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ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences
May 2021 | Vol. 16 No. 9 |
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Title: |
A Response Surface Method for the
preparation of N-Lauroyl lysine from medium chain fatty acid catalyzed
by sodium metoxide |
Author (s): |
Zuhrina Masyithah, Nuraina R. Purba,
Muhammad Syukri and Armansyah Ginting |
Abstract: |
N-lauroyl
lysine is a non-ionic surfactant obtained from the synthesis of
medium-chain fatty acids with lysine. This study aims to obtain data on
the effect of the molar of a substrate, solvent ratio, and catalyst
concentration on the fact of lauric acid (LA) conversion by compiling
and observing a mathematical model with Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
Lauric acid is a medium-chain fatty acid amidized with lysine and sodium
methylate catalyst in a solvent mixture of 2-propanol and n-hexane. In
the optimization stage, with the variables of lysine to a fatty acid
molar ratio (2-4 M), solvent ratio (1-3 v/wLA), catalyst concentration
(3-7 w/wLA), with a temperature of 55oC and reaction time 2 hours, the
maximum conversion is 85.94%. The results showed that the independent
variables affected the conversion with an R2 value of 84.85%. Analysis
of the sample results using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
to confirm the formation of N-lauroyl-lysine. |
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Title: |
Sumudu transform method for finding the
transverse natural harmonic vibration frequencies of Euler-Bernoulli
beams |
Author (s): |
Charles Chinwuba Ike |
Abstract: |
The
determination of the natural frequencies of flexural vibrations of
Euler-Bernoulli beams is a vital consideration in their analysis and
design for dynamic loads. This paper presents the Sumudu transform
method for the determination of the natural frequencies of
Euler-Bernoulli beams under transverse free harmonic vibration for
different boundary conditions. The end support conditions considered
are: (a) simply supported at both bends, (b) clamped at both ends, (c)
clamped-free ends (d) clamped-simply supported ends, and (e) simply
supported-clamped ends. The governing partial differential equation is
converted by the Sumudu transformation to an integral equation, which
upon evaluation becomes an algebraic equation. The solution gives the
dynamic modal displacement shape function in the Sumudu transform space
V(u). Inversion gives the dynamic modal displacement function in the
physical problem space V(x). The enforcement of boundary conditions for
the end supports considered yielded systems of homogeneous equations.
The condition for nontrivial solutions is used to determine the
characteristic frequency equation for each considered boundary
condition. It is found that the characteristic frequency equation has an
infinite number of eigenvalues (roots or zeros) corresponding to the
continuously distributed parameter model of idealization of the problem.
The characteristic frequency equations obtained are solved for the n
roots using computational software methods, Symbolic Algebra Software
and Mathematica Software to obtain the eigenvalues (zeros or roots) for
any (n) vibration mode. The eigenvalues are then used to obtain the
eigenfrequencies or natural frequencies of flexural vibration for each
considered boundary conditions. It is found that closed form solutions
obtained are identical to the solutions in the literature; obtained by
classical methods of separation of variables and eigenfunction expansion
methods. |
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Title: |
Stability Analysis and Heat Transfer of
Rayleigh - Bénard convection of Bingham Fluid through a vertical channel
in a porous media |
Author (s): |
J. Murali kumar, Y. V. K. Ravi Kumar and
M. N. Rajasheker |
Abstract: |
The
studies on gravity modulation are made for non-internal heating systems.
However, in many practically important situations the material offers
its own source of heat and this leads to a setting up of different
convective flow in a fluid layer through internal heating. Here we
considered Stability Analysis and Heat Transfer of Rayleigh convection
in a Bingham Fluid in a porous media with heat generation is explored by
making a linear stability investigation. The steadiness of a flat layer
of liquid heat-generation from inside is analyzed by accepting
time-period of the power within the sight of the source. The impact of
gravity regulation on the beginning of Rayleigh-Bénard convection a
standard perturbation technique is used to show up at an articulation to
process the basic Rayleigh number for little and dimensionless inner
heat source. The Venezian approach is embraced to acquire the eigen
estimation of the issue. The buoyancy effects will occur when the
Rayleigh number exceeds a certain critical values are found. |
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Title: |
Analysis of strontium addition on Al-Si-Mg
aluminum alloys |
Author (s): |
Salahuddin Junus, Prasetya EkaIndradiant,
Gaguk Jatisukamto, Welayaturromadhona and Achmad Fitoyo |
Abstract: |
The
use of metal based materials has high potentials following the
development of the automotive industry. It follows the increase of
demand in automotive vehicles, machine components, and many more.
Aluminum is a type of metal that is of interest in the industry. The
lightweight aluminum properties and corrosion resistance make aluminum
widely used in various industries. Al-Si-Mg alloy is one alloy that is
able to increase the strength of aluminium. The purpose of this study is
to understand the addition of strontium modifiers and the expected
improvement of mechanical properties of Al-Si-Mg alloys. The addition of
strontium, in general, is able to change the shape of eutectic silicon
particles from the form of acicular particles into finer shapes. The
results showed that the addition of strontium modifiers in Al-Si-Mg
alloys was able to increase tensile strength and hardness. The results
of the observation of the microstructure were found to change the shape
of eutectic silicon particles with the addition of a strontium modifier.
The addition of strontium found the micro-change of eutectic acicular
silicon structure to fibrous in the Al-Si-Mg alloy. |
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Title: |
Reduction of fluctuations in nuclear
reactivity using the Simpson’s 3/8 rule |
Author (s): |
Daniel Suescún-Díaz, Jesús A. Chala-Casanova
and Freddy Humberto Escobar |
Abstract: |
This
article studies the reduction of fluctuations in the calculation of
nuclear reactivity using the Simpson’s 3/8 rule and a 1st order low-pass
filter. Numerical experiments are performed for several time steps and
standard deviations. It is assumed that the density of the neutron
population has Gaussian noise around a mean value. The results indicate
that the method can be used for time steps of up to 0.1s with standard
deviations of up to 0.1 without having any limitation on the assumption
of the neutron density form. |
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Title: |
Artificial neural network models for the
prediction of asphaltene onset pressure (AOP) in oil reservoirs |
Author (s): |
Cristian Loaiza, Jairo Sepúlveda, Germán
Arce and Vladimir Mosquera |
Abstract: |
Formation damage caused by asphaltene precipitation is one of the most
serious problems that can appear to a greater or lesser degree in
practically all the stages of production, transportation, and processing
of crude oil. Asphaltenes tend to destabilize under certain conditions
of pressure, temperature, composition, and flow regime, causing them to
aggregate, flocculate, precipitate, and deposit into the porous medium.
One of the most popular techniques to evaluate this phenomenon is
through the determination of asphaltene onset pressure (AOP). The term
"onset" represents the point at which the first solid particle forms
after asphaltene destabilization. Thus, in this work, highlights of
different artificial neural network models (ANN) developed to predict
AOP of oil reservoirs are presented. The research process was carried
out in 3 different stages. The first approach was published in 2016. The
ANN model was called Neuross-Asph, which was constructed with two
self-organizing maps (SOM) and one feed-forward back-propagation
network. Later, a modified version of the Neuross-Asph model was
introduced in 2018. An extensive statistical analysis (ANOVA) was
performed to determine the most appropriate ANN input parameters.
Finally, a new ANN version was developed in 2019. In this stage, a fully
connected neural network, called AsphPy, was implemented to predict the
onset pressure of several crude oil samples. The main advantage of all
proposed models was the use of few and accessible data as input
parameters. Model predictions showed a good match with the experimental
information. Consequently, the strategy designed was appropriate since
the network topologies considered the relationships that have more
influence on asphaltene precipitation. |
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Title: |
Studying the oxygen requirement for
aeration systems in wastewater treatment plants |
Author (s): |
Mona A. Abdel-Fatah, Ahmed Abd El Maguid
and Ashraf Amin |
Abstract: |
Aeration system is an essential part of wastewater plants. Aeration
system represents the major energy consuming element in the wastewater
treatment plants. Mathematical model is developed to calculate the
energy usage for the diffusion and mechanical aeration systems. To
evaluate the model parameters, oxygen transfer in clean water was
studied. The model parameters were estimated using non-linear regression
method. The model can be used to predict the oxygen and energy
requirements for diffused-air and mechanical aeration systems. For 1000
m3/day, the size of aeration system will be 10.6 kW using mechanical
aeration system or 31.3 kW using diffused aeration system. The
calculation indicated that using diffused aeration system will increase
energy requirements by more than 200%. However, the calculation is only
valid for the system under study. The article represents a simplified
mathematical model to estimate the energy requirements for the
mechanical and diffused aeration systems. |
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Title: |
1-D simulation of the characteristics of
fuel pressure pulsations and injected fuel mass variations caused by a
high-pressure GDI pump operation |
Author (s): |
Choong Hoon Lee |
Abstract: |
In
general, a GDI (gasoline direct injection) engine uses a single-piston
type of high-pressure fuel pump (HPFP) driven by a camshaft. When the
HPFP that pressurizes the fuel by a reciprocating piston operates, the
pressure of the delivered fuel pulsates. If the fuel rail pressure (FRP)
pulsation increases past a certain point, the fluctuation of the fuel
injection rate also increases and the parts may be damaged. The FRP
pulsation induced by a HPFP was computer simulated. The mitigation
effect of the FRP pulsation with an orifice connecting the HPFP outlet
and the fuel rail was investigated. Fuel pressure waves at both the HPFP
outlet and the fuel rail were simulated according to changes of the
opening and closing timing of a PCV (pressure control valve) in the HPFP.
The signal-to-noise ratio from the simulated pressure wave was
calculated. The fuel injection rate was also simulated. Three cases of
fuel rail pressure conditions were used in the simulation: 50, 100, and
150 bar. In addition, four different engine speed conditions were used:
1500, 3000, 4500, and 6000 rpm. Three orifice diameters were also used:
0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 mm. When the PCV opening time came before the TDC and
the engine speed was high, the pressure pulsation and injected fuel mass
variation were appeared to belarge. When the PCV opening time was later
than the TDC, there was no pressure pulsation and little variation in
the injected fuel mass for all simulation condition. |
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Title: |
Efficiency of using biochar and drought
tolerant maize varieties in costal sandy soil area of Thanh Hoa province |
Author (s): |
Le Sy Chung, Nguyen Manh Khai, Pham Anh
Hung, Tran Thi Hong, Le Sy Chinh, Tran Thien Cuong, Le Anh Tuan and Le
Xuan Thai |
Abstract: |
The
coastal area of Thanh Hoa province has a large proportion of sandy
soils, about 24% of the natural land; this is a group of land with poor
water and nutrition holding capacity. Studies show that biochar can
improve soil environment, improve soil production through reducing
acidity, increasing cation exchange capacity, increasing water and
nutrient holding capacity. In addition, with advances in plant
varieties, in Vietnam, hybrid varieties of maize with drought, cold
tolerance, and good productivity and quality have been developed. This
study conducted two factors: the amount of biochar applied and the
drought tolerant maize varieties to evaluate the effects of biochar as
well as the maize varieties in the dry sandy soil condition in coastal
areas of Thanh Hoa province. Research results show that, when applying
biochar at 5 tons / ha, the yield of maize varieties reaches the highest
and is equivalent to applying 10 tons of manure. As such, biochar can
replace manure used in maize cultivation in the study area. Experimental
results of three drought tolerant maize varieties showed that, with the
amount biochar applied was 5 tons / ha, the variety LVN061 has higher
actual productivity than the two varieties of LVN092 and LVN17. For
LVN061 maize variety, the level of fertilizing 10 tons of manure, 5 tons
of biochar and 6 tons of biochar achieved the highest productivity and
were similar at the 95% confidence level. With biochar applied at 5 tons
/ ha, the maize varieties actual productivity more than 6 tons / ha,
higher than the current average maize actual productivity in the study
area (below 6 tons / ha). The economically optimal amount of biochar
applied for the three maize varieties LVN092, LVN17 and LVN061 were 4.98
tons / ha, 4.81 tons / ha and 4.65 tons / ha respectively. This is the
amount of fertilizing for high economic efficiency as well as ensuring
nutrition supply for growing maize. |
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Title: |
Automated classroom resource note ontology
generation using semantic knowledge graph |
Author (s): |
Oke Akinniran O. and Eze Monday |
Abstract: |
An
artificial intelligence solution for automation of classroom note
ontology generation using semantic knowledge graph was proposed. This
research serves as a ground work solution to challenges faced in schools
as a result of inadequate and poor note formation in Nigeria school
context. The solution leverages on semantic web while emphasizing on web
scrapping concept, output from the former leading to enhancement by
Apache Stanbol which generates ontologies adoptable and viewable by
Neo4j database tool. The application extended the Online Education
System (OES) learning management system while using Jboss application
server and this leads to improvement of OES learning management system
with Artificial Intelligence learning platform. In implementing this
work, Java Programming Language Enterprise Edition (J2EE) was used with
MySQL database with Apache Stanbol Restful API. Neosemantics API was
also used in Neo4j Graph Database for displace of semantic knowledge
graph generated. Finally, based on the topic area resource location, a
Resource Development File (RDF) or Turtle file was generated by the
system and this resulted in ontologies in a file. |
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Title: |
How Green Ergonomic meet Eco-Efficiency in
the batik industry |
Author (s): |
Etika Muslimah, Kevin Wais, Muhammad
Arsyad Rifai, Sudjito Soeparman, Bagyo Yanuwiyadi, Harsuko Riniwati, Muchlison Anis
and Much Djunaidi |
Abstract: |
Batik
is a genuine Indonesian product and has been its cultural heritage for
several decades. The production process is mostly conducted manually by
many small industries in different cities such as Solo, Yogyakarta,
Pekalongan, Cirebon, Madura, and others. The small batik industry,
however, has some limitations including simple production technology,
marketing, human resources, and the knowledge of the impact of batik
production on the environment. The purpose of this study was to
recommend a workstation design for wax removal in the batik production
process in order to improve the Eco-Efficiency Index (EEI) and provide
comfort to the workers (ergonomic). This involved the application of the
Eco-Efficiency analysis method and the Green Ergonomic concept in this
study. The EEI analysis conducted on 2 Batik SMEs showed SMEs using
firewood has a lower EEI compared to those using used oil while Green
Ergonomic was used to recommend the change from the initial use of
firewood in the furnace to used oil while designing a wax removal
workstation. This new design is also expected to provide comfort to the
workers. |
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Title: |
Environmentally friendly and
resource-saving technology for disposal of dusty asbestos-containing
wastes and production of magnesium salts |
Author (s): |
Abdrazak Auyeshov, Asem Satimbekova,
Kazhymuhan Arynov, Aliya Bekaulova, Shaizada Yeskibayeva and Zhanat
Idrisheva |
Abstract: |
This
paper described a scheme for disposal of dusty asbestos-containing
wastes (DAW), mainly containing serpentine minerals such as antigorite,
chrysotile and lizardite with the grade of MgO and SiO2 of 32-38 wt. %,
respectively, is proposed in the work on the basis of conditions and
modes of acid treatment of DAW determined experimentally. Conditions and
modes of acid treatment of DAW are proposed in order to produce
magnesium salts (MgSO4,
MgCl2
? Mg(NO3)2)
using sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric acids to leach magnesium from
DAW. It has been noted that the quality of produced magnesium salts is
consistent with the currently valid quality standards, and a thick layer
of polysilicic acid is formed on the surface of undissolved residues
that changes composition and physical-and-chemical properties of surface
layers of chrysotile-asbestos, including its adverse environmental
impact. An environmentally friendly and resource-saving technology for
disposal of industrial dusty asbestos-containing wastes produced from
mining and beneficiation of chrysotile-asbestos has been proposed on the
basis of the research results. |
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Title: |
Sensors based vehicle crowed sensing in
bad weather conditions |
Author (s): |
Nauman Yousaf, Abdul Mateen, Saeedullah,
Abdul Hanan and Robina Adnan |
Abstract: |
Bad
weather and road traffic accidents are the main causes of vehicle losses
and deaths. The degree of severity may be influenced by a number of
factors. Various methods and techniques were tested with different
distances, conditions and speed, to recognize the reaction of drivers in
changing visibility in fog. On the basis of various types of fog
generated on artificial and camera images, new algorithms have been
proposed in recent studies for visibility improvement techniques. The
core thing should be the development of operational fog detection and
alarming system, with respect to speed and headway. Although the
Advanced camera based driving assistance systems have the functionality
in relieving the driver but they have drawbacks in terms of image
quality, computation, working at night and with bad weather conditions.
The proposed research contributes by analyzing existing work, detecting
bad weather by measuring visibility distance, detecting moving or
stationary vehicle on road in fog and providing alert to drivers in
danger distance between vehicles and other objects using sensors. |
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