This research represented the study on reliability of mathematical model with monitoring system of solar rooftop system, case study of a plastic manufacturer in Samut Sakhon Province. The analytical areas were divided into 4 cases including: southern direction of solar radiation with roof’s till angle of 5° (S1); southern direction of solar radiation with roof’s tilt angle of 20° (S2); northern direction of solar radiation with roof’s till angle of 5° (N1); and northern direction of solar radiation with roof’s till angle of 20° (N2). Historical data on average monthly capacity of rooftop solar of 2018 was collected via monitoring system every 15 minutes for comparing to data on mathematical model. Data on research areas, direction of installation, roof’s tilt angle via Google Earth Program, solar irradiance from Solar Radiation Station, Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, ambient temperature from weather station of Meteorology Station, Bangkok (Bang Khen Weather Section) of 2018, were used for analyzing on capacity before comparing to reliability of data. The results were presented in the form of root mean square difference (RMSD), mean bias difference (MBD), and coefficient of determination (R2). The results revealed that the best reliability, RMSD, MBD, and R2, are 60.82%, 51.49%, and 0.738 for S1, respectively, 41.87%, 35.94%, and 0.903 for S2, respectively, 44.26%, 38.77%, and 0.898 for N1, respectively, and 37.53%, 30.90%, and 0.897 for N2, respectively, while such values of the combined data are 46.39%, 38.93%, and 0.849, respectively. As a result, correlation of assessment on reliability of data tended to be value obtained from the mathematical model compared to value obtained from monitoring system.

Full Text

In the scientific literature, there is a lot of discussion on approximate multipliers and circuits based on approximate 4-2 compressors. The designer who wants to employ an approximation 4-2 compressor is confronted with the challenge of choosing the proper topology due to the enormous number of options. A complete study and comparison of the roughly 4-2 compressors that have been suggested in the literature are presented here. One more compressor is shown, so that there are now twelve distinct approximate 4-2 compressors evaluated. The goal is to create logic gates that can be reversed. Quantum computing relies heavily on the reversibility of logical operations. This technology's gadgets run at very fast speeds and utilize very little power. Hardware description language (HDL) is used to create simple reversible logic gates. The Verilog implementation of the Wallace tree multiplier uses a simple half adder and a full adder. The reversible logic gates have been created, as well as a 4bit reversible adder, irreversible adder along multiplier has been developed. Layouts are designed using a variety of foundry technologies, and these methods are compared. We've reached the end of the road in terms of low-power dissipation. An 8x8 bit reversible multiplier circuit has been suggested and developed in this article. In terms of speed and complexity, the suggested reversible multiplier is superior to the current multipliers. In terms of the number of gates, garbage outputs, and constant inputs, it is superior to the current alternatives. The "HNG" 8x8 reversible gate was recently suggested by Haghparast and Navi. It is possible to use a reversible HNG gate as a reversible full adder when it is used alone. The reversible multiplier circuit in this study is built using HNG gates. Two 8-bit binary integers may be multiplied using the HNG gate in the proposed reversible multiplier circuit. A generalized version of the suggested reversible 8x8 multiplier circuit may be used for NxN bit multiplication as well.

Full Text

This manuscript is devoted to the development of methods for finding the diffusion coefficient of soil moisture and the thermal conductivity coefficient of soil by using the system of Lykov's equations for heat and mass transfer in the soil. The conjugate system of partial differential equations is constructed by using the direct initial-boundary value problem and additional boundary conditions on the accessible boundary of the region. Iterative formulas for finding the diffusion coefficient of soil moisture and the thermal conductivity coefficient are derived from the minimization of specially constructed functional and solution of direct and conjugate problems. The direct and conjugate problems are discretized by the Dufort-Frankel Difference scheme. An algorithm for solving the coefficient-inverse problem is developed and the program is designed in Matlab software. Numerical calculations are conducted in order to verify the convergence of iterative processes.

Full Text

The nickel doped iron oxide nanoparticles type hematite (a-Fe2O3) have been prepared by ball milling method using Logas natural sand as a raw material. The hematite nanoparticles were doped using nickel with concentration of 0, 5, 10 wt.% and characterized by vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The magnetic measurement demonstrate that magnetic properties are strongly depend on nickel content and revealed that all of the samples exhibited weak ferromagnetic behaviour with the coercivity ranged from 336 Oe to 357 Oe. The XRD measurements confirmed the formation of crystalline, rhombohedral crystal structure and a-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Nickel doped samples show nickel-hematite phase as indicated through XRD measurement. The average crystallite size calculated based on Scherrer formula found to be 31.73, 29.09 and 28.38 nm after being doped with nickel 0, 5 and 10 wt.%, respectively which are consistent with the results obtained from SEM images. Some other elements such as aluminium, silicon and titanium and others elements were detected using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), which demonstrates that these milled samples are not purely hematite.

Full Text

Glass fibre reinforced polymers hard to machine due to matrix, fibre structure combination. CO2 lasers were used to cut of glass fibre reinforced polymer composite. To know the prospective factors that considerably affect the cutting quality is essential. This research outlines a method to investigate CO2 laser machining of composites and to evaluate the process variables include cutting speed, current, and nozzle work material gap. Experiment indicate that the higher the current and the higher the cutting speed, result in higher the material removal rate and other parameter such as current and nozzle, work material gapare also significant impact on the cutting process of the glass fibre polymer composite.

Full Text

The main objective of this project is to control the temperature of styrene reaction inside jacket reactor by manipulating refrigerant flow of jacket for the learning process of the process control course. Mathematical modelling inside the reactor and the jacket was carried out through moles and energy balances. The temperature control system was implemented using pneumatic valve, sensor-transmitter and dynamic simulation using SIMULINK. The proportional-integral controller reached steady state in a low time and the reaction temperature error was lower than that reached by the proportional controller. Also, the proportional-integral controller reacted fast to the step change in the set point of reaction temperature with a good performance. Likewise, the proportional-integral controller performed very well against a step change in the inlet temperature of polymer.

Full Text

This research is motivated by flood conditions that often occur in low-lying areas in big cities such as Jakarta and Semarang. Notification and early detection of floods are often delayed and carried out manually, and are not integrated with hydroclimatological data, and disaster mitigation, so that they are often delayed and cannot be anticipated by upstream areas. Therefore, it is very important to be able to develop early warning tools so that floods can be detected early and can be anticipated in upstream areas. This research method uses quantitative data analysis of flood prediction studies and the design of the FEDS prototype that uses several sensors for IoT-based flood early detection. The study was conducted along the Ciliwung River from Katulampa, Bogor to the MT Haryono area, Jakarta, Indonesia, using secondary and primary data. Secondary data in the form of water level, river discharge, flood discharge plan, length of the river, rainfall and the area of the watershed. This study uses quantitative data analysis by performing simple and multivariate regression calculations, hydrograph analysis and the curve is the intensity duration frequency (IDF) curve. The results show that flood discharge in Jakarta will increase due to various reasons, one of which is a higher intensity of rainfall in the future and a lower area that can absorb excess water. By comparing the measurement of water level using HEC RAS with data on the floodgates. MT. Haryono, it can be seen that the results are not too different. The Flood Early Detection System (FEDS) is a tool to provide accurate and real time flood early information, so that people living in areas around rivers can prepare early if there is a possibility of flooding. This tool uses an environmentally friendly 20 WP solar power supply, can detect water level, rainfall, humidity and ambient air temperature. This tool uses Ultrasonic Sensor, Flow Sensor, rain sensor and the IoT-based Blynk application, which is expected to be able to provide early information on flood hazard predictions in downstream locations in a practical, accurate and real time manner.

Full Text

The destruction can happen at any point of time, it may be due to negligence of people or due to any failure. The chance of saving peoples life increases when it comes to this application as applicable to many places easily. For example, LPG has additives like propane with butane, present has a high reason regarding people belonging to family and business sector, about there well being. This is a common destruction that causes due to negligence of people in their kitchen or in industry. Due to chance of leaking that may be the reason to trigger blasting in many places or fire hazards. Over the years the leakage of gases has led to heavy loss, it may be applicable to medium to large scale industries, or the gas associated with any of the regions. The combo of gas leakage and fire detection devices is mostly applicable in early detection of gas leakage and fire in near by premises to reduce the chance of occurrence at any point of time. To prevent several hazardous accidents, the system has been built in such a way that it is reliable in detecting fire and gas. Moreover, the system has ability to alert about the information through message to the respective authority using the communication module such as Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM).

Full Text

Product diversification of the SMEs-Scale Cocoa Industry is an important thing to do to improve performance and competitiveness. In connection with this, this research focuses on the study of determining alternative variations of product diversification based on consumer desires and approvals. The analytical methods used are data validity and reliability tests, descriptive statistical analysis, and justification for the impact of product diversification on increasing competitiveness through literature review. The results of the data test show that the data is considered valid because the calculated r-value is > 0.1381 and the data is considered to have perfect reliability because the Cronbach's Alpha value is > 0.90, which is 0.975. The results of valid and reliable data indicate that the alternative results of 42 variations of chocolate product diversification can be believed and accepted for development because it has a value > 3 which means it is approved. The main finding in this study is that 42 product diversification variations can be developed based on the addition of various fruit flavors, additional spices, and plant ingredients and the original chocolate content approach. Empirical studies from the results of previous studies can justify those product diversification strategies developed in SME scale industries such as the chocolate processing industry can improve performance and competitiveness.

Full Text

The main characteristics in the distribution of the territory are due to economic, social, cultural, sanitary and health factors and the availability of natural resources; throughout the research carried out on environmental goods in the territory, it has been identified that such distribution is not carried out in an equitable manner, which contradicts the principle of environmental justice. Particularly, in terms of air quality, being an intangible good, the level of perception and environmental management processes to have access to better quality air is difficult, behavior that is reflected in the quality of life of people, specifically in terms of public health. this work develops an index of environmental justice associated with air quality that allows identifying equity or inequity in the access and quality of the resource by the population, taking as a basis for this study, the composition of the air in the city of Bogotá (Colombia).

Full Text

Present study on detailed examination of a quality of service indicator utilised by the APSRTC to assess the opinions of passengers towards bus transport. The quality of service indicator takes the form of a 20 item opinion scale which covers an array of service aspects. Regression analysis is used to identify hidden constructs which are present within this scale. It is identified some of the factors covering convenience, environment and ease of use issues towards perceived quality of bus service. The study will be useful in explaining variations of bus transport satisfaction. Results of the analysis may suggest regarding quality of bus service vary significantly across passenger groups, with females having a tendency to exhibit relatively negative opinions regarding the quality of the APSRTC environment with a similar finding will be observed in the case of passengers who are looking after the home and family. In addition, peoples suggestions towards improvements to service frequency, availability, reliability and stability will likely increase perceived satisfaction amongst existing passengers. At a more general level, the study demonstrates the level of additional knowledge which can be attained through more detailed analysis of existing transport policy data.

Full Text