One of the household-scale composting methods currently being developed is Biopore Infiltration Hole (BIH) Composting. This composting is built by making cylindrical holes in the soil with a 10 cm diameter and 100 cm depth, then adding organic waste to feed soil organisms to form biopores. The study aims to analyze BIH composting's performance in terms of soil texture and water infiltration rate. Composting consisted of four variations, namely clay texture with a water infiltration rate of 1.8 cm/hour, loamy clay texture with a water infiltration rate of 2.3 cm/hour, sandy clay loam texture with a water infiltration rate of 6.7 cm/hour, and sandy clay soil texture with the water infiltration rate of 13.4 cm/hour. Compost raw materials consist of 50% food waste and 50% chopped yard waste. Composting performance analysis was based on a maturity test and compost's quality and quantity test. The results showed that all compost variations had met the standards of maturity and quality of compost, with composting time ranging from 47 to 58 days and the percentage of the quantity of solid compost produced ranging from 62.1 to 72.1% of the weight of the compost raw material. From the results of the correlation test, there is a strong relationship between water infiltration rate and time of composting. The higher the rate of groundwater infiltration, the faster the compost maturity time. Composting variation with sandy clay soil texture and water infiltration rate of 13.4 cm/hour is the most optimal variation in terms of maturity, quality, and quantity of compost produced. Soil texture containing a sand and a high-speed water infiltration rate can accelerate compost maturity, especially during the rainy season. Rainwater is absorbed into the soil faster so that the moisture in the BIH can be maintained for the activity of microorganisms to decompose organic waste.

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The use and circulation of digital images has spread recently, and the digital image can be personal or confidential, which requires preventing intruders from understanding it and therefore it must be protected. Steganography is one of the popular techniques used to protect secret images. In this paper research a simple method of data steganography will be presented, tested and implemented. The obtained results will be compared with LSB method to show how the proposed method will increase the efficiency and the capacity of data steganography keeping good value for the quality parameters MSE and PSNR.

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The utilization of coconut as one of the plantation crops is a very promising export commodity. Almost all parts of the coconut plant can be used optimally, whether it is made of copra, food, crafts, and others. It's just that in the process of utilizing coconut skin, the coconut shell which is in the form of flakes or fragments is sometimes used as useless garbage. Therefore, coconut shell flakes will be used as an alternative fuel in the form of coconut shell charcoal briquettes. In the previous research process as an alternative fuel is sometimes less effective because it depends on variations in materials or additives. This study aims to obtain the maximum thermal efficiency with several variations of immersion. The research method is an experimental method by utilizing coconut shell as an alternative fuel on the stove with variations in soaking time. The results showed that the variation of immersion 20 minutes was superior in terms of length of ignition time, the mass of burned briquettes, ability to boil water, and thermal efficiency, respectively, 196 minutes, 0.38 kg, 12 kg, and 52.12% were obtained.

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The failure of a jet pump may produces a leakage in the slip joint or a rupture in the riser pipe. The failure occurs when the jet pumps are out of the range of their natural frequency. The aim of this work is study the reactor safety operation under the failure of a jet pump through the transient analysis. This work presents four scenarios that correspond to the severity of the jet-pump failure. The behavior of essential variables such as: power reactor, reactor water level, water mass flow rate in the core and recirculation, among others, are analyzed. The results show that the reactor self-controls without the need of the operator intervention in less than 20 seconds. When the failure is 100%, the power reactor decreases about 20% in approximately one and a half seconds and stabilizes at 94% of the nominal power. The mass flow in the core is stabilized above 96%. The total core flow is the most significant parameter in case the jet pumps failure for long period.

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Underwater Wireless Sensor correspondence is a notable technique for rapid information transmission with a high constancy proportion. One of the empowering advancements for the improvement of simple transmission is remote transmission over the sea. Acoustic Modems are utilized to direct the framework. Due of the prerequisite for gigantic, costly, and particular observing hardware in this strategy, it requires a singular sea. Sensors coupled to AUVs, low-power lightweight planes, or unpowered vagabonds could make this UWSN versatile. This portability is significant for amplifying sensor inclusion with modest equipment, however it confuses confinement and organization support. We proposed a strategy for amplifying unwavering quality and further developing correspondence. It's used to observe the hub's accurate area utilizing different ways. To dispose of errors, different procedures are used, like computing the distance to the ideal area. Low data transfer capacity, high inactivity, restricted energy, high mistake likelihood, and hub float versatility are a portion of its qualities. A few conventions that have been made in the organizations can be utilized to fulfill these elements. Every convention is planned in view of explicit points, like bringing down energy utilization, further developing correspondence dormancy, accomplishing power and versatility, etc. This paper examines the conventions and algorithmic portrayals of momentum UWSN research.

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The development of the nickel mining industry in Morowali Regency has brought progress to the economy of the region, but the phenomenon is that there are frequent accidents and occupational diseases. So the purpose of this study is to determine the main factors causing work accidents and how to control and minimize work accidents in nickel mining in Morowali. The type of research is descriptive research, the population in this study are all 50 employees actively working in nickel companies. The research used purposive sampling technique. Collecting data using the technique of distributing questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis with factor analysis method. Based on the results of the study, it was found that ten factors were the basic causes of work accidents in the nickel mining activities of PT. XX in Morowali, the ten factors are: low knowledge and physical weakness of workers, dangerous equipment, lack of worker competence, not implementing occupational health and safety management system procedures, lack of experience, carelessness of workers, unsafe work methods, working too fast, lack of maintenance occupational health and safety equipment and unforeseen circumstances, and dispose of hazardous objects carelessly. The most influential factor is the low level of knowledge and the physical weakness of workers. How to control and minimize the risk of work accidents in nickel mining activities in Morowali, namely (a) Eliminate the risk of work accidents by not using equipment that is not suitable for use. (b) The company strives to improve the ability of workers, especially in mastering various equipment with more modern specifications. (c) Take efforts to prevent work accidents through controlling hazards in the workplace such as monitoring and controlling unsafe conditions, as well as unsafe actions in the workplace. (d) Encouraging consistency of workers to use safety equipment, especially personal protective equipment. (e) The company participates in helping to improve the competence of employees or mining workers with various activities. (f) The company provides vacation time to employees, which is accompanied by bonuses. (g) Preventing work accidents through management systems such as administrative control, namely by conducting periodic safety inspections of equipment, conducting safety induction, ensuring that forklift operators have the required licenses, providing work instructions, placing workers according to their expertise. Make rules for occupational health and safety in the workplace (SOP and JSA); provide facilities and infrastructure for occupational health and safety and their supports in the workplace. (h) Using personal protective equipment, this equipment serves to protect or protect all or part of the worker's body from potential hazards in the workplace, personal protective equipment in the form of safety clothes, safety shoes, protective glasses, earplugs (ear protection), and safety gloves.

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This paper describes the design and implementation of a fuzzy autopilot for a scale ship model using an Interpretable Inverse Fuzzy Controller. Initially, first and second order Nomoto models, neural network and a fuzzy mathematical maneuvering model are obtained of an unmanned surface vehicle from experimental input and output data gathered from the turning circle manoeuvre and zig-zag tests. Then, an adaptive fuzzy controller is generated from the inverse fuzzy maneuvering model and results of the implementation of the adaptive ship autopilot are showed.

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Colombia is a country with a great projection in its energy development. It would be important to identify the relationship between economic and social growth and energy development with different potential countries of the world such as the United States, Canada, Russia, and with other countries such as Brazil, which in South America make a difference, thus generating a prospective vision in order to improve the socio-economic-energy condition of Colombia. In this work a series of countries are analyzed by their energy characteristics which are: Colombia, Venezuela, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, United States, Canada, Russia, Iraq, Iran and China; in order to carry out an analysis between the economic, energy and social relationship; For this, the variables to be analyzed are defined, they are specified by their economic importance (GDP, GDP per capita and inflation), social (human development index-HDI) and energy (oil, gas and electricity production); The data is collected and standardized to proceed with the simulation of the Chernoff graphs, Stars and the relationship matrix between the different analysis variables, which allows an analysis of the current state of growth economic, social and energy development and its possible projections. According to the graph, it is concluded that Colombia is like Mexico and China if the population variable is also added to the latter. The face of the simulation with the greatest representation of the variables is that of the United States, which has greater homogeneity in its variables, being the one with the greatest development. According to the Chernoff graphs, which represent each country and each of the variables to be studied represents a physiological characteristic of the face, it is possible to identify the similarities between the countries in relation to these variables. Giving rise to the analysis of the socio-economic situation and energy production of the countries that are similar.

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