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ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences September 2019 | Vol. 14 No. 17 |
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Title: |
Aggregate index: A measure for calibrating
shear strength models for direct application to self-consolidating
concrete beams |
Author (s): |
Jack Banahene Osei, Mark Adom-Asamoah and
Armstrong Aboah |
Abstract: |
Existing code provisions for shear strength prediction of
self-compacting concrete (SCC) beams have often fallen short of its
degree of predictability in relation to experimental responses. The
research study seeks to develop a model that better predicts the shear
capacity of self-compacted concrete beams without shear reinforcement.
In addition, the critical parameters that influence the shear strength
of an SCC beam were also investigated by using varying regression
techniques (Linear, Stepwise, Lasso, Ridge and Elastic Net regressions).
A pooled database having a total of 179 SCC beams without shear
reinforcement was compiled for the analysis. The Lasso regression was
the most effective from statistical analysis having the least relative
and mean squared errors. In comparison with existing codes: ACI 318-08,
AASHTOLRFD Bridge Design Specification-2007, Eurocode 2 and BS8110, the
Lasso model performed better with least mean percentage error (12.23%),
least average safety factor (1.1012) and the least coefficient of
variation (0.159). The Lasso model also showed that compressive
strength, height, breadth, depth of beam, shear span to depth ratio,
longitudinal reinforcement ratio, maximum aggregate size and fine to
coarse aggregate ratio were all relevant parameters in shear strength
prediction of SCC beams without stirrups. |
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Title: |
Performance enhancement of solar flat
plate collector with aluminium foil reflectors and trapezoidal glass
cover |
Author (s): |
Ath Singhal, Anand Bhatt and Tejas Raval |
Abstract: |
Solar
energy is believed to be future source of energy for preventing
environmental degradation. Solar collectors are the most important
components in a solar thermal heating system. Flat plate collectors are
simple in design and construction, quite economical and popular compared
to other type of solar collectors. In the present paper, a solar flat
plate collector is modified by (i) replacing flat glass cover by
trapezoidal glass cover and (ii) placing aluminium foil reflectors on
both sides with trapezoidal cover. Experimental analysis has shown
significant increment in efficiency as high as 12% for trapezoidal glass
cover. Moreover, trapezoidal cover with aluminium foil reflectors have
delivered the efficiency increment up to 29% compared to flat cover
collector. The maximum outlet and inlet water temperature difference is
as high as 14.3 0C compared to 11.4 0C in case of flat cover collector.
The maximum top loss co-efficient is reduced by a factor 2.43 times in
case of trapezoidal glass cover. Other parameters have also shown
significant improvement in the performance of collector. |
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Title: |
Empirical study of Hyper-Heuristic on
severely limited noisy optimization function |
Author (s): |
Jia Hui Ong and Jason Teo |
Abstract: |
Hyper-heuristics solve optimization problems by utilizing a collection
of Low-level Heuristic (LLH) to search for optimal solution. The main
aim of Hyper-Heuristics is to be a generalize algorithms that can be use
in any problem domain. Numerous studies which implement Hyper-Heuristics
as the search algorithm mostly focus in discrete optimization. Not much
work was done using Hyper-Heuristics in continuous problem domain,
especially in expensive real-world problems. Expensive real-world
optimization problems refer to optimizations that only permit a short
number of evaluations due to the high expenses in resources. Research in
expensive optimization problems often focus on tailoring an algorithm to
perform well in a specific problem instances. Once the problem instants
changes, the algorithm need to be tweak and tailored again to perform at
an optimum level, hence more time, budget and expertise needed in order
to do so. The main aim of using Hyper-Heuristics is to be able to apply
a general yet efficient optimization algorithm to all expensive problem
instances with very minor or minimal tweaks. This paper focuses on using
Hyper-Heuristics in severely limited evaluation noisy optimizations
problems that mimic the real-world expensive optimization problems.
Hyper-Heuristics are introduced and compared against few algorithms that
are often used in optimization problems, it posted a good average
ranking when it is compared against Differential Algorithm (DE), Genetic
Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Covariance Matrix
Adaptation (CMA) and Mean Variance Mapping Optimization (MVMO) in eight
different noisy optimization problems. |
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Title: |
Case study on sustainable T-junction
Cibinong City Mall (CCM) in Bogor indonesia |
Author (s): |
Syaiful Syaiful and Dony Hariyadi |
Abstract: |
The
problem of transportation in Indonesia is congestion. Bogor District
precisely Cibinong District is the center of government where there is
the office the Regent Bogor. Intersection Cibinong City Mall began
packed by motor vehicles, especially urban transport and private vehicle
transportation. Also supported by the irregular rickshaw and ojeg
parking base on the street, as well as for the transportation that began
to bloom now is an online vehicle transport. The latter cause the
traffic jams of users of public facilities causing congestion. Cibinong
T-junction can be illustrated as follows: from the direction of
Cimanggis which is the 2nd North Bogor Highway, while from Bogor City,
1st section of South Road and the direction the Regency Tegar Beriman in
the West. Based on the above study, the purpose of the study was to
assess the performance and capacity of the intersections using the
regulation of the signal periodically. |
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Title: |
Energy transfer from airborne high
altitude wind turbines: Part II, Performance evaluation of a
autogiro-generator |
Author (s): |
Luca Piancastelli and Stefano Cassani |
Abstract: |
High
altitude, airborne, wind-energy extraction-systems have the advantage of
larger wind stability and higher power production. The efficiency of
these systems is optimal because the nominal speed can be searched by
varying altitude. Several airborne generators can be grouped in
restricted airspace regions near consumer sites. This second part of the
paper deals with the design of the simplest and cheapest autogiro for
power generation. A single rotor autogiro with a minimal airframe was
conceptually designed for this purpose. The power generated is 800 kW at
13,600ft (4.15 km) as in the first part of this paper. The rotor of a
known helicopter, the CH-53E Super stallion, was used for the design.
General-purpose equations for helicopters were adapted to evaluate the
weight of the system. As in the first part of this paper, the airborne
system is tethered to bring the power to the national electric grid. The
altitude of 13,600ft (4.15 km) is statistically the best compromise
between power available and tether length. On autogiro-generator
deployment, the reversible electric generator works as a motor and the
autogiro becomes a helicopter. This helicopter hold the tether and
climbs up the required altitude. In this phase, the tether supplies the
power from the national grid. Once the helicopter reaches an altitude
slightly higher than the desired one, the power is turned off and the
helicopter begins the autorotation. The electric motor becomes a
generator. The autogiro begins to work with the rotor inclined. The
control system inclines the autogiro to the required angle of attack
into the incoming wind. In this configuration, the rotor produces
electric power and provides the necessary lift to the airborne
generator. In this configuration, the generator outputs 0.8 MW with a
wind velocity of 54 knots (100 km/h). Unfortunately, the cost per kWh is
one order of magnitude higher than the carbon produced one. This
solution is more convenient than the one of the previous paper in which
the cost was an order of magnitude higher. Still, it is not competitive
with traditional energy production. |
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Title: |
Study on strength of metakaolin based
foamed concrete under different elevated temperature |
Author (s): |
N. Deepak, H. Thiagu and S. Manivel |
Abstract: |
Concrete is one of the widely used constructional material as it has
high structural strength and stability. We do have a problem with cement
production. Cement production will release a large amount of carbon-di-oxide
which is the major cause of global warming and this will affect the
atmosphere heavily. To avoid these problems and to make things
efficient, we can go with lightweight concrete which is the expectation
of the construction industry. While looking for environmental
protection, the main suggestion for construction field is lightweight
foamed concrete because it stands as the best thermal insulation
material of external walls. When it comes to thermal insulation, another
excellent heat resisting material which is used to improve the thermal
insulation is Metakaolin and it is one of the effective Pozzolonic
materials. In this experiment cement, fly ash, metakaolin, and
protein-based foaming agent is used. Where cement is replaced with
metakaolin by 5%, 10%, 15%. The specimens were exposed under the heat at
400°C, 500°C, 600°C for 3 hours. Test reports were taken for the
compressive strength test (with temperature and without temperature) for
the interval of 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. Specimens with different
compositions were tested under normal temperature and above-mentioned
temperatures for analyzing compressive strength on different time
intervals. Compressive strength was taken under normal temperature and
at elevated temperature; the results were compared to find the
difference in strength. It is found that use of 10% of metakaolin gives
high compressive strength and increasing in strength, after heating the
specimen. |
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Title: |
Nuclear power history calculation using
the Boolean rule |
Author (s): |
Daniel Suescun-Diaz, Miguel Angel
Tovar-Atehortua and D. Pena Lara |
Abstract: |
This
paper presents a new method for the calculation of reactivity through
the nuclear power history term in the inverse equation of point
kinetics. In this method, the reactivity can be written using Boole´s
composite rule, which gives rise to four convolution sum terms between
the nuclear power and the impulse response, with special characteristics
typical of linear systems. Each convolution sum represents a filter of
finite response, FIR. From the cases studied, our results provide better
approximations when compared to existing methods in the literature. |
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Title: |
Design and analysis of Defected Ground
Structure based circular patch Ultra Wide Band antenna for high
frequency applications |
Author (s): |
Lalitha Bhavani Konkyana and Alapati
Sudhakar |
Abstract: |
In
this paper, the development of a compact circular microstrip patch based
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antenna with the inclusion of a regular Defected
Ground Structure has been presented. Firstly, a primary UWB circular
patch antenna with resonant frequency of 7.5 GHz is designed with FR4
substrate. DGS has been incorporated to this antenna in multiple levels
by varying the shape of DGS. It is observed that the primary antenna
with final modified ground plane shows a better performance with
reference to operating frequency range. The proposed antenna is designed
to operate from 3.1 to 20 GHz frequencies. The proposed circular patch
antenna shows enhanced bandwidth, when compared to the basic circular
patch antenna with rectangular DGS. The antenna uses low cost laminate
of FR4 with thickness of 1.6 mm and dielectric constant of 4.4. The
simulations are carried out using 3D EM Simulator. The details of
proposed circular patch antenna with partial ground plane design and
measured results are presented and discussed. The simulated results are
in good agreement with the fabricated UWB antenna. |
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Title: |
Multi-Span Bridge work based on line of
balance and Critical Path methods integration in Light Rapid Train |
Author (s): |
Albert Eddy Husin and Ikhsan Siregar |
Abstract: |
The
growth rate of vehicles in Indonesia today, especially in Jakarta, is
very high, this can be seen from the high value of The Congestion Level
in Jakarta recorded in the figure of 58% coupled with the poor mode of
public transportation to solve transportation problems by building Light
Rapid Train whit system Multi-Span Bridge, the development of this
project turned out to have other problems, this was due to the narrow
extent of the land owned by the government in Jakarta, which
necessitated the construction of this light rail line adjacent to the
arterial and toll road lines in the city. The author used the Line of
Balance integration method with Critical Path, and the author used SPSS
edition 25 to analyze the key success factor to the optimization of time
performance then validate with the LOB Method for the liner scheduling
process to obtain optimum results from the work duration and summarize
the Buffer time while CPM is to get a critical trajectory, The results
of this study obtained the most success factors and obtained the
optimization of the duration of the project faster by 16.77 % of the
initial schedule. |
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Title: |
Effect of composite beam column embedded
connection under static and cyclic loading |
Author (s): |
Laxmi Narayanan B. and K. S.
Satyanarayanan |
Abstract: |
Investigation on the effect of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular (CFST)
column to Girder beam embedded connection under static and cyclic
loading conditions. Analytical non-linear 3D element model for exterior
and interior connection were modelled and investigated. Connections
consisted of rectangular concrete filled tube, girder steel beam and
high yield strength deformed bars. Beam is connected to the tube wall of
CFST Column by means of weld along with four deformed bars connected to
the flanges of girder section acting as a stiffener. Under loading
conditions, the forces acting on the flange are effectively transferred
to the CFST by means of deformed bars which is welded on both side of
flanges of girder beam. Parameters that aids in effective force transfer
mechanism are strength ratio of beam and column, CFSTs thickness,
diameter and bar embedded length into the column. Rebar stiffener is
found to be effective in transferring forces into the concrete core
thereby exhibits inelastic characteristic strength properties. The
plastic hinge formation is to be restricted to beam rather in connection
or all the bars thereby avoiding distortion of tube wall. Three
dimensional modelling and analysis is done using finite element software
considering non linearity for material and geometry of elements used.
Detailed results on hysteresis behaviour, load deformation, energy
dissipating capacity, stiffness degradation and are discussed. It was
found that embedded connections system were easy to fabricate and
effective in terms of seismic performance of the structural system and
better stiffness characteristics rather than any other simple
connection. |
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Title: |
Role of CO2 injection on enhance Methane
Recovery - A case study from Turkish Coal Seam, Amasra Coal Field Turkey |
Author (s): |
Maqsood Ahmad and Nur Ain Binti Zaki |
Abstract: |
The
study of Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery (ECBM) has become the
interest of many researchers in many tertiary research institute.
Various recovery techniques have been identified and implemented to
increase the production of methane from coal bed reservoirs. One of the
method is CO2 injection into coal seams where it helps to maximize the
displacement of the adsorbed methane from the surface of coal matrix and
enhance the methane recovery. A numerical model from Turkish Coal Seam
Bed from Amasra Coal Field, Turkey was developed using CMG-GEM software
by Computer Modelling Group to simulate the primary methane production
and enhance recovery using CO2 injection. The key petrophysical
reservoir parameters to drive the CO2 injection in coal bed methane
reservoir are cleat permeability, cleat porosity, methane adsorption
time, methane Langmuir isotherm and CO2 Langmuir isotherm. Palmer and
Mansoori parameters (porosity, compressibility and coal seam pressure)
were also applied to model the compaction and dilation process as well.
3 cases were constructed to evaluate the impact of CO2 injection on
methane recovery. Case 1 act as the base case where there is no CO2
injection and is used in the first model while Case 2 includes the CO2
injection in the coal beds. On the other hand, Case 3 was constructed to
analyse the impact of different injection timing to investigate the
final methane recovery. Other than that, the effect of varying
parameters such as cleat porosity, cleat permeability and coal density
were also assessed. The results show that the amount of methane
recovered in the primary production is 28.2 Bscf while 45.4 Bscf of
methane gas was recovered by CO2 injection in Case 2. Therefore, it is
found that the total recovery of methane from coal seams during enhanced
production is more than that of primary recovery during the preliminary
simulation model. |
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Title: |
Experimental study of load balancing on
software defined network using ant-colony optimization |
Author (s): |
Faizal Mulya, Tito Waluyo Purboyo and
Roswan Latuconsina |
Abstract: |
The
development of technology on internet networks is rapidly continues to
grow. This development also had an impact on the server because the
server had difficulty in distributing request. To meet internet needs,
the technique that can be used is load balancing. Load balancing is a
technique to use two or more internet connection lines and balance the
request between the two internet connection lines. In this research, the
main problem to be discussed is a load balancing simulation using ant
colony optimization mechanism. Our experiment show that throughput value
by using the ant colony optimization algorithm has a greater throughput
value than the round-robin algorithm. Also, we found that ant colony
optimization algorithm is more balanced because it has a difference CPU
utilization lower than Round-Robin. |
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Title: |
Synthesis of cellulose acetate nanofiber (CANF)
from bacterial cellulose (BC) incubated from cannery seafood wastewater
(CSW) using Acetobacter xylinum |
Author (s): |
Sunun Khami, Wipawee Khamwichit and Kowit
Suwannahong |
Abstract: |
There
are increasing demands to substitute plastic produced from the
petrochemical industry with bacterial cellulose which were produced from
microorganisms as Acetobactor xylinum strain, a gram negative bacterium.
A.xylinum metabolizes carbon source in cannery seafood wastewater (CSW)
and converts it into bacterial cellulose (BC) which has unique
properties including high purity, crystallinity and mechanical strength.
These properties are induced by the main components of BC with are
cellulose and hemicellulose. The aim of this study was to produce
bacterial cellulose from CSW collected from factories in the southern
areas of Thailand. The CSW was used as a carbon source for the growth of
bacteria. The best conditions for cultivation to obtain the maximum
yield (1.14 g) and COD treatment (71.2 %) were carbon source (COD ratio)
11, 971 mg/L, 5 ml of A.xylinum added, cultivation temperature and time
of 40 oC and 21 days. BC synthesized from CSW was then undergone though
semi-acetylation process to produce cellulose acetate nanofiber (CANF).
CANF exhibits desirable mechanical properties, including high tensile
strength (90.71 MPa), and young modulus (439.36 MPa) due to its uniform
and ultrafine fibrous network structure. It can be sterilized without
any changes to its structure and properties. The morphology properties
of SEM images of CANF synthesized in the study was approximately 30-100
nm. The physical properties of CANF were studied with ATR-FTIR
spectroscopy which shown adsorption spectrum at 3343 cm-1, 2898 cm-1,
1458 cm-1, 1427 cm-1, 1158 cm-1 and 1028 cm-1 which correspond to O-H
stretching, C-H stretching, C-H bending, CH2 bending, C-O-C stretching
and C-O stretching, respectively. Thermal analysis showed a DTG peak at
430°C, which falls in the range of cellulose degradation peaks
(380°C-460°C). The peak confirms that cellulose was the major component
of CANF. Thus, the main component of CANF were cellulose and
hemicellulose. The synthesized CANF can be used as membrane media and
also has its chemical properties like petroleum polymer. Results
suggested that the similar property can be observed when compared with
petroleum plastic, however with the exception of methyl group (CH3).
Methyl group which can be found in plastic synthesized from
petrochemical is responsible for the strength of plastic. Thus, CANF,
synthesized in this study, is not as strong as petrochemical plastic.
But it can be used to produce bio-plastics because of the -CH and -CH2
functional group attached. With the similar physical and chemical
properties to those of petrochemical plastic, CANF can be used as
biopolymer. |
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Title: |
A survey of Software Requirements
Specification ambiguity |
Author (s): |
Ashok Kumar Gupta, Aziz Deraman and Shams
Tabrez Siddiqui |
Abstract: |
The
quality of Software Requirements Specification (SRS) is critical. A good
quality SRS must be clear, correct, consistent, unambiguous, modifiable,
verifiable and traceable. Ambiguity is difficult to tackle; therefore,
requirements elicitation technique should be effective. Published
material related to SRS issues discusses ambiguity as the most conversed
problem. In this survey, our focus is on one of the major quality issues
i.e. ambiguity. There are many solutions to resolve SRS ambiguity but,
there is no prescribed classification of these solutions exists. The
survey to provide a summary of the huge research contributions in the
form of developments and new techniques, models, and methodologies that
have been recommended to control the SRS ambiguity and magnify the
benefits of addressing SRS ambiguity in development projects. To
organize this enormous work by researchers, we try to provide the main
concepts and associations that together represent the field of SRS
ambiguity. The study is important for further assessments of possible
solutions to SRS ambiguity for the improvement of SRS that helps
researchers and experts to compare these techniques for better results. |
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Title: |
Time performance upgrade by critical chain
project management and BIM 4D integration on top structural work of a
high |
Author (s): |
Albert Eddy Husin |
Abstract: |
Upper
structure work has a contribution of 21% of the total weight of the
project work of a high-rise building construction project. Nearly 70% of
high-rise building projects experience delays. Therefore, to overcome
this, the application of Critical Chain Project Management and Building
Information Modeling (BIM) 4D is the choice of researchers in this
study. Critical chain project management improves the construction
project scheduling by aggregating uncertainty into buffers at the end of
activity paths. BIM 4D simulations are more effective than traditional
planning in terms of visualization and scheduling control. The purpose
of this study is to improve time performance and effective visualization
of the construction schedule. The results of the case study obtained
time efficiency of 19% so that the project completion time was faster
from the original schedule. |
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Title: |
Second law analysis of magnetized
micropolar fluid on horizontal inner rotating cylinder with chemical
reaction and cross diffusions effects |
Author (s): |
G. Nagaraju, Anjanna Matta and S. Shilpa |
Abstract: |
This
Research paper discusses the second analysis of Magnatohydrodynamics (MHD),
a dissipative micropolar fluid by the annulus of horizontal internal
rotating cylinders in the presence of chemical reactions and cross
diffusions. The fluid movement is produced at a steady angular velocity
from the inner rotation of the cylinder. The flow of heat and mass
transfer equations are solved by RK4 shooting technique. The impact of
different geometric parameters on azimuthal velocity, micro-rotation,
temperature, concentration, Bejan and entropy generation numbers are
shown through graphs. The results show that the entropy generation
number decelerates with an increase in the temperature difference near
the inner pipe, while it increases as the concentration difference
parameter increases. The Brinkmann number increases the profiles of the
temperature and reduces the concentration. |
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Title: |
Performance analysis of interior and
exterior routing protocols |
Author (s): |
Jayaprabhath M. V. G., Sridhar Kartheek
M., Ravikumar C. V. and Kalapraveen Bagadi |
Abstract: |
Dynamic routing protocols play an important role in enterprise networks.
For example, if there are two universities and they use different
protocols. Then, to establish a connection or communication between them
we need to use exterior gateway protocols. If we use redistribution
technique, the safety is very less and all the routes get redistributed.
So in this paper we are implementing border gateway protocol (both IBGP
and EBGP) between the interior gateway protocols. There are several
different protocols available, with each having its own advantages and
limitations. Protocols can be described and compared on the basis of
where they operate and how they operate. Routing protocols play an
important role in the field of networks today. There are two types of
dynamic routing protocols. Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) and
Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs). IGPs such as RIP (Routing Information
Protocol) and OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) are used for routing
within an Autonomous system (AS) whereas EGP is used to exchange the
routing information between the autonomous systems. In this paper we
have implemented and connected different protocols using BGP (IBGP and
EBGP) without using redistribution technique by using GNS3 Software. |
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Title: |
A review of edge image detection for
marker-based Augmented Reality |
Author (s): |
Samuel P. A. H. Pandiangan, Tito Waluyo
Purboyo and Randy Erfa Saputra |
Abstract: |
The
earlier way to do an image detecting is to use edge image detection.
Edge image detection is using some kind of mathematical expression to
detect the boundaries between objects between images in real world, with
media like camera phone. Many aspects have used edge image detection,
one of them is Augmented Reality, especially marker-based Augmented
Reality. Augmented Reality used edge image detection for reading and
detecting the marker in real world and transfer the data to the database
in application. This paper will review how the edge detection works and
how it works in Augmented Reality. |
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Title: |
Rainfall and meteorological drought
simulation using Exponential Smoothing and Winexpo Models: A Study on
Purulia District, West Bengal, India |
Author (s): |
Shrinwantu Raha and Shasanka Kumar Gayen |
Abstract: |
Drought monitoring and prediction of a particular region is primarily
meteorological. By far the main challenge to predict and analyze
meteorological drought is a) Choice of appropriate method to interpret
the drought events b) To identify the nature of meteorological drought
c) to establish a perfect dimension to predict drought effectively. The
primary objective of this study is to simulate rainfall and
meteorological drought (SPI is taken as the indicator as it is one of
the most accepted indicators of meteorological drought) up to 2035-36 by
using the traditional exponential and Holt-Winter exponential smoothing
after analyzing the trends of rainfall and SPI12 of Purulia District,
West Bengal. Based on exponential smoothing and Winexpo model it becomes
quite evitable that the drought severity will increase in the near
future. Based on the performance evaluation Winexpo outperforms the
other two models as it obtains minized RMSE, MSE, MAE and MPE. The study
demonstrates a unique mwthodology which might be very useful in
understanding the drought-proneness of the region. |
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Title: |
Parametric identification of the process
of contact membrane distillation |
Author (s): |
Aleksandr A. Zhulynskyi, Lesya R. Ladieva
and Bogdan Y. Korniyenko |
Abstract: |
The
mathematical model of the contact membrane distillation process has such
an unknown parameter as the membrane permeability coefficient. The
coefficient of permeability of the membrane takes into account not only
the transfer of heat with the vapor through the pores of the membrane,
but also through the polymer structure. In order to determine the
coefficient of permeability, which is represented by variables along the
length of the channel and in time, methods of the theory of optimal
control were applied. An algorithm for identifying variable length and
time permeability coefficient is developed. The application of the
initial approximation ensures the convergence of the algorithm in the
fourth iteration of the gradient procedure. The refined mathematical
model of the contact membrane distillation process can be used in
control tasks. |
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