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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences                               June 2022  |  Vol. 17  No. 11
   
Title: Design of vehicle for pumping and irrigation of fruit crops activated with solar photovoltaic energy
Author (s): Edwin Rza R., Sazl Hernandez M., Leonardo Cely G., Gonzalo Moreno, Angela Gonzalez A. and Adriana Granados G.
Abstract:

This paper presents the design and analysis of efforts of a vehicle without trailer-type engine, to transport a photovoltaic solar pumping system useful for irrigation of fruit tree crops. This vehicle is a solution to the great need that farmers have, especially in the summer months, and is to take water from reservoirs, lakes, deep wells, among others, to crops. Currently, they use ACPM or gasoline pumps, taking risks in transporting the fuel, generating environmental pollution and spending large amounts of money. In this project, a descriptive and applied field methodology was used. For the dimensioning of the photovoltaic solar system, the ampere-hour methodology is applied, based on calculations of overall performance, days of autonomy, annual peak sun hours and losses for each component. With the characterization of the crops. The irrigation system equipment was selected, and were installed in a trailer protected by a metal box. This vehicle can be transported in various ways, by animal traction, by a motorcycle with a hook or shot, or pushed by people since it is light, (300 kg approximately). It is an economic vehicle; the period of recovery of the investment is less than five years, with a useful life of more than twenty years. This system is a practical, economic, innovative solution with great social impact for the agricultural sector, generating savings in personnel, fuel, electricity, among others.

   

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Title: Ionometric determination of cocamidopropyl betaine
Author (s): Myroniak M. O., Volnyanska O. V., Labyak O. V., Nikolenko M. V. and Ruzhenko-Mizovtsova N. O.
Abstract:

This article reports on the development of an ionometric sensor for the determination of the amphoteric surfactant cocamidopropyl betaine. It was found that low-soluble complex compounds with the composition (CAPB)3(PMo12O40)2 and (CAPB)3(PW12O40)2 are formed as a result of the interaction of the cation of the test substance with the anions of heteropoly acids. The obtained compounds were used as electrode active substances for polyvinyl chloride membranes of ionometric sensors. Phthalic acid derivatives (dibutyl and dioctyl phthalates) were used as solvents for plasticized membranes. The study of the dependence of the electrochemical properties of the obtained sensor membranes on various factors was carried out. This made it possible to choose the optimal conditions for the operation of the ionometric sensor. The detection limit of cocamidopropyl betaine using this sensor is 1.010-6 mol/l and quantitative determination can be carried out in a fairly short time (5-10 minutes).

   

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Title: Flexural behaviour of RC beams wrapped with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer
Author (s): C. Sudha, P. R. Kannan Rajkumar and M. Jegan
Abstract:

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are broadly utilized in advanced concrete technology given their dominance over outmoded steel reinforcements. These materials have high strength limit and consumption obstruction and can be utilized as the fundamental fortifications in mix with glues and safe havens to fortify strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beam members. The preliminary objective of this investigation is to study performance of RC beams by using Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The different strengthening configurations are considered (balance section, under reinforced section with the use of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). Eight reinforced concrete beams with and without CFRP were cast and tested to find the flexural performance of M30 and M40 grade concrete. The beam is tested under the two-point loading and the failure load was measured, and it is analysed. The load carrying capability of beam increases in flexure with CFRP wrapping indicates that the depth of the section can be reduced without compromising on the deflection. This indicated that wrapping of beam with CFRP increase the flexural strength of RC beam in multifold.

   

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Title: Finite element model development of proximal femur bone under static and dynamic sideways fall
Author (s): Wong Kah Poh, Fauziah Mat, Ishak Ibrahim, Masniezam Ahmad and Ruslizam Daud
Abstract:

A femoral fracture happens when the femur gains a very high stress concentration during fall and may result in femur fracture. In fact, most fall-related cases occur in sideways falls. Bone fracture leads to life quality impairment and may even be life-threatening. In this study, the effects of quasi-static and dynamic loading on the femur bone during a sideways fall are investigated by employing the finite element (FE) software ANSYS. The FE model is developed and simulated in different fall conditions; inclination angle of 10: and rotation angle from -20: to 30: for static and dynamic loading conditions. The capacity of the bone is evaluated in terms of von Mises stress, von Mises strain and the total deformation at three different positions: femoral neck, greater trochanter, and intertrochanteric, during sideways falls. For dynamic results, the greater trochanter exhibits the highest von Mises stress and strain at a 30: rotation angle and impact velocity of 3 m/s. For static loading, the femoral neck demonstrates the highest von Mises stress and strain at a 30: rotation angle and loading force of 4500 N. It is found that the highest deformation occurs at a 30: rotation angle and impact velocity of 3 m/s. These findings show that the femoral neck and greater trochanter are prone to fracture at an inclination angle, ? = 10:, and the rotation angle, ? = 30: during a sideways fall. The understanding of the effect of the femoral bone capacity under multiple loading conditions during a sideways fall is useful in assisting the medical practitioner to provide better treatment and support for patients and hence reduce repeated treatment cases.

   

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Title: Land Use Land Cover classification using multi-spectral Sentinel-2B satellite image
Author (s): N. Anusha, Sneha B., Jyothi M., Vihasitha G. and Saisri N.
Abstract:

Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classification plays a key role in sustainable planning, management, and supervision programme at the local, regional, and national level. With a high level of precision, in this work the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is utilized to suppress the noise and extract the characteristics from the Sentinel-2B satellite data. The resultant components of PCA are given as input to the K-means clustering algorithm. K-means clustering algorithm clusters the similar pixels into groups. This research performs LULC classification of a multispectral satellite image by utilizing Random forest classification method. The study area considered in this paper is the area covering in and around G. Narayanamma Institute of Technology and Science (GNITS), Shaikpet, located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Optical image obtained by Sentinel-2B satellite on February 27, 2021 is used in this study. To conduct a subjective evaluation of the clusters obtained by K-means clustering and to identify the LULC classes, the Google Earth Engine perspective of the study area is used. Classification of LULC performed by applying Random Forest model on the testing data resulted with an accuracy of 87.60%.

   

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Title: Evaluation of hydrogen-induced cracking in ASTM A 36 steel samples in an acid medium and subjected to uniaxial stress
Author (s): Wveimar Briceqo Castillo, Edwin Torres D., Rafael Bolmvar Leon, Edwin Rza R., Sazl Hernandez M. and Gonzalo G. Moreno
Abstract:

The work of reconditioning or "workover" in Colombian oil producing wells has as main function to increase flow capacity and production flow. For this, operations with acid stimulation treatments are implemented, including acid washes to well production pipes to dissolve scale and mineral deposits that reduce and obstruct the effective flow area and generate failure due to hydrogen-induced cracking. HCl, is one of the most commonly used acids in these processes, which is why it will be used in this study to determine its reaction in the mechanical properties of an ASTM A 36 steel. Two concentrations of HCl will be used as corrosive and contributor medium hydrogen to steel at 30 0 C, atmospheric pressure, and 5 periods of different immersion times; to determine the conditions that favor the development of cracks and their effect on the failure of the material. Once the immersion times have passed, the test pieces will be subjected to tension and Charpy tests, analyzing them microscopically to perform the failure analysis. At the end of the study, the results obtained will show when the steel and tabular plates failed, and the variations in mechanical properties will be plotted.

   

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Title: Grey incidence method on abrasive water jet machining of AL7075/Al2O3 composite
Author (s): A. Muthulakshmanan, R. Adalarasan and M. Santhanakumar
Abstract:

Abrasive waterjet has been used to cut both ferrous and non-ferrous materials. The process is eco-friendly and creates minimal distortion of workpiece. The present work reports the analysis of surface roughness and kerf angle in abrasive water jet machining of Al7075/Al2O3 composite. Taguchis L9 orthogonal array is used for conducting the machining experiments with two replications. The process parameters like water jet pressure, traverse rate, stand-off and abrasive flow rate are varied in three levels. The quality characteristics are studied and grey incidence method is applied to find out the optimal process parameters for better values of responses. Grey relational grade is employed as the quality index and analysis of variance is also performed to find the contribution of individual parameters in affecting the responses. The predicted optimal conditions are validated using proper machining trials during which noteworthy improvements are seen in kerf angle (30.8%) and surface roughness (14.32%).

   

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Title: Electrophoretic Registers: Signal brain classification using support vector machine and wavelet in meningitis contaminated rats
Author (s): Luis Enrique Mendoza, Gonzalo Moreno and Cisar Peqa
Abstract:

This paper proposes a new method for the classification of Capillary Electrophoretic Registers (CER) retrieved from the cerebrospinal fluid samples taken from meningitis contaminated rats. The proposed approach applies several signal processing tools such as wavelet analysis, dynamic programming, principal component analysis, and support vector machines (SVM) for data pre-processing, feature extraction. Furthermore, an algorithm is developed that detects zones in the Capillary Electrophoretic Registers (CER), where local energy variations between study groups are observed. This algorithm helps us to identify the effects that Klebsiella Pneumoniae bacteria produce in certain substances that are part of the cerebrospinal fluid samples. It is shown that Meningitis disease can be effectively detected with the proposed methods. Furthermore, we show that exploiting the information related to the local energy variation improves the classification correctness rate up to 97.3%. This classification performance is obtained using least square SVM as classification tools and the parameterized CER representation proposed in this paper.

   

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Title: Facilitating differential QoS adaptive to user, content and network dynamics in mmwave back hauling based 5G heterogeneous networks
Author (s): L. Manjunath and N. Prabakaran
Abstract:

MmWave overlay 5G heterogeneous network (HetNet) proposed to boost the capacity of 5G networks has limited performance due to spectrum resource occupancy by backhaul links. Caching contents is a solution to solve the spectrum occupancy problem. Caching reduces the load on backhaul links and improves the utilization of access links. Most of the existing caching strategies use content popularity as the only factor and dont consider the priority of mobile nodes and need to provide differential QoS to users based on user characteristics and network dynamics. This work proposes a machine learning based strategy to manage the cache and backhaul resource allocation with the goal of providing differential QoS to user based on its priority and the current network dynamics at same time without degrading the average potential throughput. Cache management is adapted automatically to network dynamics, user characteristics and content characteristics using reinforcement learning.

   

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Title: Comparative study on the performance evaluation of infinite failure NHPP software reliability model with Log-Type distribution property
Author (s): Tae-Jin Yang
Abstract:

In this study, the performance of software reliability is evaluated by applying the Log-Type (Log-Poisson, Log-Power, Log-Logistic) distributions to the infinite fault NHPP model. For this study, a research solution was developed by an analysis algorithm using software failure time data. Also, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) was applied to solve the parameter values, and the nonlinear equation was calculated using the binary method. As a result, first, in the strength function analysis, the Log-Logistic model was evaluated as an efficient model because the failure rate showed the greatest decrease as the failure time passed. Second, in the mean value function analysis, the proposed models showed either underestimation or overestimation in estimating the true value, but the Log-Logistic model was effective as it showed the smallest error estimation along with the Log-Poisson model. Third, in the future mission reliability analysis, the Log-Logistic model was evaluated to show a higher reliability trend than other models whose reliability gradually decreased as the mission time passed. In conclusion, by analyzing these evaluation results, it can be seen that the Log-Logistic model is an efficient model with the best performance among the proposed models. Through this study, the reliability performance of the Log-Type distribution model was newly compared and evaluated, and it was able to help software developers to find the optimal software reliability model.

   

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Title: Asynchronous algorithm for the transmission of data packets in multi-robot systems
Author (s): Holman Montiel Ariza, Fredy H. Martmnez S. and Faiber Robayo Betancourt
Abstract:

This paper proposes a strategy that increases the efficiency of the communication established in a system of multiple robots with an asynchronous algorithm that detects the occupation level of the transmission bus. Multiple-robot systems with several operational levels sometimes implement mechanisms to exchange information to avoid conflict or damage between these levels during operation. Normally, these mechanisms synchronize all robots, tools or accessories in the system and are composed of a physical layer, a sender and a receiver; where the message to be sent from one robot to another is encrypted using a protocol to increase the security level of the established link. Although, in ideal conditions the transmission of messages is satisfactory and there are no losses of information, in reality the mechanisms of data transmission that have a high transit of messages do not reach an efficiency of one hundred percent, because, the transmission buses or communication channels are limited by the bandwidth, the environmental conditions or the speed of processing of each individual robot.

   

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