Indonesia is a country that has the new and renewable energy sources are not yet developed and massive excavated and used, especially energy solar cells and energy rainwater. The advantages of the tropical climate, the rain and heat, should be developed on a massive scale and the diversification of energy. Not only fossil energy is used, but the energy that is around us. One of this rain water energy by using Piezoelectric. The piezoelectric material capable of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy becomes a major source of discussion in this study. The amount of energy generated from impact of rain water can be calculated using mechanical-electric models. The amount of energy that can be produced depends directly on the size of the piezoelectric membrane, the size of raindrops and frequency. As well as solar cells used as electricity. When the two are combined energy such as whether the result. In this research will be assessed on the design and testing of model and simulation of hybrid solar cell - Piezoelectric.

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Purbalingga, Indonesia, is regency with moderately high seism city potential requiring compliance with planning and implementation rules for earthquake-resistant structural systems. We evaluate the performance of a ten-story irregular apartment building model in Purbalingga due to the seismic load. It is necessarily conducted in order to provide information on impacts and mitigation strategies that should be implemented. The evaluation is performed based on seismic loads given in the 2002 and 2012 Indonesian National Standard (SNI) using linear static analysis, dynamic response analysis, and pushover analysis. Based on linear static analysis, the drift ratio decreases by an average of 34.42 and 32.61% for the X and Y directions respectively. Meanwhile, based on the dynamic response analysis, the drift ratio also decreases by an average of 30.74 and 27.33% for the X and Y directions respectively. In addition, the pushover analysis indicates that the performance of this apartment building model is still at Immediate Occupancy (IO) level, the post-earthquake damage state in which the building remains safe to occupy, essentially retaining the pre-earthquake design strength and stiffness of the structure. The risk of life-threatening injury as a result of structural damage is very low, and although some minor structural repairs may be appropriate, these would generally not be required prior to re-occupancy.

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During football playing, helmet is playing a very crucial role. In this paper, we found that the alternative material for outer Shell Plastic Material as Composite material for increase the actual impact Resistance of the Helmet and to reduce the percentage of concussion (Head Injuries). In this research paper a Hybrid composite using a material Kevlar 29 Fabric and Fibre Glass Fabric which is to bond by using Epoxy Resin and with polyuria coating is fabricated and investigated the impact behavior of Kevlar29/ fibre glass hybrid composite laminates by performing the IZOD impact test as per ASTMD 256 method. The Kevlar 29 compressed with a consecutively layer with 5mm thickness. The results are compared with SOLIDWORKS software results.

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This Paper presents a practical way to improve signal bandwidth and resolution in a Sturdy Multi-Stage Noise-Shaping (SMASH) sigma delta modulator. In this way, the processing timing issue in the critical paths of the proposed architecture has been relaxed due to the shifting delay of the modulator loop filter of each stage to the its feedback path. The proposed Unity-STF SMASH architecture, which is realized with several efficient techniques, would be robust to circuit non-idealities such as finite op-amp DC gain. Furthermore the topology can be implemented by a fewer active blocks, suitable it for low power, high operation speed applications.

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The dependency of the forefront islands towards non-renewable energy resulting in difficulty to use this energy in the future. Sungai Suci Beach is the beach that has steep topography and high waves because it is directly facing with Indian Ocean. Based on an initial analysis, Oscillating Water Column (OWC) fixed on-shore tool is suitable to be implemented in this location. This research was conducted through collecting wind, tides, bathymetry and beach slope data. The wind data was used for wave hindcasting using SMB method. Tide data was processed by using Admiralty method. Based on hindcasting wave using 17 years wind data, the average of significant wave height were 2.3 meter and periods 8.5 second with energy availability 67 %. The capacity of power that could be generated was 1.0073 MW and categorized as small hydro. In a review of coastal bathymetry and slope, depths ranging from 0 to 25 meters, and the cliff slope average was 74 degrees. Based on the tidal analysis, OWC’s top side must be built taller than 1.71 meters and the lowest side should be lower than 0.21 meters from MSL. Through this analysis, OWC quite potential to be implemented in the Sungai Suci Beach Bengkulu.

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In the last years, the attention to environmental issue is growing, demonstrating the interest to protect the nature and to better use the non-renewable resources. At international level, and especially in the European Community, for different trades, a wide production of voluntary documents and institutional acts proves the interest and the need for a green economy. An innovative approach may lead to the experience of Green Public Procurements (GPP), in order to protect the environment as a public interest and to promote technological developments. So far the experiences of GPP are limited, not entirely positive and in the field of road infrastructures almost entirely absent. Construction and maintenance of road infrastructures is objectively more complex than purchasing goods or services. The paper proposes the integration of the weighted sum multi-criteria analysis into existing procedures. The methodology needs for environmental labels related to materials, machines and works which contribute to the final product “road”. The labels are recognized at international level and consistent with procedures, conditions and criteria currently published in road tenders, therefore the approach can be followed to pursue the environmental sustainability of road infrastructures without compromising the economic attention.

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In recent years there has been a considerable growth on the integration of various renewable sources and multi types of flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) in many practical power systems in the world. Hence the Distributed Generation is implemented in terms of using renewable source. The major problem faced in distribution network is power loss reduction and finding the proper location of distributed generation (DG). The main aim of the project deals with optimal placement of Distributed Generation with considering the Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices in order to minimize the total real power loss. This paper aims at improving the voltage profile in the Distribution network by optimally placing the DG with and without FACTS devices (SVC). The optimal placement of DG is done based on Voltage Stability Index. The simulation studies of proposed test systems are performed in MATLAB coding. The outcome of the coding shows that there is an improvement in the voltage profile and also there is minimization in power loss of the distribution system.

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Modal Analysis is a common practice to define parameters of structure under scientific view. Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) is a well-known procedure to determine modal parameters. The usage of piezoelectric film sensor as viable and cost-saving device is indeed a need in this advance and sophisticated era. An experiment is conducted to determine modal parameters of aluminum 6061 (Al6061). Here, a free dynamic vibration analysis is conducted to obtain the parameters. Al6061 is chosen as the experiment component because of its wide application in manufacturing industries. Theoretically, if the component vibrates and produce frequency coherence with the natural frequency, resonance frequency will occur which can lead to structural failure. Modal analysis study is conducted by using both simulation and experimental methods. Simulation is conducted via ANSYS software while impact hammer testing is done for experimental work. Piezoelectric film and accelerometer are used as the sensor. The result obtained from simulation showed that frequencies for mode shape 1, 2 and 3 for square shape are 191.89Hz, 542.34Hz and 766.18Hz. The result gained from accelerometer showed that frequencies for mode shape 1, 2 and 3 for square shape are 195.00Hz, 557.00Hz and 865.00Hz. The result captured from piezoelectric film sensor appeared that frequencies for mode shape 1, 2 and 3 for square shape are 205.33Hz, 609.33Hz and 904.33Hz. The result obtained from simulation showed that frequencies for mode shape 1, 2 and 3 for circle shape were 134.60Hz, 324.73Hz and 727.52Hz. The result obtained from accelerometer showed that frequencies for mode shape 1, 2 and 3 for circle shape were 158.67Hz, 421.33Hz and 625.00Hz. Finally, the result captured from piezoelectric film sensor appeared that frequencies for mode shape 1, 2 and 3 for circle shape were 141.00Hz, 321.00Hz and 504.33Hz respectively. The equation of gradient for accelerometer and piezofilm is ya = 316.42x – 104.13 and yp = 309.63x – 43.20 respectively. Therefore, the relationship between the natural frequency of accelerometer and piezofilm for the square-shaped specimen is ya = 1.02yp – 59.98. The equation of gradient for accelerometer and piezofilm is ya = 270.55x – 134.82 and yp = 280.89x – 215.04 respectively. Therefore, the relation between the natural frequency of accelerometer and piezofilm for the circle-shaped specimen is ya = 0.96yp + 72.3. Both result showed the regression ratio of 1.02 and 0.96 which is approximately 1.0 and there was a good results agreement between simulation and experimental outcome.

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New generations of equipments must have better performances respect to the previous generations, such as higher efficiency, low power consumption, reduced electromagnetic interference, small dimensions, lightness and so on; all these improvements must be achieved while maintaining, at the same time, systems cost as low as possible. Brush-Less Direct Current (BLDC) motors, employed even more in the last years in many equipments in various application fields, present low maintenance costs, compact size, high reliability, efficiency, low power consumption and other optimum features, proposing themselves as excellent candidates for satisfying the stringent requirements mentioned previously. In this paper, after a detailed overview on the current and possible future application fields of BLDC motors, from home appliances, to automotive, industrial automation, medical equipments and robotic instrumentation, the design and realization of a driving and control system of a BLDC motor, with Hall sensors embedded, is presented. A BLDC motor is provided by permanent magnets on moving part (rotor) and windings on fixed part (stator); energized stator windings create electromagnetic poles and the rotor (equivalent to a bar magnet) is attracted by the energized stator phase. By using appropriate sequence to supply stator phases, a rotating field on stator is created and maintained. The lead between rotor and rotating field must be controlled to produce torque and this synchronization implies accurate knowledge of rotor position which is obtained by means of the embedded Hall effect sensors. The realized driving system is composed by three principal blocks: the control electronic board, the power driving board and the BLDC motor. By PC connected via USB with the driving board, the user can choose the motor rotation direction, set the desired rpm value and, by varying potentiometer value located on board, change the rotation speed. Different tests were performed for verifying the correct motor operation and the results show that all the employed devices, driving board, control board and BLDC motor, work properly.

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The processes preparation of oil it is dehydration, desalination, as well as the stabilization of oil. Essence oil stabilization is separated from its volatile hydrocarbons (propane, butane fraction) and the soluble attendant gases in the oil, which reduces the loss of oil from the fumes, it reduces the intensity of corrosion of the process equipment, the equipment and piping along the path of movement of oil from the field to the refinery and also produces a valuable raw material for the petrochemical industry. In the vacuum separation of the oil is separated wide gas fraction, which along with propane-butane fraction contains large amounts of higher hydrocarbons, the extraction of oil which improves the quality of associated petroleum gas. Therefore, in terms of profitability, ease of maintenance and availability on the field gas treatment or associated petroleum gas treatment advisable in many cases to use a vacuum separation for oil stabilization.

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Network security is one of the primary concerned now days for large organizations. MANETs are deployed in challenging real-world environments for example, disaster management, civilian emergency operation and unmanned aircraft operation. Providing Security in this type of environment is the most challenging problems as the operation environment of such network is usually is difficult to decide. This will lead to any malicious activity that will affect the operation of the networks. Various modifications are being applied to IDS regularly to detect new attacks to handle them effectively. In this paper, we have designed a effective Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect the attacks in a MANET that uses modified fuzzy min max neural network in a effective manner. The aim of the proposed work is to improve the detection accuracy ratio and reduce the false positive rate. IDS is designed as a two phases technique, in which the first phase use the fuzzy min max neural network algorithm to train 60% data and test 40% data of the network. In the second phase, the modified fuzzy min max neural network algorithm is applied to 60% of train data +20% test data to form a new train data set and test the remaining 20% data collected. The proposed two phase intrusion detection method was evaluated using KDD cup data set. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is better than the other methods in terms of the detection rate, accuracy and reduced false positive rate.

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Titanium and aluminium alloys are ubiquitously used in aerospace, automobile, chemical and medical applications due to their innate and characteristic properties of high strength to weight ratio, specific strength at elevated temperatures, corrosion and chemical resistance, creep and fatigue strength etc. Manufacture of accurate precision components from titanium alloys is a daunting task as the alloys are difficult to cut material due to the ingrained microscopic as well as macroscopic qualities such as low thermal conductivity, low modulus of rigidity, work hardening, high chemical reactivity with tool, built-up edge formation etc. during machining processes. Turning is one of the most widely used manufacturing techniques for producing circular shape from irregular shape in the real time industry applications and there are a large number of parameters to be investigated in this process. Predictions of important process variables of turning such as temperature, cutting forces and stress distributions play significant role on designing turning process parameter and optimizing cutting conditions. Therefore finite element deform 3d (FEA) and simulation comes as a handy tool to calculate and analyse the tool wear rate which in turn helps us save time and also leads to less material wastage. The tool bit base metal used is tungsten carbide over which a coating of three different materials namely Ti, Al2O3 and TiCN has been applied. Four factors that are -material, federate, speed, and depth of cut were taken into considerations at three different levels to get nine experiments which was then optimized by taguchi method to infer and analyse the best suitable parameter and condition for least amount of tool wear during turning operation.

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Files in the cloud have chances of getting misused by a hacker or a malicious person. In order to solve this issue, we introduce a method where the owner of the file in a cloud sent an email notification regarding the file modification. The file is uploaded by a group owner in a private cloud, users have access to register for the group and download the required file. An auditor is assigned to check for any modification that has been to made to the file .The files are encrypted and kept initially, slight changes made in the encrypted content is also detected by the auditor and the file owner is notified about the modification via email.

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Rain has deleterious impact on satellite signal propagation above Ku-band due to scattering and absorption. Numerous Empirical and Non-empirical models are evolved based on measured statistics to estimate the rain attenuation. The day wise, monthly and yearly analysis for 3 years of data is performed in Vaddeswaram. Of the available models, for the tropical region, ITU-R model which uses bulk recorded database clearly underestimates the value. In this paper different attenuation models like ITU-R, RH, SAM and Moupfouma are studied and the results are compared with measured values and analyzed to determine the suitable model for one of the tropical region Vaddeswaram, A.P. It is observed that the average attenuation is around 13.5dB in a year and Moupfouma model is best suited for this region.

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Stabilization method for fibrous peat is more beneficial than other soil improvement methods; it is cheaper and environmental friendly. Therefore, it has been developed continuously to obtain the optimum results. The previous study shows that 10% of admixture (lime CaCO3+fly ash) causes bearing capacity of the stabilized peat increases and its compression decreases. However, the study was carried out without considering the field condition where the area of stabilized peat was only as wide as the area that will be built. It means that the surrounding of the stabilized peat is still the original peat with very high water content. Consequently, water from the original peat will infiltrate into the stabilized peat area which has smaller voids and lower water content. Based on this consideration, the study was carried out to check the effect of water infiltration to the behavior of stabilized peat. This field condition was imitate in the laboratory model by putting the stabilized peat in the middle of the original peat. The admixture (lime CaCO3+fly ash) used was 10% and the stabilized peat parameter was observed until 180 days. The results show that behavior of stabilized peat w/o-infilt improve rapidly because formation of CaSiO3 gel is faster; however, in short curing period (90 days), its shear strength drops drastically and its compression becomes bigger. On the other hand, CaSiO3 gel formation of stabilized peat w-infilt is slow due to CaSiO3 gel formation is disturbed by water infiltration. As a result, its behavior improves slowly and the optimum results of the stabilized peat w-infilt reaches when the curing periods longer than 120 days. It also figures out that water infiltration gives a good effect to the behavior of stabilized peat.

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This paper presents evaluation of Power System Restoration (PSR) Indices based on the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) assessment of two-area thermal reheat power system with FACTS devices in a restructured environment. These PSR indices indicate the ancillary service requirements to improve the efficiency of the physical operation of the power system with the increased transmission capacity in the network. In this study, a new control strategy the Proportional and Integral plus (PI+) controllers are designed using Krill Herd (KH) algorithm for solving AGC problem in power system. The PI+ controller uses a low-pass filter on the command signal to remove the transient’s response over shoot. In this way, the integral gain can be raised to higher values and PI+ controller is useful in applications for AGC loop. The recent advances in power electronics have led to the development of the FACTS devices such as Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPS) and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) are capable of controlling the network condition in a very fast and economical manner. The proposed PI+ controllers are designed and implemented in two-area unequal interconnected reheat thermal power plants with FACTS devices are considered for simulation study and their optimum settings are obtained using KH algorithm employing Integral Square Error based fitness function. From the simulations results, the incorporation of FACTS devices can enhance the total transfer capability and decrease the line congestion and to ensure improved PSR Indices in order to provide good margin of stability.

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We need to know the magnitude of the forces acting on rolling drilling bit to assess reliability and durability of cutting structure of rolling drilling bits and datum mode of roller bit. There is a brand new measuring device that allows measuring the amount of force on each tooth of each roller bit in cooperation with nondestructive bottom hole, consisting of concentric steel rings, divided into two sectors. There was made a skid for realization of this method, which was intended for rolling drilling bit under pressure in bottom hole of measuring device. There is a method for measurement of forces, which effects on elements of rolling drilling bit. There is a substantiation about choice of object of research and results of made experiments and its statistical processing minimum required length of one test was determined and number of repeats of each test to obtain reliable results at a given confidence level and permissible measurement error. There was made an analysis, which showed cooperation schemes of one crown to bottom hole, and on the basis of which it was concluded that axial components of forces have a greater impact on the durability of drilling bit cutting structure than tangential. Therefore, only axial components were evaluated in selection of test mode. Optimal ranges of axial loads on bit and bit speeds were determined, and that allowed getting an objective picture of distribution of forces on drilling bit cutting structure. Developed method with using a computer allows getting a large amount of reliable information very quickly about how to download all elements of equipment of rolling drilling bits of various sizes in order to optimize the design of their cutting structure and gauntries.

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Marine ducted propellers are rotating duct fan that are used on tugs and trawlers which creates a greater propulsive thrust force to drive over a water medium on heavy working condition in harbour. This paper progresses with comprehensive information of marine ducted propeller. Which blade made of aluminum alloy and duct of alloy steel is designed and analyzed with various blade formations 4 and 5 separately and to check the performances of each blade individually to show which blade performs efficiently better with maximum velocity rate under stream line motion on water at dynamic condition. Ducted propeller is modeled in solid works. Hydrostatic and hydrodynamic analyses of each blade are performed with ANSYS workbench.

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Present day locker systems are not highly secured. In order to overcome the various security issues proposed a locker system using latest technologies like IoT (Internet of Things) coupled with Facial recognition system and generation of OTP (One Time Password). IoT is one of the latest technologies where the various smart electronic devices are connected using the internet with the help of sensors, actuators in order to exchange information. Face recognition system is another application which ensures that only authentic user gets to access the locker by ensuring verification of facial features. To access the locker, the user has to type the locker PIN (Personal Identification Number). The camera module is initiated for the facial recognition after the verification of pin is validated. Using Viola Jones Algorithm an efficient face detection system is developed. Extractions of facial features are being carried out efficiently using GLCM (Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix), HOG (Histogram of Oriented feature Gradient), and Gabor Filter techniques. After verifying the authentic user an OTP is sent to the registered mobile number. If any of the credentials do not match then the system will capture the intruder’s face and simultaneously an email and a SMS (Short Message Service) will be sent to the registered mobile number through which one can inform to the police.

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For the present, it has been dispensed with the traditional ways using modern methods in a lot of practical industries that require a more accurate control. In this paper, a Fuzzy logic has been applied to control the important variables of steam turbine in AL Dura station in Baghdad that generate (160MW). These controlled variables are pressure, temperature, speed and humidity. Fuzzy requires a data which obtained from actual power plant. This work explains the control on turbine stages during operation in order to make a right decision if any faults occurred during these stages at limit conditions based on fuzzy system. It was used simulation of Fuzzy system in MATLAB program (V 2014 a). The interest of the fuzzy controller that it is fundamentally based on the practical experience of engineer for putting specific values must be appropriate for the system's work within the normal operating limits for control via fuzzy logic and make a right decision when a problem occurs.

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During emergencies, a number of rescue teams come to the field and setup their own radio communication systems. If the deployed communication setup does not coordinate among themselves properly, they may interfere with each other when using the same RF channels known as co-channel interference. Spectrum sensing is the most important and complex job for cognitive radios. Cooperation among cognitive radio nodes is needed to enhance the sensing performance. In this paper, we present an experimental study of this solution. A Software Defined Radio comprising of GNU Radio and USRP were used to capture the signal samples to build a database profile of the spectrum condition. MATLAB communications toolbox was used to analyze the data and examine the spectrum pertaining to the condition in emergency networks. The benefits of cooperative spectrum sensing in avoiding co-channel interference during emergency situations are illustrated. Cooperation among cognitive spectrum sensing nodes operating at the same frequency improves the probability of detection, and the overall efficiency of the system. Results show that the cooperative sensing scheme outperforms the individual sensing approach. It can increases the probability of detection relative to the collected samples as the key performance indicator.

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Groundwater, which is both a part of subsoil and part of total water resources, is a valuable mineral, the use of which in the economy and social sphere, and mainly for household and drinking water supply of the population, is increasing every year. At the moment, the Russian groundwater resources management system is imperfect, as the regulatory methods used have a number of significant problems that limit the optimal course of the processes of studying, extracting and using such a valuable resource as water. Accordingly, the optimization of the production and use of groundwater requires significant changes in the field of the organizational and economic mechanism. As a result of the analysis of the tax legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of regulation of the commercial use of underground mineral medicinal and potable water, the main problems were identified and rational ways of their solution are proposed.

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Titanium alloys found broad applications in aviation, chemical, and automotive sectors because of its lightweight, high-temperature strength, and high corrosion resistance. This research paper investigates the influence of machining variables on the surface roughness of the machined component in finish turning of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. The finish turning experiments conducted on GEEDEE WEILER CNC lathe at different speeds (v), feed (f) and depth of cut (d). Uncoated tungsten carbide insert was used as the cutting tool. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array utilized to perform the experiments. After conducting each test, surface roughness measured using surfcom tester. The optimal machining variables that provide the smaller value of surface roughness is determined based on signal to noise ratio method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was accomplished to identify the most affecting machining variable on surface roughness. The experimental result shows that the feed was the most dominant variable that influences the surface roughness. From the ANOVA, the surface roughness in finish turning is strongly influenced by the feed rate followed by speed and depth of cut. The minimum surface roughness was obtained by the following optimal variables via speed 75 m/min, feed rate 0.1 mm/rev and depth of cut 0.25 mm.

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In the present world the death rate due to cancer, a malignant tumour is increasing day by day. Therefore, cancer detection is a challenging task to the doctors to detect it, in the preliminary stages. This detection can be done by identifying the tumour whether it is benign or malignant with help of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In this paper, the MRI slices are segmented and then they are reconstructed to into 3D for better understanding the stage of tumour. First the MRI images are preprocessed and a new heuristic algorithm based on Expectation-Maximization, Histogram and object based thresholding methods is developed to identify the cancer wherein the resultant of the algorithm is 2D. For better understanding of the cancer stage these 2D images are combined to form a 3D view of the tumour. The performance of these hybrid fused techniques will be compared in terms of quality of the resultant tumor.

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A thermodynamic approach to the calculation of ventilation systems operating time in storage facilities of juicy vegetable raw materials basing on the humidity potential theory is suggested. Results of theoretical and experimental studies of the dynamics of heat and mass transfer processes in a layer of stored products are shown. Improving of agricultural products preservation is achieved by optimization of ventilation systems operation modes.

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An Experimental study was conducted to investigate the compressive strength of lightweight polystyrene sandwich blocks. Eight blocks were subjected to compressive strength by using combination of cement, weld mesh, Thermocol and sand. Four blocks in single mesh and other four blocks in three web mesh with combination of M, V and U Pins. The test results of control block i.e. single mesh block without pin was compared with other specimen show that lightweight aggregate concrete blocks (400mm X 200mm X 100mm) offered higher compressive strength of 4.12MPa at 28 days. The density of foamed-concrete is found to be 1200 kg/m3. Hence there is a reduction of dead load, faster building rates in construction and lower haulage and handling costs.

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Grid computing paved way for efficient utilization of resources and this is one of the important aspects in the recent research trends. In this paper, an Intelligent Water Drops (IWD) algorithm is proposed for task workflow scheduling with hyper-heuristic search for achieving better performance optimization for workflow distribution in computational grid environment. The challenge is to find the best matching resource among the available free resources for which a grid broker is used. A hyper heuristic search is performed which undergoes multiple rounds of searches for finding the best matching resource by imparting a specific point in time rule. Load balancing is achieved by computing the average computational power of all the resources and grouping the resources. This helps the system to assign various types of jobs to the resources, thus improving the computational efficiency. The performance parameters such as makespan, cost, deadline of jobs and number of searches for finding best optimal resource are considered for performance enhancement. The simulation results of Intelligent Water Drops based Hyper-heuristic algorithm is compared with few of the latest existing works and the proposed algorithm outperforms thus achieving performance optimization.

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In computer aided diagnosis, pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification are the steps involved. For segmentation the boundary must be defined to get regional information inside the boundary. Ground Glass Opacity (GGO) has ill-defined boundary. Hence, there is a necessity to optimize the boundary of GGO. Once the boundary is optimized, feature extraction and classification of malignant and benign of the particular GGO becomes easy. Using Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution (DRLSE) and Active contour without edges independently, the contour is grown and compared with the model image. The model image was created using the expertise of a Radiologist, applying Mattes Mutual information method. The contour which gives maximum mutual information is concluded as the optimized boundary. Wavelet transform has already been proven its application in identifying pits and cracks of corrosion metals. The same analogy is applied in GGO so that the partly solid and liquid GGOs can be precisely classified as malignant or benign. After optimizing the ill-defined boundary of GGO features of wavelet transformation were extracted along with textural features of mean and variance. Skewness and kurtosis were neglected since they were negligibly small. It is shown that on comparing the growing contour with model image using mattes mutual information, the DRLSE method shows greater results, without leaking compared to Active contour without edges. After extraction of features from wavelet transformation and textural features classification as malignant and benign was done using learning vector quantization (LVQ). On finding the optimized boundary, it is easier to classify the ground glass opacity as diffuse finding or local finding. Hence taking two images where one is taken as malignant and other as benign classification was done as benign and benign by the classifier. The malignant have been identified as benign due to minimum number of images used in training.

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The development of technology in the world is growing rapidly. In connection with the growth of these technologies, many houses or apartments implement the smart home system. The implementation of the smart home system is useful to the security of a home especially on the access of appliances and others that should implement smart environments. One of these systems is implementing radio frequency identification (RFID). This paper has used a method of identification implementing radio waves on the certain frequency combined with an Arduino microcontroller as the core to process input and output (I/O) components that are connected to the database through the interface application. The expected result of making this device can provide an additional security option in a real implementation to be able accessing a door to maximize a security by providing validation of the access rights using RFID tag that read by the RFID reader.

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This paper presents the frictional effect and load carrying capacity in porous inclined multi stepped composite bearings with couple stress fluids. The most general form of the modified Reynolds type equations derived for the squeeze film lubrication of the porous inclined multi stepped bearings and an expressions for pressure distribution, work load and frictional force is mathematically derived. These expressions can be utilized to obtain the performance characteristics of different types of geometry under consideration. The important parameters for discussing the behavior of bearing characteristics are the couple stress parameter , the percolation parameter ‘ß’ and the permeability parameter. The global system of equations was obtained for the bearing and solved using MATLAB iterative scheme. It is observed that there is a significant increase in the pressure distribution this will lead to an increase in load capacity for fluids with couple stress in comparison with Newtonian fluids and the coefficient of friction for inclined stepped composite bearing compared to other geometries. According to the results, the couple stress fluid as a lubricant improves the squeeze film characteristics and results in a longer bearing life.

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This paper aims to present the information and communication learning model applicable in teaching students at school site. The proposed model deals with the information creation and control based on the physical computing and information transfer based on TCP/IP socket in one framework. It thus provides students with the total understanding and practice opportunity about information and communication technology simultaneously. Our proposed learning models are classified into the client-server based model and the web based model. The model has been implemented on Raspberry Pi well known as a physical computing education platform. In the real implementation, the information acquisition and control are performed by C and Python, and the information communications are carried by socket interface. Our proposed learning model is also used for students to understand the basic concept of Internet of Things (IoT), which provides us with worldwide control and communication of information.

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AC to DC conversion with the help of power electronic converters is very much used these days in many applications. Rectification of input supply is essential in many areas of engineering especially in motor drive applications. BLDC motor is fed with DC supply and need a rectifier to convert available AC supply to DC type. Rectification from input AC supply to DC output with simple diode bridge rectifier insists for an output capacitance for stiff DC output. The presence of capacitance at the output of DC side deteriorates source power factor and reduced power factor at source side can cause serious problems in the system. This phenomenon insists for power factor correction. Power factor correction using DC-DC converters is a general practice. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of different types of power factor correction converters for BLDC motor drive application. Power factor correction converters like current follower Buck converter, Bridgeless Buck converter and Hybrid Buck converters were presented in this paper for evaluation. The Simulink models and results are developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Power factor angle between source voltage and source current was presented with all three converters and THD in stator current was also depicted.

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The research aimed to obtain the impact of the branched fatty acid ester use as blending biodiesel towards physical properties, engine performance and exhausted emission. This was a laboratory research consisting of testing of exhausted gas emission using Diesel Oil, Palm Biodiesel (B100), and Palm biodiesel blending with branched fatty Acid Ester (Bio-Plus). The result of the research were indicates that the physical properties of Bio-Plus is very different from the physical properties of B100, and diesel fuel. A significant difference can be seen in the value of the cetane number, kinematic viscosity, and heat value. Cetane number and kinematic viscosity of Bio-Plus is higher than the B100 and diesel, but heat value of the Bio-plus is lower than the B100 and diesel. Performance diesel engine with fuel Bio-plus better than the B100 and diesel. Use of Bio-plus can reduce exhaust emissions, especially NOX emissions were detected in the form of NO2 and COX emissions.

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Dynamic logic style is popular due to its fast processing speed and less power dissipation in high performance circuit design as compared to static CMOS logic style. However, dynamic logic has less noise tolerance and charge sharing problems and hence it is not widely accepted for all high speed applications. As a consequence, a domino logic circuit is proposed for applications such as high-speed adder, comparator and arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) design. Furthermore, the proposed domino logic circuit provides multi standard advantages such as less propagation delay, less power dissipation and high fan out capability. The proposed circuit is simulated and tested in T SPICE with 45 nm technology. Moreover, it is compared with other domino logic circuits in terms of power dissipation and propagation delay.

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Arief Wibowo, Edi Winarko and Azhari

Twitter contains many natural language text elements that can be used for many purposes. One purpose is to produce the information about road and traffic conditions. The goal of this research is to propose a new extraction method for Indonesia Twitter text called xTRoad. By applying the xTRoad method, the national roads at Jakarta city could be identified by the other roadways nearby those which are connected in the particular region. The identification of the road and traffic conditions is completed in less than four minutes. The obtained information has the attributes of time, date, day, road names, incidents, weather and traffic conditions. All elements can be used to form the profile of road and traffic conditions. The results of this study showed that the obtained profiles have many dimensions such as the congestion conditions per thirty minutes, the types of barriers that occur on national roads, the trend of traffic jam in 24 hours, etc. The similarity level for comparison between the traffic conditions from the extracted text and video data has an accuracy of 62.8%.

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Vempati Krishna and V. Purna Chnder Rao

Image compression methods which are capable of delivering high reconstruction quality are of great demand in research. Analysis of medical images is very important and crucial in diagnosis .However in medical images, only a portion of it is useful for diagnosis so there is the need to implement region based compression method for these images. This paper proposes one such region based algorithm with only a single approach which can be applied in both lossy and lossless modes. Experiments were conducted on MR brain images and the results were showing improvement with respect to traditional approaches.

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K. Vivek Babu, K. Anudeep Reddy, C. M. Vidhyapathi and B. Karthikeyan

This study aimed to create a proto type system which employs an Embedded System using Raspberry Pi for observing the weather changes. This proto type discusses a monitoring system which gives information about environmental conditions on a more local level, the implementation area are categorize by industrial, home and office applications and briefly touches the technological advancements in monitoring the environment and bringing out the new scope in monitoring the current environment problems. The system could monitor surrounding weather conditions including humidity, temperature, soil moisture, rainfall and the light intensity. This prototype and comparative analysis of the environment system was applied in a sample agricultural farm. This prototype system was found to be comfortable for farmers for effectively monitoring the farm anywhere at any time, which results cost reduction, asset saving, and productive management in farming. The prototype system is developed using open source hardware Raspberry PI and WI-FI which proves cost effective and having low power consumption. The sensors gather the data of various environmental parameters and provide it to Raspberry PI which act as a base station. The Raspberry PI then transmits the data using WI-FI and the processed data will be displayed on laptop through accessing the server that is on the receiver side.

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D. Sai Phani Sharath Chandra, Nischal Padarthi, Vidhyapathi C. M. and Karthikeyan B.

What you do today determines your tomorrow; not having an efficient disposal strategy today will lead to a trashy tomorrow. Noting and implementing a robust mechanism for disposal is what this paper aims at. This project works on an integrated sensing system which involves gathering details of parameters that help us in being aware of the condition of dustbin using sensors and updating the inputs received from the sensors to an IOT based server using Raspberry-pi so that that the information can be accessed from any remote device by waste handlers and from the information received by the waste handlers help them decide whether a particular area needs immediate cleaning or not and also if an area needs extra litter bins to be placed nearby or removal and relocating existing litter bins to other places where they are needed so as to handle waste effectively. Dustbins are fixed with sensors which are further interfaced with microcontroller and based on the information received from sensors it notifies the status of the bin to the municipal corporation. This results in automation of the process of waste management. The data thus collected can also be used in data analytics which helps in the precise estimation of the condition of bin beforehand.

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Maan S. Hassan, Ikbal N. Gorgis and Ali A. Jaber

This study focuses on the effects of colloidal nanosilica (nS) on fresh and key hardened properties of SCCs in comparison with similar replacement values of the commonly used microsilica (mS). Two types of portland cement with low (type V) and moderate (type I) tricalciumaluminates (C3A) and three percentages of cement replacement with nS or mS. Fourteen concrete mixes were evaluated for flow, T50, V- funnel, J-ring and L-box as workability measurements; and compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and chloride resistance as hardened properties. Fresh properties results reveal that with equivalent percentages of cement replacement and super-plasticizer added, colloidal nS shows lower workability measurements compared to that of mS. This observation is consistence for both types of cement used. The use of nS enhanced all concretes compressive strengths compared to mS and control mixtures. The improvements were a function of nS dosages used. The enhancements in splitting tensile strengths, however, were more pronounced at lower nS dosage of 3%, which reflect the sensitivity of tensile properties to the binder replacement effects. The remarkable improvements in chloride resistance performance for concretes contained nS, correlate with the compressive strength results and indicating for better pore structure characteristics.

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Abhigyan Singh, Devbrat Rath, Keshav Bansal and Vidhyapathi C. M.

In recent years, the world has seen a lot of progress in automated home systems. The existing home automation systems are basic: turning switches on/off, etc. over the Internet. But this leaves a lot to be desired in the Home Security department. While there are systems that let you view your security camera feed, this is highly time consuming and counter-productive. Pressing of buttons also needs to be replaced with a voice-to-text and a text-to-voice feedback system to enable ease of access. Also, using the Internet servers to control devices makes the systems prone to server-related issues like lag when the servers are overloaded, etc. Hence, there is a need to access the devices in Real Time. This paper deals with all of the above mentioned issues. It deals with the idea of using PubNub Networks as a real time operator, and using facial recognition interfaced with the Face book account of the home owner to make the surveillance of homes more time saving and accurate, and usage of a mobile application-based interactive feedback system.

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S. Madiwale, A. Karthikeyan, V. Bhojwani and S. Chougule

Non conventional, alternative and as different energy source of energy, biodiesel attracted many scientists and researchers to consider him as an alternative fuel for automotive sector in last few years by large. Biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel, which contains 10 % to 11% oxygen, no aromatics, higher cetane number and reduce harmful pollutants from engine exhaust. Higher viscosity, higher flashpoint, poor cloud point, poor pour point and poor cold filter plugging point of pure biodiesel limits its direct usage as fuel in the diesel engine. So it is required to prepare the blend of biodiesel /diesel with addition of ethanol as an additive in order to improve hot flow and cold flow properties of the blend. Improved hot flow and cold flow properties will enhance engine performance, combustion and exhaust emissions. In the present study feedstock of cottonseed biodiesel/diesel blend is used as fuel with the addition of 5% of ethanol as an additive. Blend properties were investigated as per IS 1448 standards. Experimental investigations were carried out on single cylinder diesel engine with eddy current dynamometer. Experimental investigation shows that addition of ethanol improves kinematic viscosity by 7% .cloud point by 9%, and pour point by 10% but density was increased by 3% and calorific value decreased by 9% .Engine performance , combustion characteristics and reduction in emissions , are improved drastically by addition of an ethanol as an additive in the cottonseed biodiesel/diesel blend . Improved hot flow and cold flow properties , improved combustion , improved performance and reduced emissions proves that cottonseed oil biodiesel/diesel blend with ethanol as an additive stands as an alternative fuel for diesel engine.

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Chong W. Lup, Siti N. Khotimah and Freddy Haryanto

Initiated from the availability of a simple to use and portable wireless electroencephalography, an effort was taken to find out the hemisphere of the brain that would be more active during human physical body movements. By recording the human brain waves using this wireless headset, the electroencephalogram (EEG) data were then processed with EEGLAB, which is an interactive Matlab toolbox. Visual inspections were performed from the output of Channel Spectra and Maps. Data output from the power spectral density estimation from Matlab were tabulated using Microsoft Excel. The more active brain hemisphere results from the visual inspections and tabulated data were either crisscross, no crisscross or dominant regardless of the movement of the arm or leg raising and neck turning.

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Shubham Kumar Vashisth, Avneet Shrivastava, M. Shanmugasundaram and Sundar S.

The aim of this project is to reduce number of wires in vehicle and alert the driver of blind zone collision. Because of the expanding number of sensors sent in current vehicles, intra-vehicular remote sensor systems (IVWSNs) have as of late gotten a great deal of consideration in the car industry, as they can diminish the measure of wiring tackle inside a vehicle. By evacuating the wires, auto producers can diminish the heaviness of a vehicle and enhance motor execution, mileage, and dependability. Notwithstanding these immediate advantages, an IVWSN is an adaptable stage that can bolster other vehicular applications too. An illustration application, known as a side visually impaired zone caution (SBZA) framework, which screens the visually impaired zone of the vehicle and cautions the driver in a convenient way to avoid impacts, is talked about in this paper. The execution of the IVWSN-based SBZA framework is assessed through genuine investigations led on two test vehicles. Our outcomes demonstrate that the proposed framework can accomplish roughly 95%-99% location rate with under 15% false alert rate. Contrasted and business frameworks utilizing radars or cameras, the primary advantage of the IVWSN-based SBZA is significantly lower cost.

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Valentina Loganina

Information on the law of distribution of the operating time to failure of protective and decorative coatings is given. The example of polyvinyl acetate cement and polymer coatings shows that the Weibull distribution more accurately describes the behavior of the failure probability of coatings.

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Abdul Samad, Harnen Sulistio, Ludfi Djakfar and Achmad Wicaksono

Indonesia is one of the countries categorized as developing countries with increasing demand for transportation, in which the people prefer using private transportation for its convenience and punctuality. Meanwhile, one of the efforts to overcome the problem with public transportation is by operating Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). Indeed, Jogja has a BRT called Trans Jogja. The implementation of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) itself requires a performance evaluation, by exploring the service quality. Strategic priorities for the implementation of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) management are needed in optimizing the performance of BRT in Jogja. The findings of this study reveal that the better the management of BRT is, the more the performance of BRT will directly improve. The better the policy of BRT is, the more the performance of BRT will directly improve. The better the quality of BRT management is, the more the quality of BRT service will directly improve. The better the policy of BRT is, the more the quality of BRT service will directly improve. Improving the quality of BRT management and policy will directly enhance the performance of BRT and indirectly will affect the improvement of the service quality.

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This paper is the first to demonstrate and simulated a simple and systematic transfer matrix (T-matrix) method for analyzing the accumulated effects of Rayleigh Backscattering (RB) and Fresnal reflection (FR) crosstalk on signal transmission in bidirectional single-fiber WDM-PON systems for the conventional (usually 20 km transmission without any amplification in remote node) and comparing with the analytical methods. Secondly by using analytical method we are going to analyse the three cases for long-reach WDM-PONs (100km by utilizing optical amplifier to enhance the power budget) in the first case the best crosstalk-to-signal (C/S) is achieved when the Remote Node (RN) is placed either near to the Central office (CO) or Optical Network Unit (ONU) section. And in the second case, we are going to achieve the best effective crosstalk-to-signal (C/S) ratio when the Remote Node (RN) gain is placed at the middle of transmission link. And in the third case, the crosstalk-to-signal (C/S) ratio gets worse nearly by 1.5 dB in the presence of a strong reflection (r = 30 dB). Eventually if the FR is increased by the smaller reflectivity and therefore EDFA gain must be exaggerated, the crosstalk-to-signal (C/S) ratio will even get worse when EDFA is placed near to ONU section. This happens due to the reamplification and re-modulation feedbacks of back reflections that may occur in the Transmission of the signal at Remote Node (RN). This transfer matrix method is efficient, powerful (when comparing with the analytical methods). Its accuracy is verified for straight forward system architectures and then applied for complex architectures of long-reach hybrid WDM-PONs.

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Quick depletion of fossil fuels, increasing fossil-gas fee, carbon rate, and the hunt of low carbon gas for cleanser environment - these are the motive researchers are seeking out options of fossil fuels. Renewable, non-flammable, biodegradable, and non-toxic are a few reasons that are making biodiesel as a suitable solution to update fossil-gas in close to future. In latest years, in many nations of the sector manufacturing and use of biodiesel has gained popularity. On this research, biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil and Calophyllum inophyllum oil has been produced the use of the transesterification technique. Properties of the produced biodiesels have been compared with the BIS15607: 2005 standard: biodiesel well known and trying out techniques. Density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, cloud point, pour point and calorific fee, these are the six important physicochemical houses that were investigated. Each Jatropha curcas biodiesel and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel have been within the popular limits, so that they both may be used as the alternative of diesel gas. Moreover, engine overall performance and emission parameters of a diesel engine run by both Jatropha curcasbiodiesel–diesel and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel–diesel blends were evaluated at excessive idling conditions. Brake precise gasoline consumption accelerated for each the biodiesel–diesel blends compared to natural diesel gas; but, at maximum idling circumstance, this increase became almost negligible. Exhaust gasoline temperatures decreased as mixture percentages expanded for each the biodiesel–diesel blends. 20% Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel-diesel blends emitted lowest HC and CO emission.

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The article proposes the concept of an Automated Process Control System (APCS) for the concrete twin-layer paver and block production. APCS designed by SMART Factory concept. APCS includes a set of technological equipment, information, and software for control the objects of the production line of concrete paving block and tile. The system is scalable and includes various local automated control systems for the preparation of concrete mixtures, molding of concrete products, warehouses of inert materials and cement, access control subsystems, and workplaces for management personnel. In accordance with the proposed concept, a complex automated system should provide an optimal level of automation for information collection and processing to form control signals and transfer them without loss and distortion to actuators in order to achieve efficient operation of the technological line for the concrete twin-layer paver and block production.

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The proposed antenna is a transparent water dense dielectric patch antenna which is fed by an L-shaped probe. The operating mechanism of the proposed antenna is similar to the standard metallic patch antenna. A study reveals that the gain of the antenna can be increased if the water patch is brought close to the L-shaped probe but the distance between the water patch and the L-shaped probe should be at least 1 mm. A maximum gain of 7.3 dBi, return loss of 18.4 dB and impedance bandwidth of 575 MHz was achieved. It had symmetrical unidirectional patterns.

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Roseaneath and Murteree shale in Cooper basin, South Australia are proven seal, source as well as shale gas reservoir rock. Source rock characterization as a potential gas requires extensive understanding about the geomechanical properties for optimization of stimulation treatment and in order to avoid well bore instability and sand production during drilling and completion stages. Fifteen samples were selected from Moomba 191 well (depth 8473--8475 ft) drilled in Cooper Basin by DSD, Australia. The Triaxial compression and unconfined compression tests were performed on samples in order to find static geomechanical properties. The wireline logs like sonic and density were used to find dynamic mechanical properties. The calibrations were carried out between static and dynamic parameters in order to get reliable calibrated values. The 1-D Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) was developed based on elastic parameters (Young’s modulus, Poison’s ratio), failure parameters (Cohesion, internal friction angle, compressive strength and tensile strength), in-situ stresses, pore pressure and mud weight. The calibrated Young’s modulus and Poison’s ratio were ranging from 15 GPa to 30 GPa and 0.20 to 0.3 respectively. Brittleness analysis (BI) (ranges from 0.2-0.78) exhibited brittle and ductile layers within the whole shale interval. The Brittle index (BI), Young’s modulus and poison’s ratio on brittle layers were range from 0.4 to 0.78, greater than 25 GPa and <0.3 respectively for brittle layers. Based on failure parameters, insitue stresses and mud weight three possible locations for wellbore breakouts, fractures, has been identified where special considerations are needed to select the mud weight in order to avoid the problems i.e. sand production, wellbore instability. The strongest depths for minimum wellbore stability have been identified that have also high BI (0.6 to 0.69) and can be potential target for stimulation. Based on results, it has been concluded that this Roseneath shale interval of Moomba 191 well have many critical zones based on limits of upper and lower safe mud weight window where extra care need to be taken. The normal stress regime exhibited that fractures orientation will be perpendicular to minimum horizontal stresses.

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