterally average film cooling effectiveness, the results of area average film cooling effectiveness were also presented to determine the optimal arrangement of combined-hole. Overall, the combined hole film cooling provide better thermal protection in comparison with the single hole configuration.

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The MPPM numerical method parallelization by utilizing the OpenMP environment is reported in this paper. The objective of this work is to reduce the MPPM method computation time by exploiting the otherwise idle processors and overall improve the efficiency of the method. The code solving the Rayleigh-Taylor instability model was originally written using Fortran77 and is considerably slow and was rewritten in C language then parallelized using OpenMP directives. The highest obtained speedup value resulting from OpenMP parallelization is found to be 2.3 which is achieved through utilizing 6 threads out of the available 12 threads. The work presents the possible performance improvement and the importance of addressing the sequential nature of the code in order to further enhance its efficiency.

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Apart of standard diffuser, turning diffuser combine both turning and diffusing in a single system. 3-dimensional turning diffuser has more distorted flow and most likely to offer deep discussion related to flow uniformity and pressure recovery. Present study focuses on numerical approach to study flow characteristic in both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional turning diffuser with area ratio (AR) of 2.16. Experiment to investigate the flow behavior and performance of turning diffuser in low subsonic system were conducted previously and with the objective to improve turning diffuser performance, baffle was introduced. To enhance the study, present work conducted simulations on the same 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional turning diffuser to find the optimum numerical model and parameters to be used when studying both turning diffuser. Realizable K-Epsilon (RKE) model was the most suitable model to be used since the result obtained closely resembles the result from experiment. Low deviations between numerical and experimental validated results conclude that the model selected were verified and other parameters input setting could be used in other numerical work related to 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional turning diffuser. Flow separation for 3-dimensional turning diffuser occurs not only at the inner wall, but at the left and right wall as well. Future study in designing baffle for 3-dimensional turning diffuser should improve these areas in order to enhance turning diffuser performance in terms of pressure recovery as well as flow uniformity.

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The purpose of this study was to find, with the aid of ANSYS software, a formula for a vibration design of bridge piers that provides maximum convergence with experimental results, the effect of waves on fixed and floating platforms is an important consideration for designing of offshore structures, and thus several experimental and numerical models have recently been presented. In this paper, a numerical model was developed in an ANSYS program to simulate current wave interaction with a vertical cylinder acting as a platform leg. This involved using smooth-particle hydrodynamics method (SPH) for solving the hydrodynamics, as well as using the finite element method with regard to the structural aspect, according to an experimental sample. The required data were gathered through a library method called SPH, which is a Lagrangianun meshed method and is sufficiently accurate for free surface modeling in comparison with other Eulerian mesh-based methods. In this connection, the capacity of the method to calculate in-line and cross-flow forces on a cylinder was considered using different time solution algorithms. The results showed that the predictor-corrector algorithm led to the most accurate finding, compared to the Beeman, symplectic, and Verlet algorithms. Although vibration of cylinder have been investigated.

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Human modification of the earth's surface has a strong impact on penetrative turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer, which increases uncertainty in the future climate projections. Such a surface induced turbulence is difficult to be parameterized in climate models, and requires further investigations. This article aims to investigate penetrative turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. Using a large eddy simulation approach, we study characteristics of the mixed layer with respect to surface heat flux variations in the range from 231.48 W m-2 to 925.92 W m-2, and observe that the surface heterogeneity on a spatial scale of 20 km leads to downscale turbulent kinetic energy cascade. Coherent fluctuations of mesoscale horizontal wind is observed at 100 m above the ground. Such a surface induced temporal oscillations in the horizontal wind suggest a rapid jump in mesocale wind forecasts. The present result with respect to a surface heterogeneity at a typical scale (20 km) of city characterizes the modifications needed for the subgrid scale parameterization schemes used in classical weather forecasting mesoscale models.

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Numerical study on the effect of inclination angle with sinusoidal heating on top moving lid in two-dimensional square cavity is investigated. The top lid is heated sinusoidally while the bottom wall is maintained at cold temperature. The vertical walls are insulated and the cavity is filled with water. Finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm are employed to solve the dimensionless governing equations. The effect of Richardson number, ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 and inclination angle ranging from 0° to 60° on heat and fluid flow are investigated by utilizing the discretized equations in FORTRAN programming language. The Reynolds number and Prandtl number are fixed. Finally the solutions are discussed using a graphical approach. The results demonstrate that for the case of forced convection and mixed convection dominated regime, heat transfer rate increases with the increase of cavity inclination.

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In this paper, a study of steady fluid flow of non-Newtonian type with partial slip between the boundaries was conducted. The homotopy perturbation method (HPM) linked with Pade approximation is used to solve the one-dimensional nonlinear momentum equation (which is certainly moving with a constant pressure gradient). The analytical solution obtained in the current paper has been compared with the result obtained by [6],and was found to be in excellent agreement. Therefore, HPM will surely be useful in handling many cases, like: an infinite boundary value problems or semi-infinite domains. Finally, the results are presented in tables and graphs.

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Today, the knowledge of using natural ventilation in buildings with consideration of traditional architecture of different areas, has become an important factor to consider in the buildings. The focus is on increasing the quality of space regarding to climate and environmental parameters. Iran is a country with vast and different types of climate and each one has come with it’s own harmonic way and response in architecture. In these study conventional traditional buildings exposed to the hot and humid weather in the northern coast of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea is considered. The wind catcher is widely applied in these areas to enhance the natural ventilation in buildings. Studying the regional measures of the local expert architects can contribute to a suitable building design for such a climate. This paper aims to study how the wind catcher works by the wind-tunnel testing and CFD simulations. The main objective of this research is to discover how a wind catcher works by considering climate situations of a tropical region. The results show that increasing the height optimizes a wind catcher’s performance by taking other appropriate variables. Furthermore, this study shows that the proposed system, even at relatively low speed outdoor wind, is able to create ventilation in a residential unit. According to the results of the wind-tunnel test and CFD simulations, the wind catcher can be used in hot and humid tropical areas to help create thermal comfort in green buildings by increasing the natural ventilation.

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This paper will focus on the behavior of mist spray using the internal mixing twin fluid atomizer (Delavan AL75) with a different pressure of fluids. The cleaner nozzle selection should be emphasized intended to provide a healthy environment in an indoor cooking area that reduce the pollution and wastage. The kitchen exhaust ventilation system is the process of neutralizing the contaminated air in the cooking space through the cleaning process. The pressure of fluids in this study is 1bar, 2bar and 3bar at room temperature of 25 ? to 30 ? with humidity of 65% to 70%. The direct image analysis technique applied in analysing each picture of spray taken using the camera 550D/T2i then the image transfer to Solidworks for measure spray angle and penetrations. From the analysis, there was a mist spray formation in the form of cone angle with elongation penetration is low and spray angle increased wider than the existing nozzle. The behavior of mist spray can be summarized when the air pressure increases, flow decreases and increases atomiser formation. The type of internal mixture nozzle can be applied for kitchen hood cleaning process. Therefore, the water consumptions can be reduced in kitchen ventilation hoods water wash (KVE-WW).

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Surgeries for replacement of artificial heart valves became more common and frequently used because of artificial heart valve failure. Determining the reason of the failure and finding suitable solutions require deep knowledge about artificial heart valve behavior and operation. The reasons of valve failure are related to the patient’s body and the valve design. The compatibility of the valve to a human body is associated with the dynamics of blood flow and the materials used to manufacture the valve. When blood flows through the arteries and valves, blood exerts forces at the valve components, thereby causing flow-induced vibration, which may damage the valve. In this study, fluid–structure interaction techniques to computational fluid dynamics analysis were used to investigate the effects of vibrations occurring via computer simulation. To obtain the optimal design of shear stress, the shear stress of the connection pin of an artificial heart valve were calculated and compared with the shear stress of the connection pin in the literature. At Reynolds number of 250, the excitation frequencies increased from 94.24 rad/sec to 126.9 rad/sec, which resulted in a 75% increase in shear stress values at the connection pin valve at a fully closed angle of 85°. The increase in frequency may cause resonance phenomenon, which will cause damage to the artificial heart valve components. Consequently, the blood components will also be damaged, thereby causing an increase in blood clogging occurrence downstream of the artificial heart valve.

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In case of fire in an offshore oil platform the safe evacuation of people from the hazardous location is of great concern. This study investigates the safety evacuation path provided in petroleum offshore platform for occupant evacuation under fire conditions by using FDS – Evac CFD software. It was found that the evacuation time obtained from the CFD – evacuation simulation results is within the accuracy of around 97% as compared with the standard evacuation time used in an offshore platform. Results also showed that seventy one people at ground deck will be exposed to the high temperature of 300°C, which can cause 3rd degree burn or death. Evacuation of occupants from the upper decks (2nd, 3rd and 4th) is found to be safe. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended to install a fire resistant wall at the evacuation egress route in order to prevent occupants from being exposed to high temperature during evacuation.

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T-junction, or commonly known as stand pipe appendage, is used by oil/gas industries to tap gas from existing production header for the purpose of downstream pipeline instrumentation. The appendage is either pre-design or retro fitted with minimum internals for maximum reliability for remote deployment. The motivation for this research originated from the lack of stand-pipe design method to correctly account for the splitting/separation nature of multiphase fluid within the pipeline straight from the production header. Consequently, a certain amount of liquid migrates together with the gas, resulting in the so-called carryover issue. This situation is further aggravated by the different flow regimes in the header pipeline which is not taken into account by the design practice. The negative consequences of this carryover on the operation of downstream unit have often led to frequent trip and maintenance issues. Therefore, understanding the behavior of gas-liquid flow through T-junction is essence on optimizing the gas phase separation. This study aims to examine the effect of phase volume fraction on the separation of gas-liquid in a T-junction pipe. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation by means of ANSYS-CFX is employed to model and solve the fundamental mass, momentum and turbulent equations. The computed solutions are compared with experimental data and a satisfactory agreement is achieved. Results show that the gas separation efficiency increases as the initial gas volume fractions increases.

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This paper elaborates on the recognition of identical and fraternal twins by using photo plethysmogram (PPG) signals as an alternative to current techniques of identifying twins for biometric purposes. Based on our knowledge, the study on PPG based biometric for identical and fraternal twins is under-researched. Thus, this issue will be the main focus of our study. PPG samples of nine subjects consisting of two identical twins and another two fraternal twins were collected for experimentation procedures. Next, a low pass filter was used to remove the noise in the signal. Then, the feature extraction process is performed by selecting unique features of PPG signals from an individuals and later classifying the datasets using Naïve Bayes (NB) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). Based on the experimentation results, classification accuracies of 97.2% and 93.5% were achieved from the overall dataset and 97.9% of accuracies were achieved from identical twin while 96.7% and 98.3% were achieved from fraternal twins when using NB and MLP respectively. The output of the study suggest the capability of the proposed system to identify the identical and fraternal twins which can act as a compliment to existing recognition approaches.

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In this paper, the prospect of harvesting energy from flow induced-vibration of a square cylinder is assessed. The extraction of energy from the flow is attained by mounting the square cylinder on a one-degree elastic system with a mass-damping (m*?) of 2.75. Open FOAM®, an open source CFD package is used to model the flow induced motion of the square cylinder. A theoretical formulation to estimate the lift force acting on the square cylinder is derived to confirm the results obtained by the simulation. A good agreement between the results is obtained. The amplitude vibration and lift force are then used to estimate the power induced by the oscillating square cylinder. Energy in the micro scale range can be harvested from this flow induced-vibration system. This type of alternative green energy is suitable for the micro energy harvester system required for sensors in many engineering structure for health monitoring purpose.

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An autonomous underwater glider is a self-propelled underwater vehicle which is designed primarily for oceanography. It moves with low speed in saw-tooth pattern and has long endurance. The vertical motion of the glider is controlled by changing its buoyancy and its wings convert this vertical motion into horizontal motion. The hydrodynamic coefficients of glider will dictate its performance and possible applications. In this paper, the impact of rectangular and tapered wings on the hydrodynamics coefficient of a glider and the corresponding glide velocity was investigated using ANSYS Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) turbulence model and FLUENT flow solver. The lift force of a rectangular wing is higher with less drag force compared to tapered wings. A glider with tapered wings glider will have a larger glide angle and is therefore suitable of deep ocean applications.

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In this paper, a 3-D simulation of complex flows in a centrifugal pump (EN 80-400, Pumpiran) was performed utilizing computational fluid dynamics methods. The standard k -e model with standard wall functions and SIMPLE algorithm were chosen for turbulence model and pressure-velocity coupling respectively. The moving reference frame was used to calculate the interaction between impeller-volute in steady condition. Also grid independency study were performed. Flow field inside impeller in the static pressure contour, path lines and velocity vector plot were shown. The head coefficients and radial force at different flow rates were predicted and they agree well with the experimental data of this pump. In all simulation results the effect of volute tongue on the flow field was described. Finally the interpretations of results indicated that for efficiency enhancement, volute requires to redesign.

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Intake system is one of the crucial sub-systems in engine which can inflict significant effect on the air-fuel mixing, combustion, fuel consumption, as well as exhaust gases formation. There are many parameters that will influence engine performances. Good engine breathing is required to get better air flow rate to the engine. One of the methods includes the improvement of intake system by modifying the intake port design. This paper presents the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis on two engines with different intake port shapes. Dimensionless parameters like discharge coefficient and flow coefficient are used to quantify the changes in intake flow at different valve lifts variation. Results show that when valve lift increases, this inflicted the increase in discharge coefficient because of greater mass flow rate of induction air. Both flow and discharge coefficient is dependent on valve lift. Flow analysis proved the relationship by computing the increase of flow coefficient as valve opening increase. The computed analysis shows that different intake port shapes does bring significant effect on discharge coefficient and flow coefficient.

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The aerodynamics problems of train commonly come when the flow pass through train body. The increasing speed of train to achieve highly technology demands has led to increase the forces and moments and increase sensitivity of train stability and may cause the train to overturn. In this paper, two prisms arranged in tandem represent a simplified model of high speed train are performed at different yaw angle ranging from 0° to 90° by using the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) equation combined with k-? SST turbulence model. The Reynolds number is 3.14x105 based on height of the train and the free stream velocity. The aerodynamic quantities such as the side force, lift force and drag force coefficient show a similar trend where the forces increase with the yaw angle until a certain critical yaw angle before start to decrease till the yaw angle of 90°. The flow structure around the train under the effect of crosswind is visualized. The vorticiticy start to form from the nose and slowly drifts away further towards the trailing edge. The two-dimensional mean streamlines on the cross-section of train at different yaw angle show that the size of vortex increase as the yaw angle increase. Time averaged pressure contour plotted on the cross section along x-axis show the variation of region between high pressure and low pressure region on the leeward and windward side of the train model that may cause train to overturn.

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Leachate is a wastewater from infiltration of water from external sources to waste dump, it was washed and solubled the organic and inorganic materials. These complex materials dissolved or suspended in dumping area. It has physical, biological and chemical decomposes. The treatment of leachate depended on its characteristics. While this leachate characteristics also depending on how its made and accumulated. This experiment determined the effect of temperatures for seeding and acclimatization to pH, COD, BOD and production of biogas (as pressure). The bioreactor has volume of 27 liters. The microorganisms were from cow rumen, it has a ratio of 1 : 3 of rumen and leachate with filtration step to get the extract. The seeding process and acclimation time was 10-14 days with three variations of temperatures. The result showed, pH range from seeding process was 6.2-7.8. pH range from acclimation process was 6.4-7.9. The biogas pressure from temperature of 35oC > temperature of 45oC > ambient temperature. Biogas pressure of ambient temperature, temperature 35°C and temperature 45°C was 210 mmH2O, 359 mmH2O and 310 mmH2O respectively. The reduction of COD and BOD was 58.93% and 52.37% respectively.

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This paper presents the results of an experimental work carried out at Varroc Engineering Private Limited, an automobile industry, located in Maharashtra, India. Aim of this experimental work is to improve productivity of shaping division of the industry by reducing setup time and tool change time. For this, Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) methodology is applied along with Kaizen. Suitable design improvements of critical components viz. clamping fixture and tie rod are also done. Implementation of these resulted in reduction of setup time by 82.44% and tool change time by 44.21%. This helped to produce additional 23 jobs/ shift with same input. Therefore, it is concluded that modifying the existing practices results in significant reduction in setup time and tool change time ultimately improving productivity.

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In the reservoirs it is known that in addition to formation water, oil and natural gas, there is carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in high concentrations, whose effect on the durability of the cement placed behind the coater is unknown and constitutes the object of The present investigation. This research considered in the design and implementation of two experiments in the laboratory that allowed evaluating the effect of the CO2 on the durability of the cement. Both experiments were carried out on samples of Class-G API cement which were exposed to different conditions of high pressure and temperature inside one liter capacity Parr stainless steel reactors in environments of supercritical CO2 super saturation, The characteristics of the test specimens were then evaluated through tests such as VPU (ultrasonic pulse velocity), XRD (X-ray diffraction), compression strength, among others. The results obtained allowed to conclude that in the studied conditions the carbonation and retrogression phenomena occur simultaneously, which affect in a different way the durability of the cement. Retrogression involves micro fracture of the cement which results in loss of compressive strength and in the creation of flow channels, whereas carbonation initially implies increased compressive strength followed by loss of resistance due to the dissolution of calcium of the cement. The net loss of compressive strength is close to 50%; this results in loss of cement durability, which is one of the possible causes of water channeling in fields rich in carbon dioxide.

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High energy density of hydrocarbon fuels creates ample number of opportunities to develop small scale power generating systems to satisfy the increasing demands of portable power generating systems and localized small scale (i.e. few mW to W) power generation. Major issue associated with these devices is limitation on its size. Component which actually generates the source of power (i.e. heat) is a combustor. So precise selection of the combustor plays a significant role in the development of the small scale power generation. Decreasing scale of the combustor increases surface to volume ratio, which enhances the heat loss to the environment. Increased heat loss to the environment results into decreased into flame stability which is important to generate heat at constant rate from the combustor. Flame stability at small scale of the combustor depends upon mainly geometry, materials and thermal balance in the combustor. In order to study flame stability limits with respect to the various parameters governing combustion, present review is conducted on effect of materialistic properties of the small scale combustors on its thermal performance. Parameters like material, flow velocity, equivalence ratio are focused mainly. Different materials (viz. Aluminium, Brass, Stainless steel, Copper, macor and Zirconium phosphate etc.) affecting performance of the combustor were reported in the earlier studies are discussed in detail. Effect of materials properties on flame stability is discussed in detail. Different phenomenon’s like heat loss, flammability limits, flash back and blow out, heat recirculation and peak temperature of the combustor were found to be the dominant parameters in the studies conducted. Findings of every section have included. Suggestions for future work have included.

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Present paper investigate the effect of varying flow velocity and direction on flow separation, recirculation, flow patterns, adverse pressure gradient and other flow phenomena. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has become a more useful techniques for studying application used in fluid flows. Unfortunately very high price and safety concerns of using Class IV lasers prevent this technology being used most of projects and researches. Recently, however, a relatively inexpensive and safe "educational Particle Image Velocimetry (ePIV)" system with web based interactive software was developed. This novel technology is an instrument that can be used in diverse educational settings because of its effectiveness as an education tool, high-tech appeal, compact size, low cost and safety and it was used in the present paper. It was found that for the first velocity value, the flow upstream of step model starts to sense the first gradual reduction in flow passage by increasing of velocity magnitude in both directions x and y components in addition to a small deviation in vector direction towards the open area in flow passage also it is revealed that for almost half of the gradual step height, the velocity possess a lower values of velocity similar to that of the upstream one with a some shift in direction from the main flow direction. It was concluded that PIV technique is very important method for measurement of flow field and can be utilized by any researcher easily. Also, the ePIV system allows incorporating experiment with theory which stimulates creativity. In addition, the gradual step model tends to create a vortex area results from the stagnation of the flow near the curvature surface which leads to accelerate the flow towards the narrow passage at a closer regimes to the step model.

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This paper presents the design of a speed control for a DC motor using fuzzy logic by software LabView, is also a literature review the design and implementation environment is presented by fuzzy logic describing the materials and methods used. Various processes on the subject highlighting the idea, creation, development and implementation of intelligent control and finally the results considering the application and development for this purpose are presented exposed.

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The purpose of this work is to use an online time delay estimation obtained from artificial data in order to update the prediction model of the model-based controller algorithm. The performance of the closed-loop system to track a reference is evaluated. The disturbance rejection is analyzed when some step disturbances are applied to the closed-loop system output.

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In this paper, a mathematical model based on the kinetic scheme of the copolymerization of a-methylstyrene and maleic anhydride was built. The mathematical model is a system of ordinary differential equations whose dimension tends to infinity, because of the infinite number of the reaction components. Applying the method of statistical moments, infinite system of ordinary differential equations is reduced to a system with a finite number of equations and becomes solvable. Numerical solution of the target system to determine the average molecular properties such as number average and weight average molecular weights and polydispersity index.

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In the previous Part I, a mathematical model was proposed to correlate the travel distance of the drops from the irrigation sprinkler with the drops water volume. In the current work, the mathematical model was transformed in an indirect method to calculate the sprinkler drop-size spectra and hence in an algorithm implemented in a spreadsheet. These spectra were compared with two experimental data groups available in literature. The comparison between the predicted and experimental values of the two cumulative droplet-size distribution curves, considering the maximum absolute difference (dKS), showed a good precision with a Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic dKS equal to 0.076 and to 0.111 respectively, depending on two experimental data groups used.

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At our current state of technological development, the designs being proposed for the “channeling of a turbine” based on wind power, commonly called DAWT (Diffuser-Augmented) or CWAT (Compact-Acceleration), utilize a diffuser (divergent) shaped as an airfoil. Further developments of the concept have brought about the introduction of other winged-profiled ring structures behind or in front of the entrance to the divergent making the design more complicated as well as more expensive due to the difficulty of producing correct contours. Even though this results in an increase in power, it usually is limited to slightly more than a four-fold increase at most. In addition, brims (wing-lens) have been recently added around the external edges of the diffuser. Nonetheless, brims thus designed, are not suitable for use in a river due to the significant stress that the structure as a whole needs to withstand. No design, proposed until now, includes a convergent at the entrance to a turbine due to the obstruction effect that it has on the flow of water into the turbine, slowing it down and thereby reducing the acceleration produced by the “channelizing” divergent. This article will introduce an innovative convergent-divergent to which can be inserted a hydro-kinetic turbine which will increase the maximum output power available 12.7 times compared with a free turbine.

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Low heat input is the most common welding parameters selected in industries application due to its ability to produce refined microstructure, less stress and distortion of weldment. However, low heat input haslimit penetration and can result in weaken the weldment joint. Recently, high heat input parameter is widely used in shipping industry where it provide deeper penetration. However, high heat input can cause coarse microstructure and decrease weldment toughness which lead to greater amount of distortions. Due to this issue, it is important to know the real effects of applied heat input to the steel microstructure. In this study, two types of carbon steels undergo Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process were investigated to find the effects of low, medium and high heat input on steel microstructures, respectively. From this study, the results revealed that heat input parameters were effect the carbon steel at Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) size, Coarse Grain Heat Affected Zone (CGHAZ) area and Fusion Line (FL) length.

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Acacia mangium is an exotic species grows wildly and widely planted in Malaysia, as an effort for reforestation and also known to be used in pulp and paper industries. The objectives of this study is to determine 5 chemical composition (extractives, holocellulose, a-cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin) in 2 different parts (wood and bark) from 3 different portions (bottom, middle and top) of small diameter wild Acacia mangium. Samples were collected from Jeli, approximately 10 kilometers from University Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Jeli Campus, Kelantan with diameter around 5-8 cm. Samples were then grounded using laboratory grade mill into powder form for chemical composition analysis. All analyses were done according to Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) standard method, except for hemicelluloses which is the data collected through equation. All the data and results were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post Hoc test. Results acquired reveals that extractives content was highest in bark part from bottom portion (15.03%). Highest holocellulose percentage can be found in wood part of top portion (85.99%) and the highest of a-cellulose content is in wood part from top portion (49.84%), meanwhile the highest of hemicelluloses content can be found in wood part from top portion (36.15%). Lignin percentage is the highest in bark part of bottom portion (31.18%). This study has determined small diameter wild Acacia mangium as a useful alternative resource in pulp and paper industries.

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Former quarry sites have become a privileged site for infrastructure development due to their restricted locations in hilly areas as they are isolated from the hectic urban life. Besides, the quarry floors are chosen for reclamation and earthworks because of the good transportation networks, relatively flat and sound bedrock of the quarry. However, rock slope face form during quarry operation has high potential for hazard because of instability issues. The nature of rock slopes which have overhangs, loose block, height, have poor accessibility, do not have any bench and do not have proper mitigation measures can cause problems. Rock slope stability assessment conducted showed that rock slopes have the potential for multiple failures either in planar, wedge, toppling or combination between these failures. Field mapping has verified this potential failure in the field. The classification of rock mass using rock mass classification (RMR) indicated that the rock mass can be categorized as fair.

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Tapinoma sessile is the second most dominant ant pest in Malaysia. Synthetic pest repellent effectively protects against pest. However, there is a problem because the use of synthetic repellent has led to accumulation of residue and it is toxic to human. Plant based insect repellents are believed to be comparable or better alternatives to synthetic repellent. In this study, chilli (Capsicum annuum), black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extracts were tested for repellence and lethal activity on Tapinoma sessile. In plant extraction process, a powdered plant sample was soaked in ethanol and the solvent was removed using rotary evaporator to obtain plant extracts. Filter paper tests were carried out to evaluate the repellence and lethal activity of plant extracts at 10% (v/v), 25% (v/v) and 50% (v/v) concentration towards T. sessile for three hours of exposure respectively. Statistical analysis of one way ANOVA, Tukey test and Probit analysis were performed. The treatment by C. annuum at 25% (v/v) concentration showed the most efficient repellent activity as its effectiveness is comparable to repellence activity of all three plant extracts at 50% concentration which is >90% repellence. For lethal activity, the findings revealed that C. annuum has the strongest insecticidal activity among the three plants with LC99 value 32% compared to C. zeylanicum and P. nigrum (both LC99are 41%). Based on the findings, all three plants are used in this study might be considered to be effective repellents and insecticides against T. sessile. This study provides new alternatives to dangerous synthetic ant repellents and insecticides that commonly used worldwide.

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Precast concrete products are usually manufactured through steam curing to increase productivity in plants. However, few studies have comprehensively investigated the effect of steam curing on the early strength development of concrete products. This study focused on the manufacturing pattern involving two steam-curing cycles per day, where strength development characteristics crucially affect the strength and quality of the stripped products. The effects of steam-curing temperature and mix constituents on early strength development characteristics were examined using two equivalent age equations: maturity rule and Arrhenius law; characteristics obtained using the Arrhenius Law were found to be more accurate.

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The rheological properties and workability of fresh mortar were investigated under both static condition and vibration. Also, in the case with various unit water of fresh mortar, the case with investigated in different flow value caused by changing quantity of additive and mixing of different materials. Viscosity of the fresh mortar got increased and the yield value got decreased under the vibration compared with static condition. The fresh mortar which has larger plastic viscosity takes longer time to achieve appropriate consolidation. The case that fresh mortar with different material and mix proportions showed varied change amount of rheological property and performance of fluid under vibration.

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For general reinforcement of the concrete have a strong alkaline environment, it does not rust by the passive film made on the surface. But, passive film by neutralization progresses is destroyed corrosion of rebar begins to. Formation of the film when the salt is present will be incomplete to induce the rebar corrosion caused the salt damage. Rebar corrosion of this salt damage in the concrete is accelerated by the presence of chloride ion. Cause cracking and peeling volume expansion of corrosion products in concrete. A phenomenon that does not function structures due to corrosion of reinforcing bar. As a measure of the reinforced concrete structure by which damage from salt water was a factor, the section repair material in which the nitrite type hydrocalumite salinity absorbent was mixed has been developed. The epoxy resin to which the nanocrystal layered double hydroxides which is a salinity absorbent agent was added is developed as new repairing materials, grasp and inspection of the basic nature about the salinity absorb effect were performed. As a result, it shows that chloride ion is absorbed in the state including the salt in the sodium chloride aqueous solution and the cement paste.

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The project uses shape identification algorithm and Histogram of Oriented Gradient principle to detect and count the total number of mango on its tree using a quad copter with an attachable webcam. The traditional method in harvesting mango has its limitation which leads to the degradation of harvested mango’s quality. As a result, the rate of production and the structure of the tree will be dampening. Hence, usage of image processing algorithm could be a solution for a better and more precise mango’s pre-harvesting process. It differentiates the mango and its leaf based on the images captured on real scene and thus forecast the growth rate of the mango tree for time being. Tallness of the mango tree and location of mango would not affect farmer’s capability to inspect the mango as the drone hovers according to user’s intention. It is expected to provide an alternate review for the mango grower, agricultural developer and investor.

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The development of an algorithm for inspection and quality checking using machine vision was discussed in this paper. The design of the algorithm is to detect the sign of defect when a sample of the product is used for inspection purposes. It is also designed to track specific color of product and conduct the inspection process. Programming language of python and open source computer vision library were used to design the inspection algorithm based on the algorithm required to achieve the inspection task. Illumination and surrounding environment were considered during the design as it may affect the quality of image acquisitioned by image sensor. Experiment and set-up by using CMOS image sensor were conducted to test the designed algorithm for effectiveness evaluation. The experimental results were obtained and are represented in graphical form for further analysis purposes. Besides, analysis and discussion were made based on the obtained results through the experiments. The designed algorithm is able to perform the inspection by sample object detection and differentiate between good and defect unit.

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