In Indian construction scenario, majority of medium rise structures is of framed reinforced concrete structural system with masonry infills. Further, depending on the functional requirements, the floor heights are not uniform thereby introducing vertical stiffness irregularities. The computer modeling using software normally takes care of the stiffness irregularity but designers seldom model the masonry infills. In usual practice, while the mass of the infills is considered, their stiffness contribution is ignored. Moreover, with the increasing requirement to make the structure fully earthquake resistant, behavior of structural system which has been designed using Response Spectrum method has to be studied in the nonlinear range using Pushover analysis. This paper reports the findings of exhaustive analysis carried out on a ground plus eleven story single bay frame with and without infills, and with and without vertical stiffness irregularity in the linear and nonlinear range. Further the study has been expanded to include the effect of different seismic zones as classified in Indian codes.

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An electro-hydraulic actuator (EHA) system is a prevalent mechanism in industrial sectors that required high force such as steel, automotive and aerospace industries. It is a challenging task to acquire precision when dealing with a system that can produce high force. Besides, since most of the mechanical actuator performance varies with time, it is even difficult to ensure its robustness characteristic towards time. Therefore, this paper proposed the industrial’s well-known controller, which is the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller that can improve the precision and the robustness or the EHA system. Then, an enhanced PID controller, which is the fractional order PID (FOPID) controller will be applied. Both controllers are optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Then, this paper will focus to analyse the transient response performance of both controllers through the step and multiple-step response. As a result, it is observed that the precision and robustness characteristic of the FOPID is greater than the PID controller.

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The paper focuses on mining hard-to-reach coal reserves, concentrated in the protecting pillars of main mine workings using auger technology. One of the Western Donbass coal enterprises - Pavlohradska Mine of PJSC DTEK Pavlohradvuhillia - is selected for the research, where in the conditions of ?₄ seam the use of the Auger machine BShK-2DM is considered for coal extraction from protecting pillars of one of the main mine workings. The initial data have been substantiated and a geomechanical model has been constructed for numerical modelling the pillars stress state of the system “rock mass - drilled well”, with the varied width of the interwell pillar. It has been determined that the horizontal rock pressure component, which forms destructive tension stresses, is of predominant importance to substantiate the dimensions of interwell pillars. The pillar optimal width of the ?₄ seam eastern section behind the Pivdenno-Ternivsky? fault at a depth of 120 m may be a value not less than 0.25 m. The accepted interwell pillar width is 0.3 m. The level of coal losses during its extraction from protecting pillars of one of the main mine workings has been determined, which is in the range of 20-30%.

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Concrete for buildings, roads and bridges was very widely used in 2020. The development of concrete construction requires experts to improve the quality and workmanship of concrete in a modern, fast and strong way. Normal concrete without the treatment of any additives will make the quality and compressive strength of concrete around the standard standards. To answer this problem, the research objective is to add Betonmix additives to improve concrete performance and increase the compressive strength of concrete structurally. Normal compressive strength value of concrete at the age of 7 (seven) days is only 249.21 kg/cm2. The compressive strength of normal concrete at 28 (twenty eight) days is 260.75 kg/cm2. The composition of the addition of the right additive will increase the compressive strength of the concrete as planned obtained addititve Betonmix addition composition of 0.20% at the age of 28 (twenty eight) days concrete samples amounted to 300.26 kg/cm2.

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Currently in the aluminum industry for the manufacture of disks for automobile wheel molds, due to increased requirements for the mechanical and casting properties of alloys. Obtaining a given set of physical and mechanical properties is due to both the technology of the alloy and its control for the presence of non-metallic inclusions. The quality of the obtained castings is largely determined by their homogeneity, which, in turn, depends on the amount, size and nature of non-metallic inclusions that form in the casting (ingot) during melting and subsequent crystallization. The content of non-metallic inclusions in the volume of the metal is relatively small, but their presence leads to a significant decrease in the quality of the metal and, as a consequence, the rejection of the finished product. Therefore, the development of new and improvement of existing methods for assessing the degree of contamination of a metal alloy, which makes it possible to reduce the time for conducting research, reduce labor costs and the use of expensive, difficult-to-maintain equipment is an urgent task today. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the method of conducting quantitative analysis to determine the degree of contamination of cast aluminum alloys at different stages of the technological process. Research carried out in the course of the work showed the effectiveness of its application. The use of this technique can significantly reduce the time spent on the analysis. To carry out express control of the degree of contamination of the melt at all stages of the technological process, which makes it possible to improve the quality of the metal and increase the amount of good metal due to timely refining. Investigation of the obtained K-test samples at × 10-50 magnifications allows one to determine the type of inclusion (non-metallic inclusions, oxide film, slag inclusions).

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Electrical energy is generally known that it cannot be stored. Therefore, it is generated whenever there is need or demand for it. Thus, it is imperative for the power utility companies that the load on their systems should be estimated in advance while such estimation of load in advance is referred to as load forecasting. The forecasting could be Short term, Medium term and Long term depending on the certain parameters in consideration. Short term load forecasting method usually has period ranging from one hour to one week. It often assists in approximating load flow and to make decisions that can intercept overloading. Also, Short term forecasting provides obligatory information for the system management of daily operations and unit commitment. This paper presents an Artificial Neural Network-based model for Short-Term Electricity Load Forecasting. The performance of the model is evaluated by applying the hourly load data of a leading power utility company in Nigeria to predict the required load of the next day in advance. These hourly load data were obtained from two number 33KV feeders; namely the Government house and Sabo-Oke. Also, the data were normalized and then loaded into the model. The model was trained in MATLAB R2020a neural network Simulink environment. The simulation results show a good prediction accuracy for the two domains.

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Water quality deterioration leads to impairment of coastal lives, habitat and human health. Sewage, industrial and domestic anthropogenic pollutants deteriorates water quality when jumped untreated into the seawater. In this study, assessment of Water quality parameters at Manora channel Lyari river outfall zone (N 24-51-26, E 66-58-01) is carried out by implying Factor Analysis (FA) And Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and comparing them with National Environmental Water Quality Standards (NEQS) and other studies. Seven parameters Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Bicarbonates (BCO3), potential Hydrogen (pH), Sulphate (SO4), Chloride (Cl) and Ammonia (NH3) is recorded for the study from January, 1996 to December, 2014. Water parameters responsible most for the water quality variation and their point sources are identified by implying FA. High factor loadings at FA identified the BOD and COD as the main contributor for the water quality deterioration as well as violating NEQS limits. BOD is predicted by implying ANN using Mean Square Error (MSE) and R square as Statistical Metrics showing promising results.VF1 (nutrient, agricultural industrial effluent and sewage effluent) and VF2 (industrial effluents) are pollutant sources resulted by FA.

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Since the electricity market are getting more attention due to the electricity demand, there are many options of tariff can be chosen thus making it harder for consumers to make decisions. The consumers must be searching for affordable tariff rate that able to give the benefit in reducing the total electricity cost. In regard to the issue, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) has introduced a more advanced tariff under Demand Side Management (DSM) programs namely Enhance Time of Use (EToU) tariff as an advanced version of the Time of Use (ToU) tariff for generation and demand side benefits. However, the number of participants has joined the program is under expectation due to less awareness and knowledge on the demand side management strategy. Thus, in this study, Simultaneous Demand Side Management (DSM) strategies are proposed for energy consumption cost reduction for a manufacturing energy load profile. Optimization algorithm namely Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is implemented and cases with and without implementation of algorithm are compared in order to idealize the load profile of DSM strategy. The proposed method had shown reduction in electricity cost at all time zones of EToU tariff. The final result of this study is hopefully will contribute to help the industrial consumers in managing their tariff selection and to make demand side management program more acknowledgeable to the consumers.

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A fire hotspot exhibits the potential to create forest and wildfire, and the size of a hotspot determines the potential level to become a fire and its spread rate. Wild and forest fire is a major issue in some counties with a large forest area, especially in a tropical country, such as Indonesia. This research aims to identify and classify the fire hotspot types and their potential to become a large fire that spreads to forest and wild in a tropical region. A sensor detection system is developed to detect the type of fire hotspots. Several sensors are used to identify and classify the model and type of hotspots and their potential level to become a fire that threatens the wild and forest. The fire sensor is used as the main sensor to detect a fire, and other sensors are utilized to obtain supporting data, such as temperature, humidity, and carbon. A computer algorithm is used to classify the types of hotspot potential to spread to the forest on the basis of the data received from all the sensors, especially the fire sensor. The data received from the carbon sensor are used as parameters to determine whether a hotspot can cause a fire or not. Results show that the proposed sensor system can differentiate and classify whether the hotspot has potential to become a fire or only a small and controllable hotspot. The system can also classify the hotspot data in actual condition, including noises, such as flashlight, touch light, and hotspot from cigarette matches. The decision from the sensor system is extremely effective in assisting for forest fire preventive action rather than conventionally shutting down the fire in every hotspot detected.

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The antibacterial activity test of some organotin (IV) benzoate derivative compounds, namely dibutyltin (IV) di-o-, m-, p-chlorobenzoate (2-4) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli has been performed. These compounds were synthesized from dibutyltin (IV) oxide (1) with o-, m-, p-chlorobenzoic acid. The antibacterial activity tests were conducted by diffusion and dilution method and compared their activity with chloramphenicol as positive control and methanol as negative control. The results of the diffusion test showed that the inhibition zone observed for dibutyltin (IV) oxide was 0 mm indicating that this compound did not have antibacterial activity. The dibutyltin (IV) m-dichlobenzoate with a concentration of 100 ppm was observed to have the biggest inhibition zone against the two bacteria, indicating that compound 3 was the most effective as antibacterial compared to the other series. The results of dilution test showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of dibutyltin (IV) o-dichlorobenzoate against S. aureus and E. coli was 100 ppm while the MIC for dibutyltin (IV) di-m-chlorobenzoate was 40 ppm. The dibutyltin (IV) di-p-chlorobenzoate was only observed against S. aureus with MIC value of 60 ppm. Based on the MIC values obtained in the antibacterial activity of these dibutyltin (IV) di- o-, m-, p-chlorobenzoate indicated that these compounds are potential to be developed as antibacterial drug.

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