Experimental studies characterizing the structural performance of self-compacting concrete (SCC) are limited and this can be identified as one of the barriers to the widespread use and acceptance. The prime focus of this study is to characterize the behavior of bamboo reinforced SCC beams without stirrups. Twelve SCC and vibrated concrete (VC) beams were tested under four-point loading till ultimate failure. The major variables considered were the beam depth and the level of longitudinal reinforcement. Results indicated that the contribution from dowel action of bamboo to ultimate shear strength may be quite significant, and slightly higher in SCC beams than VC beams. The deformation capacities of tested SCC beams are comparatively higher. Shear provisions from four design standards were considered to evaluate their applicability to bamboo-reinforced self-compacting concrete beams without stirrups. From this limited study, estimated shear capacities from the Canadian standard, CSA-A23.3-14, were found to be conservative. Moreover, in order to achieve a conservative design, shear strength results revealed that a simple reduction factor of 2.5 is appropriate, adequate, and must be applied to the documented shear provisions of the standards being considered herein.

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This work is aimed at carrying out the simulation of a process designed for the production of olefin from methanol with the aid of Aspen HYSYS. The olefin considered in this work was ethylene, which was synthesised in two steps: (1) equilibrium conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether using an equilibrium reactor, and (2) conversion of the produced dimethyl ether to ethylene. General Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) model was employed as the Fluid Package of the simulation. The results obtained showed that a conversion of up to 98.29% was feasible for the reaction involving production of dimethyl ether from methanol. Moreover, the simulation of the design model with the aid of Aspen HYSYS showed that the it (the model) was a valid one because the results were found to be in good agreement with the theoretical principles of the process in each piece of equipment used. Furthermore, the material flow given by Aspen HYSYS around each of the pieces of process equipment were found to be balanced because the total amount of input for each component was equal to that of the output, in a situation where there was neither consumption nor generation. Also, the energy balances across the pieces of equipment of the process indicated that the all the process equipment of the design were having negligible heat duties except the condensers.

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The paper presents methodology for determining penetration depth of water jet into gas hydrate deposit and investigation results on influence of water pressure on wall thickness of working column pump pressure, rotation and lifting speeds of working column, diameter of hydromonitor nozzles on penetration depth of high pressure seawater jet into gas hydrate deposit on bottom of the Black Sea. It has been determined that for safe water supply regime at a pressure of 50 MPa, the wall thickness of pipe of the boring column should be less than 0.0065 m. The dependencies for water jet penetration into gas hydrate disperse deposits within a working water supply pressure range of 10 MPa to75 MPa to hydromonitor nozzles. for nozzle diameter of 0.05, the rotation speed of 100 rpm and lifting speed of 1 m/min, have been established. The increase of pressure by about 8 times increases penetration depth of water gets into gas hydrate deposits by no less than two times. The established dependency shows that with an increase of hydromonitor nozzle diameter from 0.01 m to 0.2 m, the radius of penetration depths increases from 0.29 m to 23.85 m, i.e. by 82 times. The study on dependency penetration depth on hydromonitor rotation speed from 20 rpm to 100 rpm, at water supply pressure of 50 MPA, and lifting speed of 1 m/min and a nozzle diameter of 0.15 m have revealed, that expected value is constant and is equal to 15.4 m. The study on influence of lifting speed of hydromonitor in range of 0.5 m/min to 3 m/min, at water supply pressure of 50 MPa, rotation speed of 20 rpm and nozzle diameter of 0.15 m, have revealed that depth of water penetration into gas hydrate body, increases from 8.5 m to 21.3 m, with decreasing speed of monitor lifting. Thus the most rational parameters for jet technology for developing gas hydrate deposits on the bottom of the Black Sea are: Nozzle diameter 0.15 m, hydromonitor lifting speed 0.5 m/min, water supply pressure 50 MPa, rotation speed 20 rpm, the wall thickness of working column 0.065 m. At these parameters, the diameter of destroyed gas hydrate deposit reaches 42 m.

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The majority of the skyscraper configurations have immense weight exchanges to the foundations which make the selection of footing type "raft" unimaginable, particularly when the bearing limit of the associate soil foundation media is not adequate to maintain such expense of the high rise building weight. This research focuses on reviewing the negative skin friction and estimation its value; using the practical, numerically and theoretically approaches. Comparison will be made between Joseph E. Bowles approach and his output with a considered particular case. A numerically investigation was carried out on finite elements modeling (PLAXIS) of a pile subjected to negative skin friction due to the lowering of the groundwater table. The settlement values were calculated in the PLAXIS 3D program where this value was considered as a criterion for calculating the settlement in 2D against which negative friction values were calculated. The results obtained from the PLAXIS 2D program were far from the field reality but with the corrected values of the compression modulus the program results approach the results of the field. The theoretical calculation is used to estimate the value of Negative skin friction, but it should use the suitable method in the computation. In this study, the ß method is discovered as a appropriate method of the calculation for the deep piles in the deep soft soil area.

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The study is aimed at identifying the critical steps of main roof collapse when shallow coal seams are developed with long working faces. Factors have been noted that affect air flow formation during main roof collapse for the conditions of the Vorkuta Deposit in the Pechora coal basin of Russia. The most dangerous conditions have been determined, under which an emergency may occur in case of main roof collapse. A calculation scheme has been developed that takes into account the nature of the interaction between the immediate roof and the main roof. The need in the differentiated approach for the choice of efficient schemes of gas emission management for the protective seams and the main productive seams has been shown. Measures have been proposed for reducing the risk of gas concentration in the areas with hardly collapsible roofs. Conditions of excluding gas concentration in the gob excavations have been determined for the periods of main roof collapse in an established state.

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The availability of a water distribution system is governed by the reliability of pipes in the distribution network and the components in the water supply pumping system. The failure pattern of such a system is difficult to understand due to the various inherent and external factors that have an impact on aging. This paper presents the application of ‘Failure Modes and Effect Analysis’ on an urban water distribution system in India to identify the potential failure modes of the system. Monte Carlo simulation model is used to estimate the availability of the system. The study revealed the deteriorating behavior of this critical infrastructure and provides insight into the need for better maintenance strategies.

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In photometry science, we use light meters which have a spectral responsivity that should ideally match CIE luminous efficiency function V(?). Photometers generally use silicon or selenium photodetectors to convert the optical radiation into an electrical current. However, the spectral responsivity of these photodetectors does not match that of the human eye. The solution to this spectral mismatch is to use filters which scale the silicon response curve to match as closely as possible the CIE luminous efficiency function V(?). The spectral quality factor which means the mismatch of the spectral responsivity to CIE luminous efficiency function V(?) is the most critical characteristics of photometers and tristimulus colorimeters. Tristimulus colorimeters are filter radiometers whose responses mimic the CIE 1931 color-matching distributions , as a function of wavelength. In this paper, the methods of the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) are applied to derive analytical expressions for uncertainty of the spectral quality factor for photometer and for tristimulus colorimeters. An example is given for the National Institute of Standard (NIS) photometer to determine the uncertainty of its spectral quality factor.

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The refrigerant compressor mainly uses the reed valve in the suction process. The behavior of such a suction valve can be well described through a three-dimensional FSI analysis. However, one-dimensional analysis is still actively used due to excessive computation time of the 3D analysis. For this one-dimensional analysis, effective flow area and effective force area are required. Valve prototypes and valve flow experiments are required for these areas. Therefore, in this paper, to reduce the time and expense, we derived approximate expressions by using CFD instead of experiment. Next, one - dimensional compressor cycle analysis was carried out and the numerical results were compared with the experiment. In addition, we also examined the performance of the compressor according to the suction valve stiffness.

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Developing a new reliable framework based on IEEE 802.15.4 for the communication in internet of smart devices can be a valuable framework to improve the performance of communication reliability. The Internet of Things is a process to communicate and share information among nearby devices. But there are more challenges for secure and reliable communication. In the beginning of Internet, it was developed to communicate one device to another device using accessing the browsers. However, in the current era, high speed smart efficient devices with many advanced technologies like low power consumption, low cost etc. available to communicate with each other. The communication reliability has been raised as one of the most critical issues of wireless networking where resolving such an issue would result in a constant growth in the use and popularity of Internet of Things. The proposed research creates a framework for providing the communication reliability in the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using IEEE802.15.4. Our main contribution links a new study that integrates reliability to the communication frame work and provides reliable connection in internet of smart devices. This study will be useful in Internet of Things framework. The algorithm has been experimentally implemented. The proposed framework predicts well in our comprehensive experiments.

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The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effect of intake air temperature on the performance of gasoline engine fueled with alternative fuel. The alternative fuel that has been chosen is hydrogen peroxide and it will be blended with gasoline. Some of the characteristics of hydrogen peroxide are it portrays as a strong oxidizing agent however, it is a weak acid when immerse in water. The process of the mixture will be using a device called magnetic stirrer. The specimen used for the test is 5 vol% of hydrogen peroxide + 95 vol% gasoline and 10 vol% hydrogen peroxide + 90 vol% gasoline. Experiment was conducted by using generator engine Precision GX420 single cylinder with 4 strokes. The temperatures chosen for the whole test were 40°C and 60°C respectively. The temperatures were controlled by hot air gun where it will be attached at inlet of the engine. Pressure sensor and crank sensor have been installed on the engine to determine pressure, volume and crank angle. The data obtained was recorded and shown in DEWESOFT data acquisition system.

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In the design of foundations, analysts have various applications that allow them to determine parameters of ultimate load capacity and safety factors. This article presents a study that seeks to analyze the results obtained from the modeling of foundations with geotechnical software of finite elements that integrate additional aspects of modeling that can vary with some degree of sensitivity the results of the design parameters. State-of-the-art modelers such as the one used in this study allow to involve in the analysis of foundations, characteristics about the boundary conditions of the land, the foundation materials and/or the width of the column. Several models of surface foundations were developed in stratified soil with the high performance geotechnical software LimitState:Geo2D (restricted version) and the formulation of Meyerhof and Hanna was used to validate the results. In order to analyze the impact on the design parameters, variations were made in the width of the foundation floor block, the foundation material and the section of the column, in all cases finding interesting differences in the results of the safety factor that in terms of engineering practice would mean impacts on construction costs, safety and risk, structural redundancy, reliability and vulnerability.

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This paper aims to present the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to differentiate attention from non-attention conditions using spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The CNN model was constructed to acquire a general concept to classify attention conditions. A total of 30 subjects were recruited voluntarily for the data acquisition purpose. The experimental performance was benchmarked with the commonly used non-convolution learning algorithms, the support vector machine (SVM). The coherence feature extraction method was used to generate the training data for non-convolution model. The experimental results show that the proposed CNN model has accurately classify 63.89% of the test cases. It has outperformed the SVM model with 4.45% of improvement. In summary, the CNN model is able to create a decent attention classification model using spontaneous EEG signals.

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Determination the story lateral displacement and vertical settlement in raft foundation of multi-story building are critical especially with presence of effect the soil bed where they are working together as phenomena of soil structure interaction .in this paper a three type of soil in addition to wide range of raft foundation thickness (from 0.3 to 1.3 m) are used to represent the foundation system in addition to reinforcement concrete buildings consisting of 4 stories up to 12 stories with spacing columns of (5m, 6m and 7m) subjected to different types of loading related to the gravity load and lateral loads (seismic and wind load ) as results from this variations in cases and parameters a more than 300 models are used in this study which induce a thousands of results by using finite package to obtain a database which are used to fulfillment the goal of this study, a good results was obtained , where coefficient of , r and r2 are equal to 0.9 and 0.81 respectively in case of vertical settlement in the raft foundation due to different type of loading .0.98 and 0.95 represent the r and r2 respectively for the story lateral displacement due to wind load finally the r and r2 are equal to 0.84 and 0.71 respectively in case story lateral displacement due to the seismic action.

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The increasing number of automotive applications and factories in industries has increased lubricant usage and aluminum usage. Both have caused waste that will slowly accumulate significantly. Lubricating oil will become waste lubricant, and aluminum will cause aluminum waste. Both waste types can be recycled simply. Used lubricating oil has greater viscosity value compared to new lubricating oil, so it can still be used as fuel for used aluminum smelting. For a better flow, the viscosity of fuel is lowered by means of used lubricating oil mixed with kerosene. The oil piping system can be designed simply to light the flame suitable for aluminum smelting.

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In our paper, we investigate the problem of optimal hybrid control for space vector modulation (SVM), applying a new optimal hybrid control approach for pulse width modulation (PWM). It is used for the creation of alternating current (AC) waveforms, which would be applied to three-phase motors using class D amplifiers. Our contribution demonstrates a reduction of the total harmonic distortion (THD) created by the rapid change inherent in the implementation of our algorithm. The results can be observed in the simulations obtained through the Matlab/Simulink software.

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Unconventional shale reservoirs appear as a solution to the depletion of conventional reserves, however, their ultra low permeability, requires hydraulic fracturing that helps improving the fluid flow towards the well. The design and creation of these fractures is complex. Knowing their properties, and the reservoir's, as well, is of great importance for field management. This study presents a practical methodology for well test interpretation in shale reservoirs using the analytical trilinear flow model, which describes a system consisting of a horizontal well with multiple fractures in extremely low permeability reservoirs. Analytical expressions were developed based upon unique features found on the pressure and pressure derivative curves for the determination of fracture conductivity (kFwF), half-fracture length (xF), matrix permeability (km) and internal reservoir permeability (kI). Finally, synthetic examples for both oil reservoirs and gas formations were developed to successfully verify the accuracy of the developed equations.

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Nanoindentation was commonly used to examine the intrinsic (microstructure level) mechanical properties of OI human bone tissue. The findings that available will describe bone material properties with this disorder. This review presents an overview of nanoindentation measurement on Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) across OI type, patient age, structure of study and anatomy site. Nanoindentation was capable of probing the mechanical properties of volumes of tissue as small as lamellae. In this technique, an indentation test was performed with a depth sensing indenter tip to measurement. The force displacement results were analyzed to obtain the modulus and hardness. The results of this study indicate that severity of OI type and microstructure level (interstitial and osteonal) had a significant effect on modulus and hardness. While, the age of patient, structure of study, and anatomy site shows non-significant findings were observed in all the measurement for both cortical and trabecular bones.

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We worked on a QR scanner based vehicle-sharing system which allows riders to post real time ride requests from smart phones and drivers to accept those ride requests sent from smart phones. When another rider on the same route, sees the ride request, he/she can join the ride according to the rides available on the route via ridesharing. Carpooling is an activity in which riders, instead of their individual means of transport, opt to share a single vehicle for traveling. This contributes in sustainable development by reducing the pollution and fuel consumption levels and also, in reducing vehicular congestion on roads. To this end, we devise a QR based vehicle-sharing system. Taxi riders and taxi drivers use the taxi-sharing service provided by the system via a Mobile Application. The system first lets users post ride requests along with their pickup and drop location. The interested ride sharing users nearby can see the details and join. details. The driver has the ability to accept/deny the requests as per availability in the vehicle. Each user, passenger as well as driver has a unique QR Code generated at the time of registration. Driver's QR has the details of the driver, vehicle details and its geographical location at the moment. User's QR has the user details. The given QR Codes can be used to fetch the details of the ride given/taken by the users of the app and the travel details with itinerary is credited/debited to the user account after every ride. We built mobile application using GPS Services and QR Code scanner in order to provide this service. This system is also extended to share autos which follow a fixed path with n number of stops on the most common routes.

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This paper presents the assessment of the concurrent environmental quality evaluated in the conditions of the Negro River Basin (Cundinamarca, Colombia), integrating the variables of water quality (BOD, TSS, N-NO2 and P total) and precipitation in a collaborative model, using the fuzzy logic artificial intelligence technique to emulate the evaluation performed by a group of experts.

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Distributed Denial of Services (DDoS) attacks is one of well-known and dangerous threats to the current network which always exists and evolves in line with the development of the network itself. Current network development has entered the Software Defined Networking (SDN) era which offers centralized control and programmability network by decoupling the network control and data plane that bring on us a dynamic, cost-effective, manageable and agile platform. On the down-side, this centralized platform can bring new security challenges such as DDoS attacks on the central controller which could compromise the entire network. The most common DDoS attack is Flood based DDoS attack. This attack is quite easy to do and very effective strikes the target. This paper offers some experimental study for detecting this kind of DDoS attack using flow behaviors to give an idea for researcher about the DDoS attack and the effect for the network.

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In this article the authors consider the issues concerning promising areas of dolomite utilization as a component in various applications when forming construction materials. The article presents the structure assessment of the dolomite of Madaevskoe deposit in the Nizhny Novgorod Region (Russian Federation). Besides, the article describes the results of selecting the optimal composition of the putty coat containing the dolomite as fine ground filler. For the purpose of using dolomite as a magnesia binder, the authors have considered phase transformations as a result of dolomite calcinations in both pure form and when adding promoters of magnesium component decomposition.

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This paper is aimed to develop android application for an herbal medicine online order to improve this herbal medicine industry service and use the advantage of the rapid progress of the communication and technology especially source-sharing. This app allows users to browse the herbal medicine according to their disease and order it with just a few clicks. The users need to sign into the application to process the shipment. If the users don’t have an account then they need to sign up first. After the sign in process is done, the users need to complete the order process by choosing the payment method then confirm it. The android application would be created firstly by made a website in WixSite and connecting with Ecwid and would be connecting using AppyPie. The user can order herbal medicine from android mobile devices so it is more effective to save costs and time.

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Evaluation method for air distribution efficacy in storage facilities for perishable products is provided. Parameters of air medium are considered as random variables. Statistical laws of their distribution are used in the study of ventilation processes. Calculation of air distribution is suggested to be performed by maximal permissible temperature state in the product stack.

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Infrared active thermography provides subsurface details of the test object depending on the thermal inhomogeneity of the constituent material. Effective analysis of various defects existing at different depths in realistic objects demands novel processing approaches to enhance detectability and excitations facilitating depth analysis with constituent band of frequencies. This contribution is intended to exhibit the depth analysis provided by recently introduced phase modulated coded stimulation for infrared imaging validated with glass fiber reinforced plastic plate with embedded Teflon inserts. Experimental results exhibited the enhanced defect detectability using the accumulated energy in pulse compression over that of the distributed energy in the existing phase analysis.

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In this document, we investigate the problem of optimal hybrid control for a non-stationary hydraulic system with autonomous location transitions. Using the Lagrange approach and the reduced gradient technique, we derive the optimality conditions necessary for the class of problems considered. These conditions of optimality are closely relate to a variant of the Maximum Hybrid Principle, are simulated in Matlab and implemented in Labview. They can be used for constructive optimization algorithms.

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This paper discusses the Software Defined Networking (SDN) security experiment on Zeus Botnet attacks based on traffic behavior in the network. The development of SDN technology is increasingly in demand today, both on the researcher and industry side. This is inseparable from the SDN feature that gives the developer the flexibility to program the system inside. But on the other hand, the development of network technology cannot be separated from the threat of attack, especially Botnet attacks. Botnets are able to take control of the SDN network by attacking the control plane. This is possible when the botmaster enters a third party into the network and infects the associated device in the SDN network as a bot. This problem is categorized as Integrity in CIA triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) used in the evaluation of security performance. Integrity in the CIA triad is a state of information that is always accurate and consistent until a recognized user makes a change. At the end of this paper will be explained about future research based on experimental test results.

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The Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) band textile antenna is designed with novel E-shape Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure as superstrate for reduction of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for wearable applications in this paper. The performance of textile antenna is evaluated with and without E-shape EBG array on phantom model of human body. The Return loss and VSWR of proposed textile antenna are simulated and measured.

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The purpose of the study is damage reduction of easily damaged products in transport vehicle body in various ways of its placement (embankment, in containers) during the on-farm transportation through the development of new scientifically grounded technical solutions. The methods of the study are performing theoretical studies on the basis of regulations, laws and methods of theoretical mechanics and mathematical analysis with computers using, including using the program MathCAD 14.0 and package application software LabView. The article presents the results of realized theoretical studies about the analysis of damage process of easily damageable agricultural products in transport vehicle body during the on-farm transportation, which prove that the maximum speed of the vehicle on the field and in gardens with slopes of up to 9º (with gradients up to 9), in which product damage in the containers (during transport of apples no more than 5%) and in the vehicle body during on-farm potatoes embankment transportation (no more than 4%) do not exceed agronomic requirements is for a vehicle with body stabilization devices 23.9 kilometers per hour and 24.6 kilometers per hour respectively, that is 1.2-1.22 times greater than the base variant trailer - 19.9 kilometers per hour and 20.1 kilometers per hour. The containers that proposed according to the results of the research contribute to the reduction of product’s damage during its transportation by increasing contact area of the fruit and container and by reducing the space for the free movement of products.

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The methods of developing decision support systems for localization, mitigation and possible elimination of emergencies consequences (terroristic assaults, accidents, explosions, fires, etc.) that are possible in educational institutions are discussed in the article. Fuzzy cognitive maps are discussed as the basis for the development of decision support systems for emergencies. Such systems application features and methods of learning for management development models are studied in the article. The use of management models enables carrying early recognition of a possibility of an emergency occurrence on the base of vague and inconsistent information, as well as allows predicting the most probable scenario of its development. A decision support system allows generating of emergency elimination plans real-time by using available force, measures and resources optimally. Implementation of the system of support of managerial decisions is considered by the example of fire safety of educational institutions. In the framework of the cognitive approach the basic factors (concepts) that define the state of fire safety have been identified and their causal and investigative links have been established. On this basis, built a cognitive model of fire safety and proven its stability. With its help, using pulse simulation explored scenarios of changes in condition of fire security under the action of destabilizing and control actions. Proved the efficiency of application of cognitive technologies for optimal management strategies of fire safety and reduce fire risks. Cognitive modeling allows predicting the effectiveness of management decisions. The proposed modeling approach for fire safety applicable to public buildings for any purpose.

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Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) is one of the versatile surface modification method commonly used in the manufacturing of coatings, powders, fibres, and monolithic components. The applications of PVD are cutting tools, decorative, aerospace industries and biomedical application. The main advantages of PVD coating as compared with other surface modification methods is low processing temperature thus can be used on variety of materials. However PVD coating has limitation due to low corrosion resistance especially when it contact with Cl ion in sea water and body fluids. Hence, this review explains the overview of PVD coating on corrosion resistance in body fluids and sea water. The types of PVD coating and parameter commonly used as well as issue related to PVD coating is discussed in this paper.

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Literature review revealed that operation lifetime of roller bearings was a factor determining reliability of automotive machinery. On the basis of analysis of existing methods of improvement of lifetime of roller bearings a promising trend was determined: modification of greases by nanosized powders of various metals and their compounds. The selected variant was based on possibility to improve service properties of roller bearing surfaces without application of expensive equipment and tools. This method was implemented at the stage of operation during actual adsorptive, chemosorptive and tribochemical processes in the friction areas with nanosized components. Grease was experimentally developed on the basis of Lithol-24, Russian standard GOST 21150-87 with nanosized metal particles obtained by plasma recondensation. Comparative tribological experiments of commercial grease and nanosized grease demonstrated efficiency of the latter. Commercial tests of roller bearings with the developed grease had been carried out. The acquired experimental results demonstrated that gamma-percentile life of the bearings operating with the developed grease was by 2.8 times higher than that of the bearings operating with the commercial grease.

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The hearing and the speech impaired people generally communicate with others using sign language. The normal people are not familiar with the sign language and hence they find it difficult to understand. This paper aims at bridging the communication barrier between the speech and hearing impaired people, and the normal people. A set of five flex sensors are used which are fixed on a glove along the length of each finger. The hearing and the speech impaired people can use the gloves to perform hand gestures and it will be converted into speech so that normal people can understand what they are trying to convey. There are various signing conventions that are used around the world but all the conventions in common use gestures, orientations and movement of the hands or body and facial expressions to convey lithely a speaker’s thoughts. The processing of these hand gestures is done by using an Arduino Uno. The information to be displayed is sent either wirelessly using a Wi-Fi shield or using XBee technology and is displayed in a Smart phone app or a LCD display.

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Ecocardiographic image segmentation has gained importance with the development of various image processing techniques. This is vital step as it gives methodology to evaluate many cardiac parameters such as LV volume, thickness of heart wall, ejection fraction, motion of valves etc. These parameters are essential to diagnose the health of a heart. Manual segmentation techniques are time consuming and require trained operators to perform the task. This process can be simplified with precision by various semi-automatic and automatic image segmentation techniques. This paper reviews different echocardiography image segmentation methods for left ventricle border detection. The methodology proposed by authors is presented with validation criteria used for their performance. Segmentation methods are classified in the broad groups as per the approach used. Finally the summary of the various methods is presented along with their methodology and performance measures.

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El-nino is a global phenomenon that causes the rainfall in Indonesia to decrease significantly and is one of the factors which causes drought. Drought is a natural event and can be defined as the condition of water supply deficiency which lasts for a long period until the rainy season arrives. East Nusa Tenggara is known as one of the most drought-striken provinces in Indonesia. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) is a method to characterize drought events, and this paper used it as the basis of determining drought events in East Nusa Tenggara. Furthermore, composite maps of sea surface temperature (SST) showing the active regions associated with drought in East Nusa Tenggara are identified by bootstrap method. In order to overcome the bias of the mean maps, this research developed anomaly maps. The maps indicate that the North part of West Nusa Tenggara and Bali show significantly low level of sea surface temperature on one to two months prior to the occurrence of the event. The regions around Kalimantan and Sulawesi have been detected as active zones as well in particular of a month before drought happens.

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This present piece of work attempts to remedy the subjectivity problem of the AHP method, by combining it with the entropy method In Moroccan Textile Sector. The study is done in two steps; first, we make a literature review of AHP, Entropy and combined AHP entropy method. Then the weight of all appropriate key performance indicators (AKPI), are calculated by combined AHP-Entropy method to release a formula for calculating the overall performance. Finally, the findings of this work show that Moroccan suppliers consider the efficiency of the production system and price subcontractor as the priority.

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The snowballing demand for the energy, made continuous decrease in existing sources of remnant fuels and the growing apprehension regarding environment pollution, has pushed humankind to explore new tools for the production of electrical dynamism using renewable, clean sources, such as wind energy, solar energy, etc. Among the renewable energy sources, non-conventional, solar energy pay for great latent for conversion into electrical energy, able to ensure significance part of the electric energy needs of planet. Today human has become so busy that he is not even able to find time to switch off the lights when not necessary. This is even more effectively seen in the case of street lights where there is a lot of power wastage. This paper’s motive is to implement a light that will be switched on in the evening and will switch off when there is enough light on the roads. Nowadays, light technology of LED becomes a candidate as it surpass the HPS lamp from both energy and money saving. The local impact and saving may be increased and enhanced, if the system of solar power (PV) is engaged in LED lamp for street lighting.

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The Nano computing paradigm is in need of design and modelling of reversible digital circuits. Reversible digital circuits like adders, subtractors, shift registers, comparators, and decoders have been already proposed. In this paper an approach towards optimized reversible nanoscale decoder using QCA2 gate with Quantum Dot cellular Automata has been proposed. The proposed Reversible decoder uses QCA layout of QCA2 gate and has optimized cell count, area and latency.

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With the rapid development of the Internet, the number of documents in electronic form is huge and grows day by day. In order to effectively address the modern information overload problem, it is extremely important to organize the documents according to the topic. Commonly, this can be achieved by using clustering techniques. Document clustering is an important tool for applications such as Web search engines. This proposal deals with clustering of Tamil documents. Clustering is an un-supervised learning process that organizes documents or text files into distinct groups without having prior knowledge. This paper uses Vector Space Model to Cluster the documents. Vector Space Model is otherwise known as “Term-Frequency Approach”. Stop Words which are frequent, meaningless terms are removed from the input text document to decrease, the size of the document to be processed. Then the Cosine Similarity Measure is applied to find the similarity between the input text documents. Then clustering is done using K-Medoid Algorithm and optimal number of medoids and corresponding clusters are found.

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