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ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences
October 2016 | Vol. 11 No. 20 |
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Title: |
Analysis improvements of Acoustic Emission
data in evaluation of concrete beam |
Author (s): |
Shahiron Shahidan, N. Muhamad Bunnori, N.
Md. Nor, M. Abd Rahim, S. R. Abdullah and S. S. Mohd. Zuki |
Abstract: |
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is known as an assessment on damage
detection in structural engineering. Nowadays, the application of SHM
has been widely used especially on the continuous real time monitoring
system with minimum labor involvement. One of the most excellent tools
in SHM for real time monitoring system is an Acoustic Emission (AE). AE
waves are high frequency stress wave generated by rapid release of
energy from localized sources within a material, such as crack
initiation and growth. High sensitivity to crack growth, the ability to
locate source, passive nature and the possibility to perform real time
monitoring are some of the attractive features of AE technique. In spite
of these advantages, challenges still exist in using AE technique for
monitoring applications especially in analysing recorded AE data as
large volume of data are usually generated during monitoring. In this
research works, AE parameter, which are Signal Strength and Absolute
Energy were selected to be used in determination of damage
quantifications by means of Felicity and Calm. Laboratory experimental
work was performed on a beam size 150x250x1900mm with concrete gred40.
The beams were tested under cyclic loading with four points bending. In
conclusion, AE data parameters analyses were prove to be reliable in
determining the damage classification in concrete structure in
accordance with the real observations during increased loading cycle. |
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Title: |
Synthesis and characterization of
polymeric microspheres by using suspension polymerization technique |
Author (s): |
Hiung Yin Yap, Chin Fhong Soon, Nik
Hisyamudin Muhd. Nor, Muhammad Sharil Saripan, Mohd. Zainizan Sahdan and
Kian Sek Tee |
Abstract: |
Poly-dimethylsiloxane
(PDMS) is commonly used to fabricate microfluidic devices, micro-lens
and biosensors. The biocompatibility of PDMS allows it to be applied in
biomedical field. In this paper, suspension polymerization technique was
employed to fabricate microspheres of PDMS. Solution of PDMS was
prepared by adding curing agent into the base elastomer. The un-cured
PDMS was heated at 40 0C and stirred from 500 to 800 rpm in order to
polymerize the polymer at various stirring speed in the presence of a
surfactant which consists of distilled water and poly-vinyl alcohol. The
result showed that the size of the PDMS microspheres was highly variable
and slightly influenced by the speed of stirring. These elastomeric
microspheres can be stained by dissolving red food dye in Toluene. The
microspheres produced may be applicable to biosensing that do not
require standardization of microsphere size. |
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Title: |
The effect locus of control on driving
behavior among Malaysian young drivers |
Author (s): |
Kamarudin Ambak, Basil David Daniel
Zaharah Mamat, Joewono Prasetijo and Munzilah Rohani |
Abstract: |
In
Malaysia, road accidents are major concern that needs to be resolved by
the related authorities. The human is the most significant factor in
road accidents especially among young driver. This study was conducted
to investigate the characteristics, effectiveness and relationship
between locus of control and human factors. Self-administered
questionnaires were distributed to 247 young drivers in Batu Pahat,
Kluang and Johor Bharu. Results show that more than 60% of the
respondents ages are between 24 and 29 years old. From correlation
analyses, it was found that there were moderately positive relationships
between internality and dissociation while external showed moderately
positive relationship between careful and distress reduction. A multiple
regression analysis demonstrated that internality had a strong
relationship with dissociation and anxiety. Also, the externality is
statistically significant with speeding and patience. In addition, the
externality and internality showed a significant relationship to driver
behavior. Therefore, it can be concluded that Locus of Control is
useful model for understanding the human behavior in relation to road
accidents. |
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Title: |
Primary response of pavement variation with construction variables |
Author (s): |
Rosnawati Buhari, Mohamad Yusri Aman, Munzilah Md. Rohani and Saifullizam
Puteh |
Abstract: |
Fatigue and rutting are two major modes of distress of flexible
pavements that are typically characterized by the primary response of
the pavement and so calculations of the pavement s structural responses
should be measured carefully for more accurate predictions of pavement
performance. Response to it, this task aims to predict the primary
response of the forces using Influence Function and Peak Influence
Function Method for several differences top layer pavement thicknesses.
In this tasks, both the aforementioned critical responses were
highlighted, that are horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of bound
layers and the vertical compressive strain on top of the sub-grade
layer, that relates to fatigue and rutting damage respectively. The
vertical load applied to the surface is uniformly over a circular area,
leading to an axial symmetric problem. The pavement structure was
modeled as semi-infinite linear elastic system considering three layers;
an asphalt surface layer, a granular base layer and semi-infinite
sub-grade or soil layer. A multilayer linear elastic approach was used
to calculate the response of the pavement structure under uniform
contact stress. The simulation results were compared to the results from
BISAR application. As a finding, the comparison between computed
critical strains and output from BISAR and a good consensus was reached.
The variation of radial and vertical strains at the bottom of asphaltic
concrete and on top of the sub-grade layer is matched well and conforms
to the capability of the program that was developed. |
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Title: |
The Eulers spreadsheet calculator using Visual
Basic programming for
solving ordinary differential equations |
Author (s): |
Kim Gaik Tay, Sie Long Kek, Tau Han Cheong and Rosmila Abdul-Kahar |
Abstract: |
Motivated by the works of a Richardson s Extrapolation spreadsheet
calculator for differentiation, we have developed the Eulers spreadsheet
calculator using Visual Basic (VBA) programming to solve ordinary
differential equations (ODEs). Users simply need to enter the
independent and dependent variables used, a starting value and ending
value for the independent variable, an initial value for the dependent
variable, the step size, the ODE and exact function for the ODE. Lastly
click the APPLY button which is associated with the VBA programming
written to solve the ODEs by the Euler s method, and finally its full
solution is automatically calculated and displayed. Hopefully, this
Euler s ODEs spreadsheet calculator can help educators to prepare their
marking scheme easily and assist students in checking their answers. |
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Title: |
Sustainable development in higher education institutions (HEIS): Towards
sustainable campus operations (SCO) |
Author (s): |
Ruzaimah Razman, Abd Halid Abdullah and Abdul Zaki Wahid |
Abstract: |
Sustainable development has become an important organizing principle for
human life on this planet. It is related to the quality of life in a
community, whether the economic, social and environmental systems that
makes up the community with providing a healthy, meaningful and
productive life for present and future. Thus, university is one of the
mediums that can be particularly well suited for the realization of
sustainable development. One of the most important themes used to
promote sustainability at higher education institutions (HEIs) is
through their campus infrastructure and operations. While some local
HEIs perform a variety of green programs and initiatives, the actual
campus sustainability practices are not much explored. Thus, this paper
fills the gaps by investigating the actual areas of focus and common
measures taken by some major HEIs around the world towards Sustainable
Campus Operation (SCO). Hopefully, this paper will provide an aspiration
to Malaysia's HEIs particularly to the management parties in making plan
and framework of sustainable campus to meet the United Nation Decade of
Education for Sustainable Development. |
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Title: |
Fuzzy logic approach for line following robot using an array of digital
sensors |
Author (s): |
A. H. Ismail, A. M. Abdul Zaman and K. Terashima |
Abstract: |
When Lofti Zadeh introduced fuzzy logic in the 60s, it became phenomenon
in the academic world. The fuzzy concept that uses reasoning rather than
exact computation has been proven and successfully applied in many
applications. Implementing fuzzy logic generally involves three basic
procedures; (1) fuzzification, or fuzzy inference process that converts
crisp sensors value into fuzzy world, (2) computation, where the fuzzy
value being treated, and (3) defuzzification, where the fuzzy output is
converted back into crisp values mainly for actuators. Fuzzification
revolves within the context of converting sensor's data into fuzzy
world. Using analog sensor for fuzzification has been long discussed by
numerous literatures as the analog sensors has ranges. However,
converting digital sensors into fuzzy world is much challenging than
analog sensors due to logical digital output. In this paper, we explain
our technique in fuzzification of an array of digital sensors with an
application to a line following mobile robot. We also discuss the Pugh
selection matrix in order to choose the most desired mobile robot
design. Then, we apply fuzzy logic control system to the developed
mobile robot. Our present results for the LFR motion control yield in
much faster and efficient tracking comparable to PID and switching
algorithm that uses the same platform. |
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Title: |
A review of microstructure properties of porous concrete pavement
incorporating nano silica |
Author (s): |
Mohd. Ibrahim Mohd. Yusak, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, Mohd. Rosli Hainin and
Mohd. Haziman Wan Ibrahim |
Abstract: |
Microstructure properties are one of important key for the strength of
porous concrete pavement. Active pozzolanic admixtures such as nano
silica become interest in modern concrete technology to obtain high
performance properties. The objective of this paper is to review the
microstructure properties of porous concrete pavement containing nano
silica. Studies have shown that nano silica can be used as cement
replacement or admixture in porous concrete mixture. Lack of study
conducted for the microstructure properties of porous concrete pavement.
The present study has been undertaken to review the microstructure
properties of porous concrete pavement incorporating nano silica. From
the literature review, it can be conclude that the existing of nano
scale pozzolans such as nano silica helps to achieve more dense and
better micro structural packing and more impermeable cement matrix. |
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Title: |
Effect of open-graded coarse aggregate on concrete paving blocks
properties for pavement |
Author (s): |
Nur Hidayah A. H., Hasanan Md. Nor and Ramadhansyah P. J. |
Abstract: |
The potential of using coarse aggregate for open graded in the
production of concrete paving blocks (CPB) were presented in this study.
Three different sizes of coarse aggregate were used through the
investigation: (a) passes 8 mm retains 5 mm, (b) passes 10 mm retains 8
mm and (c) passes 10 mm retains 5 mm as control. Furthermore, a series
of tests were carried out to determine the properties of the blocks,
namely density, porosity, weight loss, compressive strength and skid
resistance test. It was found that the size of coarse aggregate effects
on many aspects, especially in the strength of the blocks. However, at
the same time it also provides sufficient strength or the minimum
required strength (30 MPa) for a rectangular block to be used as part of
paving surface. In addition, the blocks show that it is suitable for use
in vehicle area when the value of the British Pendulum Number of skid
resistance test more than 45 referred to BS 6717; 2001. |
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Title: |
Assessing critical function of knowledge and information literacy skills
in using weblog for learning: A case study of postgraduate students |
Author (s): |
Alias Masek and Nor Fariha Mokhdin |
Abstract: |
Everyone might aware of the typical function of weblogs for personal uses,
but very little amongst us who are aware of weblog function as a
learning medium. Literature suggests that optimal usage of weblog as
learning medium has resulted students with better performance. This
study was a case study conducted to investigate students' readiness on
weblog usage to support course work, amongst postgraduate students in
engineering education. A survey was carried out to identify knowledge
(awareness), information literacy and constraints faced by postgraduate
students on the uses of weblog as a learning medium. Data collection
involved 171 postgraduate students from multiple engineering
backgrounds, undertaking engineering education program in Faculty of
Technical and Vocational Education. The finding indicated that students
are knowledgeable and have high level of information literacy regarding
the use of the weblog as a learning medium. Several constraints were
identified, but did not hinder students to make use of weblog. The
implication is that educators should diversify their teaching and
learning medium and make use the latest technology at any mode and level
of education. By doing so, postgraduate students will have several
options to enhance their learning process, including using weblog for
learning. |
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Title: |
Identification of material surfaces using Grey Level Co-occurrence
Matrix and Elman Neural network |
Author (s): |
Abd Kadir Mahamad, Muhammad Affandi Bin Yusof, Sharifah Saon, Fathin
Liyana Zainudin and Musli Nizam Yahya |
Abstract: |
Material type absorption coefficient is one of the important parameter
that used for acoustic room calculation. Currently, absorption
coefficient is obtained by using impedance tube or resonance tube. Both
techniques need long learning good skills, high cost equipment, and time
consuming to conduct. This paper proposed a system distinguished
absorption coefficient thru the material surface identification from
digital images. The system was built by applying Grey Level
Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) and Elman Neural Network (ENN). Result for
the best mean squared error (MSE) was 4.62e-9 for training phase and
0.5084 for testing phase. Overall, the system is able to identify the
material surfaces and thus directly obtain the absorption coefficient of
the material without using any physical equipment as oppose to the
current techniques. |
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Title: |
Development of the system to predict the absorption coefficient of the
classroom acoustic using modified Zernike moments and Radial Basic
Function (RBF) |
Author (s): |
Mohamad Hafiz Abu Bakar, Fathin Liyana Zainudin, Abd Kadir Mahamad,
Sharifah Saon and Musli Nizam Yahya |
Abstract: |
The development of a system to predict absorption coefficient using
modified Zernike moments and Radial Basic Function (RBF) for classroom
is a system based on the system developed using Matlab simulation. This
project is designed to predict the absorption coefficient of the surface
material and reverberation time in the classroom s for wall concrete,
floors and ceilings. In this project, the modified Zernike moments of
image processing is applied to extract image features. RBF is used to
identify the absorption coefficient of the material. For the
reverberation time, Sabine equation is used to calculate the
reverberation time for model dimension and reverberation time of the
classroom at UTHM. In addition, Matlab Graphical User Interface (GUI)
was developed in order to determine the effectiveness of this system.
The proposed system has been trained with 200 samples of surface
materials from 10 classrooms in UTHM. The system is tested with 30
samples of surface material images, in which the surface has never been
tested using the system created before. The results of predicting the
absorption coefficient can predict almost 90% accurately. To sum up, the
developed system can predict the absorption coefficient and the
reverberation time of classroom at UTHM. |
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Title: |
Rheological properties of nanoclay as new nanotechnology of apshalt
concrete: A review |
Author (s): |
Nurulain C. M., Ramadhansyah P. J. and Norhidayah A. H. |
Abstract: |
This paper aim to review literature of applies nanoclay to asphalt in
order to improve asphalt concrete pavement. Nowadays, nanotechnology is
one of a new creation that has been applied in most area. One of them is
in asphalt concrete pavement where engineer and researcher use nanoclay
for asphalt modification. The fundamental material characterization
testing i.e. penetration, softening point and Dynamic Shear Rheometer
was performed on conventional and modified asphalt. In addition, the
Marshall Stability and ductility were examined. In previous study,
asphalt type 60/70 PEN with the percentage of nanoclay were added were
2%, 4%, 6% and 8% by weight of asphalt. According to previous research
they were proved that nanoclay as modified asphalt increase in softening
point; kinematics viscosity and decrease in binder penetration. The
overall performance of nanoclay as modified asphalt binder is improved
in terms of rutting and fatigue cracking resistance. The best
improvement in the modified asphalt binders were obtained with 6%
nanoclay. |
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Title: |
Treatment of biodiesel wastewater by coagulation-flocculation process
using polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polyelectrolyte anionic |
Author (s): |
Zawawi Daud, Nazlizan Nasir, Ab. Aziz Abdul Latiff, Mohd. Baharudin
Ridzuan and Halizah Awang |
Abstract: |
In this study, coagulation and flocculation process was used to treat a
biodiesel wastewater with polyaluminium chloride as a coagulant. The
improvement of the process by using anionic as coagulant aids was also
investigated. Optimum condition for the coagulation/flocculation
process, such as pH, coagulant dosage and polyelectrolyte dosage of the
solution were investigated using a jar test experiment. The result
showed that in the optimal pH is 6. The percentage removal of 97%, 95%,
75% and 97% for SS, color, COD and O&G respectively, were achieved at
an optimum dosage value; 300 mg/L. While, 89.9%, 91%, 69.4, 81.5%
removal of SS, color, COD, O&G respectively, were achieved with the
addition 10 mg/L anionic to 150 mg/L polyaluminium chloride. It can be
concluded from this study that coagulation/flocculation may be a useful
as a pre- treatment process for biodiesel wastewater. |
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Title: |
Capacity analysis of different geometric design of un signalized
intersections based on occupation time |
Author (s): |
Joewono Prasetijo, Ning Wu, Wan Zahidah Musa, Kamarudin Ambak, Munzilah
Md. Rohani and Noorliyana Haji Omar |
Abstract: |
Traffic flow at low volume is mainly regulated by implementation of
un signalized intersections system. The common approach called as
gap-acceptance method is used to assess the performance of the
intersection in most developed countries. However, among the drawbacks
of the gap-acceptance method are the non-compliance to the right of way,
design of intersections and the heterogeneous traffic condition as in
developing countries. The conflict method is developed to overcome these
shortcomings. The occupation time of vehicle is used to calculate the
capacity of vehicular movements for each conflict group. The control
delay and level of service of the vehicular streams are evaluated
according to the procedures in HCM 2000. Result comparison is made
between different designs of intersections. It can be concluded that
conflict method are found to be comparable with the HCM 2000 using field
data. |
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Title: |
Low power folded cascode CMOS operational amplifier with common mode
feedback for pipeline ADC |
Author (s): |
Izatul Syafina Ishak, Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad and Mohd. Fairus Ahmad |
Abstract: |
This work proposed a low power and high gain folded cascode CMOS
operational amplifier with a common mode feedback (CMFB) for Pipeline
ADC. The proposed design is implemented in 0.13-5m Silterra CMOS
technology. The folded cascode topology has been used for obtaining a
high gain and low power consumption. Meanwhile, the CMFB is modified
circuit to be a double detection to stabilize the output of common-mode
voltage. The simulation results shown that the DC gain of 64.5dB, unity
gain bandwidth (UGB) of 133.1 MHz and a phase margin (PM) of 68.4: have
been achieved. The power consumption of 0.3mW in 1.8V power supply with
22.6V/5s of slew rate and 72.4ns of settling time is obtained. |
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Title: |
Alternative binders for flexible pavement |
Author (s): |
Md. Maniruzzaman A. Aziz, Md. Tareq Rahman, Mohd. Rosli Hainin and Wan
Azelee Wan Abu Bakar |
Abstract: |
Bitumen (asphalt) is a petroleum based material which is used as binder
in flexible pavement and bitumen has severe adverse impact on
environment as well as in living being. Due to the limitation of
petroleum, increased price and the impact on the environment, research
is going on to find an efficient, cost effective and environment
friendly alternative binder to replace the bitumen. This paper provides
a review about the probable materials that can be used as an alternative
binder where most of them are bio-based material and waste materials
like bio-oil, plastic, polymer, waste cooking oil, waste tire rubber
etc. Researchers have found some positive result with these materials.
Further research is needed to make these satisfactory replacement of
bitumen in industrial scale which will lead to a sustainable source of
binder for flexible pavement. |
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Title: |
An overview of active compliance control for a robotic hand |
Author (s): |
Amirul Syafiq Sadun, Jamaludin Jalani and Jumadi Abdul Sukor |
Abstract: |
It is vital to ensure that a robotic hand can successfully grasp the
objects without damaging them. In order to allow a safe grasping, a
technique called an active compliance control has been deployed. Active
compliance control is an increasingly employed technique used in the
robotic field such as service robotics, virtual reality and haptics,
telemanipulation, human augmentation, and assistant. Recent research
trends show that there are two main methods used in establishing active
compliance control for robotic hand namely the force control and the
impedance control. This paper highlights a summary of currently related
works on active compliant control by using the force control and the
impedance control. In addition, several control strategies of active
compliance control are also discussed and highlighted for a safe
grasping. |
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Title: |
Spatial evaluation of speed-flow-geometry relationship on two-lane rural
highways |
Author (s): |
Muttaka Na iya Ibrahim, Othman Che Puan and Mushairry Mustaffar |
Abstract: |
The mean travel speed of drivers on uninterrupted flow facilities such
as two-lane rural highways is deemed as good performance indicator for
the subject road class; as the variable relates well with user
perception. However, the operating conditions on two-lane roads relating
to travel speed is different from those on other types of facilities, as
fast moving vehicles in either direction are usually impeded by slower
moving ones in the same travel direction and also facing oncoming
traffic in the opposing lane. Thus, impeded vehicles may be compelled to
travel at lower speeds than desired; particularly, in the absence of
sufficient sight distance and permissible gap in the opposing traffic
stream, being the appropriate lane used for passing maneuvers. This
implies that the operating speed on two-lane highways substantially
depends on the level of traffic flow and perhaps, its composition as
well as the roadway geometric features. This paper examines the effects
of traffic level, composition and road geometric features on the
operating speed on two-lane highways based on a spatial approach. An
empirical model relating mean travel speed to traffic flow parameters
and highway geometric features was derived for prediction of mean travel
speed on two-lane rural highways based on easily observable variables.
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Title: |
Effects of air voids content on the
performance of porous asphalt mixtures |
Author (s): |
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan, Mohd. Zul Hanif Mahmud, Nurainaa Adi Noraziela
Rahmat, Mohd. Rosli Hainin and Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya |
Abstract: |
This study evaluates the effects of different air voids content on the
resilient modulus, abrasion loss and permeability of porous asphalt
mixture. One of the main issues with porous asphalt mixture is having an
adequate amount of air voids content for its performance. High air voids
content will increase the infiltration rate but reduces its durability
and vice versa. Gyratory compacted samples were fabricated at various
air void contents i.e. 17.5%, 20% and 22.5% using aggregate gradations
adopted from Australian and Singaporean specifications. The samples were
tested for permeability, resilient modulus and abrasion loss. From the
analysis, it was found that the increase in the voids content improves
the permeability but adversely affects the resilient modulus and the
mixture s performance under abrasion. The resilient modulus and abrasion
loss show similar pattern at low air voids content where no significant
difference between both mixture types but at high voids content, finer
compositions shows to be more durable. Therefore, it can be concluded
that the air voids content influences the performance of porous asphalt
mixtures. |
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Title: |
Mild steel sheet metal forming using ABAQUS software: Influence of draw
beads in minimize spring back |
Author (s): |
Nor Assikin Khamis, Suziyani Md. Zin and Abdul Rahim Bahari |
Abstract: |
Introduction of
draw beads can minimize the spring back. Spring back which
in the elastic recovery occurs after the sheet metal forming process
will result inaccurate geometry of the deformed parts. The objectives of
this project are to study the influence of various geometries of the
draw bead to the spring back for the mild steel sheet metal. To achieve
the objectives, the computational investigation analysis by finite
element method based simulation package will be employed to analyze the
best draw bead geometry to reduce spring back on mild steel. Draw bead
applied to control the material flow in a stamping process and improve
the product quality by controlling the draw bead restraining force. A
simulation approach by using ABAQUS software used to study the influence
of adding draw beads geometry, whether it helps in minimizing the spring
back. There are four types of draw beads geometry involve that
investigated that is: (1) without draw beads, (2) circular draw beads,
(3) rectangular draw beads and (4) triangular draw beads. The result
shows that the triangular draw beads reduce spring back more compared to
other geometry. |
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Title: |
Alkaline treatment on kenaf fiber to be incorporated in unsaturated
polyester |
Author (s): |
Arbanah Muhammad, Ahmad Ramli Rashidi, Mat Uzir Wahit, Salmi Nur Ain
Sanusi and Sharifah Iziuna Sayed Jamaludin |
Abstract: |
The improvement of mechanical characteristics including of tensile
strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of
kenaf fiber incorporated in unsaturated polyester by alkaline treatment.
Different concentration of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% NaOH was used on kenaf
fiber mat and the best concentration was chosen to check on the tensile
tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural
modulus. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image was used to
observe the changes in the view of kenaf fiber. SEM image of treated and
untreated kenaf showed the difference where the surface of kenaf seems
to be rough. The modification of fiber by sodium hydroxide was
effectively softening the fiber surface. Results show the tensile
tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural
modulus was increasing with the increasing of NaOH concentration.
Results from this study showed that the alkaline treatment has improved
the mechanical characteristics of kenaf fiber incorporated in saturated
polyester. |
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Title: |
Effect of alcohol-gasoline blends (ETHANOL) on performance and emission
of SI engine |
Author (s): |
Asiah Ab. Rahim and Nik Rosli Abdullah |
Abstract: |
The concern about the environmental pollution from incomplete combustion
and depletion of fossil fuel has lead the interests of scholar to study
about the reformulate of alternative fuel. This paper examines the
effect of the alcohol-gasoline blended on the engine emission in
consideration of the engine performance. Ethanol (alcohol) that contain
different amount of concentration (E5 and E15) of oxygen is used. The
test was carried out using 4-cylinder and 4 stroke gasoline engine under
wide open throttle and variable speed ranging from 1000 to 4000 rpm. The
alcohol had been blended with the gasoline with different amount of
concentration (0%-15%) per 2L volume. The result shows that an increase
of alcohol content will result in decreasing of carbon monoxide (CO)
emissions due to the presence of oxygen. Furthermore, the presence of
oxygen in alcohol resulted in complete combustion thus increase the
emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). The brake thermal efficiency increased
by 0.61% and 2.96% by using E5 and E15 respectively compared with pure
gasoline. Overall, E15 is proven to be the best blended compare with
other blends as it is showing the most reduction in CO emission without
sacrificing the engine performance. |
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Title: |
Numerical study of aerodynamic drag force on student formula car |
Author (s): |
Shukriwani Saad and Mohd. Fadzli Hamid |
Abstract: |
The aerodynamic design concept is a one of the forecast objective to
enhance the capability towards acceleration thus restricted from
undesired phenomena occurs such as wake area, turbulence flow and so
forth. The virtual wind tunnel was introduced to contribute the
alternative ways to accomplish the analysis. Numerous model was designed
and verified via Computational Fluid Dynamics constructed by ICEM/CFD
FLUENT which is a CFD solver that be employed in this study. This
technique in order to reduce the drag force value meanwhile brought the
student formula car has a tendency to streamline expense to reduce the
resistance force by the motion of air, more excellent handling and
stability performance. From the result has found that the Kolej Komuniti
Bandar Darul Aman (KKBD) student formula car is situated in the range of
aerodynamics value which 0.28, and adequate significance to perform in
Eimarace competition. Virtual simulation study has brought a result
where inspired student to increase a confident level, especially in the
design concept of student formula car thus would suggest the best design
in future development. From the simulation study also can observe the
area which generated turbulence flow, low pressure, high pressure,
coefficient of drag, the coefficient of lift, wake area, pressure
distribution on the surface, trailing vortices flow, noise study, skin
friction drag and pressure drag. From the simulation study has found
that the separated flow occurs whenever Go-Kart moving in above 50km/h,
the more blunt the vehicle will produce the higher coefficient of drag. |
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Title: |
Adsorption isotherm study of adsorption methylene blue onto oil palm
kernel shell activated carbon |
Author (s): |
Marshahida Mat Yashim and Erma Liana Marjohan |
Abstract: |
Industrial palm kernel abundance of waste can be converted into useful
activated carbon through chemical activation. This study is focusing on
analyzing adsorption isotherm of methylene blue dye onto oil palm kernel
shell activated carbon (OPKS-AC) and to analyze the equilibrium data
using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. OPKS was impregnated with
phosphoric acid(H3PO4) at 2 impregnation ratio by weight (0.5:1 and
2.5:1) and later carbonized under high temperature (7000C) for 3 hours.
Batch adsorption experiment of methylene blue solution was conducted by
adding prepared activated carbon to study the adsorption behavior using
adsorption isotherm analysis. Batch adsorption experiment of methylene
blue onto OPKS shows more uptake of methylene blue occurred onto higher
impregnation ratio of OPKS-AC. Batch adsorption data at equilibrium
shows Langmuir isotherm fits the data better which indicated the
adsorption occurs at monolayer of the OPKS-AC. Correlation coefficient
(R2) value of adsorption isotherm was calculated to show suitable fit of
the data. R2 value of Langmuir isotherm was calculated at 0.8091 and
0.996 for impregnation ratio 0.5:1 and 2.5:1 respectively. Results from
this study showed that the adsorption of methylene blue onto OPKS-AC
prepared at a higher impregnation ratio fit better on Langmuir
adsorption isotherm. The adsorption is concluded occurs at monolayer of
the activated carbon. |
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Title: |
Optimization on surface roughness of boring process by varying damper
position |
Author (s): |
Wasis Nugroho, NorBahiyah Baba and Adi Saptari |
Abstract: |
The paper discusses on investigating surface roughness in the boring
(internal turning) process of a workpiece which made of medium carbon
steel (AISI 1050). Four parameters were investigated that are damper
position, feed rate, depth of cut and insert nose radius. One of
investigation of this research is to find a position of the damper to be
put in the bar to reduce the vibration during the boring process. The
machining process was using Computer Numerical Control (CNC) turning
machine Moriseiki NV 2500. Design of experiment (DOE) full factorial
with four factors and two levels each, make the total number runs is 16
and three times replications which make the total run of 48 experiments.
Random order generator also was applied to select the sequence of
experiments. Results of experiment were analyzed using various types of
statistical analysis among others are analysis of variance (ANOVA) in
MINITAB 16. A regression model was also developed to find the
relationship of roughness and parameters under study. The parameters are
set that provides the optimum mean of surface roughness achieved is four
combinations of damper position (1),feed rate (1), depth of cut (2) and
insert radius (1). The highest mean of surface roughness achieved by
combination of parameters: damper position (1), feed rate (2), depth of
cut (2) and insert radius (2). This research also developed a regression
model of surface roughness in boring with parameters involved,
verification and validation of the model also was performed. Among the
setting of parameters and level, the highest mean of roughness achieved
by combination of parameters: damper position (1)* feed rate (2)* depth
of cut (2)* insert radius (2). It provides the average roughness of 4.92
5m. The results of this experiment are validating the previous
researcher on turning operations that parameters such as damper, feed
rate, depth of cut and insert radius effect on the quality of the
product which in this case the roughness. The regression model tor
predicted model of the research was developed, verification and
validation of the model was also being confirmed. |
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Title: |
First-order interaction Multiple Regressions model on water quality
index in Manjung River and its tributaries |
Author (s): |
Aminatul Hawa Yahaya, Muhammad Aminurrasyid Sutarsono and Farish Ahmad |
Abstract: |
This research demonstrated the procedures in choosing the best model in
forecasting the water quality index (WQI) in Manjung River and its
tributaries using multiple regressions. Six independent variables which
are the water quality parameters and WQI as the dependent variable were
included in this data set. The Multiple Regression (MR) models were
involved is the first-order interaction with 57 possible models were
considered. In this research, the process of getting the best model from
the total of 57 possible models had been shown. The backward elimination
of variables with the highest p-value was engaged to get the selected
model. The best model includes using the first order interaction with
variables of (DO, COD, BOD, SS, AN and pH). The best model obtains then
been verified by the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) calculation
to quantify the models' relative overall fit. |
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Title: |
Optimum DNR and DG sizing for power loss reduction using improved
Meta-heuristic methods |
Author (s): |
Wardiah Mohd. Dahalan, Abdul Ghafar Othman, Md. Redzuan Zoolfakar, Puteri
Zarina Megat Khalid and Zairi Ismael Rizman |
Abstract: |
The main purpose of service restoration is to restore as many loads as
possible by transferring loads in the out of service areas to other
distribution feeders via changing the status of normally close and open
switches which is known as Distribution Network Reconfiguration (DNR).
In the event of any fault occurrence within the system, immediate
restoration is indeed required in the particular area. Therefore, the
distribution system must be equipped and planned in such a way that it
will continuously supply the power without any interruption during the
out-of-service condition. The primary idea in this work is to have the
reconfiguration process embedded with Distributed Generation (DG) and
being operated simultaneously to reduce power losses by using improved
Meta-heuristics methods which is Evolutionary Particle Swarm
Optimization (EPSO). A detail performance analysis is carried out in
33-bus systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the EPSO. The proposed
method is adopted and its impacts on the network real power losses and
voltage profiles are investigated as well as improving the voltage
profile while fulfilling distribution constraints. |
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Title: |
Discrimination of exudates and non exudates pixels in fundus images and
classification of color Autocorrelogram features using Multilayer Perceptron and
Support Vector Machine |
Author (s): |
Hasliza Abu Hassan, Nooritawati Md. Tahir, Ahmad Ihsan Yassin and Azlee
Zabidi |
Abstract: |
Fundus images provide an opportunity for early detection of diabetes.
Generally, retina fundus images of diabetic patients exhibit exudates,
which are lesions indicative of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). Computational
tools have the potential to assist medical practitioners in early
screening of the disease. The experiment consists of two parts: 1)
detection of exudates in the fundus image (using the Multilayer
Perceptron (MLP1) and Support Vector Machine (SVM1)), followed by 2)
removal of exudates detected in step (1), feature representation using
Color Autocorrelogram (CAC) and classification using another set of
classifiers (MLP2 and SVM2). Experimental results on the MESSIDOR
dataset suggest that the method has the potential to be used for early
indication of DR. |
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Title: |
Inorganic metal as lubricant containing additives in SAE 10W-30 engine
oil |
Author (s): |
Azmi Roslan, Ahmmed S. Ibrahem and Abdul Hadi |
Abstract: |
This paper study on suitability and effect of inorganic metal as
additives in Malaysian commercial grade engine oil such as arsenic
oxide, aluminum oxide, cadmium nitrate, cobalt chloride, copper, ferum
(II) nitrate, nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate and titanium (IV) oxide to
engine oil heat capacity and viscosity. By appending inorganic metal in
the engine oil, it will cause the improvement in its thermal properties
and thus the fluctuation of the viscosity to the temperature may be
altered. The validation of these improvements was assessed by measuring
engine oil viscosity-temperature relationship, heat capacity, kinematic
viscosity and viscosity index. Viscosity-temperature relationships were
obtained using rotational viscometer. Tests were made under constant
shear rate of 600 s-1 and temperature setting started from 400C to
1000C. By collecting the information of the viscosity-temperature
relationships, engine oil performance measurement was taken place by
measuring the area under the curve for each of samples graph. Heat
capacity for each sample was determined using a bomb calorimeter in
adiabatic mode of operation. Kinematic viscosities of engine oils were
assessed using VH2 Viscometer Houillion at 400C and 1000C and viscosity
index was calculated according to ASTM D2270 method. The results found
that the dissolution of arsenic oxide, cadmium nitrate, copper and ferum
(II) nitrate had the best viscosity and heat capacity improvement about
7.44% and 2.01% of reference oil (base fluid).All compounds appended in
exhibiting viscosity-temperature relationships, time, kinematic
viscosity, viscosity index and heat capacity enhancement compared to
reference oil (MCG). MCGT2 had better performance than MCGT1, exhibiting
higher area under the curve for the viscosity-temperature relationship
and also higher value of heat capacity. |
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Title: |
Validation by PIV of the numerical study of flow in the two-dimensional
turning diffuser |
Author (s): |
Normayati Nordin, Zainal Ambri Abdul Karim, Safiah Othman, Vijay R.
Raghavan, Suzairin Md. Seri, Muhammad Farid Shaari and Sharifah Adzila |
Abstract: |
The primary objective of this study is to validate the numerical method
applied in the analysis of two-dimensional turning diffuser performance.
A sharp 90o two-dimensional turning diffuser of area ratio, AR = 2.16
operated at inflow Reynolds numbers, Rein = 5.786 x 104 - 1.775 x 105
was considered. The applicability of standard (ske), renormalization
group (rngke) and realizable (rke) k-? turbulence models adopted various
near wall treatments namely standard wall functions, non-equilibrium
walls functions and enhanced wall treatment to simulate the actual cases
was assessed. The ske adopted enhanced wall treatment of y+ ; 1.1 - 1.8
appears as the best validated model, producing minimal deviation with
comparable flow structures to the experimental cases (using particle
image velocimetry). |
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Title: |
CFD simulation of bubbling fluidized bed:
Effect of distributor plate
orifice pattern configuration on hydrodynamics of gas-solid mixing |
Author (s): |
Iman Eslami Afrooz, Chandra Mohan Sinnathambi, Saravanan Karuppanan and
Dennis Ling Chuan Ching |
Abstract: |
The gas-solid mixing pattern in a fluidized bed is significantly
affected by distributor plates. In order to study this impact, two
different distributor plates orifice arrangement, namely, triangular and
radial (TDP and RDP) are designed. The solid circulation patterns caused
by each orifice arrangements are then predicted numerically. To this
end, Eulerian-Eulerian (EE) approach through Computational Fluid Dynamic
(CFD) is utilized. As a final point, the simulated particle volume
fraction, particle velocity and bed pressure drop are compared. It was
found that the distribution of solid volume fraction is more homogeneous
while TDP was used. The regular pattern of radial particle velocity was
also found for TDP. These indicate that particle motion mainly
concentrates in the region between the core and the wall of the bed.
However, chaotic solid motion at the core region was observed for RDP. |
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Title: |
Low pressure injection molding of boron admixed 316L stainless steel for
engineering applications |
Author (s): |
Muhammad Aslam, Faiz Ahmad, Puteri Sri Melor Binti Megat Yusoff, Khurram
Altaf, Mohd. Afian Omar and M. Rafi Raza |
Abstract: |
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of elemental boron on
densification of 316L stainless steels. Elemental nano size boron (nB)
powder of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt. % was blended with 316L SS to produce
homogeneous feedstock for low pressure powder injection molding (LPIM)
process. LPIM molded samples were sintered at 12300C using high vacuum
10-5Torr. The Results showed that addition of elemental boron has
favorable effects on densification. Addition of 0.5 wt% nano size
elemental boron in 316L SS has enhanced densification up to 98.5%.
Defect free gears were injection molded and sintered successfully using
optimal sintering cycle. |
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Title: |
An experimental analysis using Taguchi method in resolving the
significant factors subject to corrosion under insulation |
Author (s): |
Nurul Rawaida Ain Burhani, Masdi Muhammad, Mokhtar Che Ismail and Masri
Asmi Mahed |
Abstract: |
Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a gradually vital issue for piping
in industries especially petrochemical and chemical plants due to its
astonishing catastrophic disaster and automatic impact on the
environmental problem. To ensure this CUI problem does not spark sudden
surprise in plants, indeterminate factors that contribute to the
deterioration of CUI should be recognized and taken care seriously.
Thus, this research will unearth the most influential factors for the
CUI deterioration using Taguchi method for design of the experiment.
Result analyzed using a signal to noise ratio revealed that most
significant factor for CUI occurrence is insulation type followed by
service temperature. However, this method also exposes that interactions
between factors for CUI are less significant. Meanwhile, the most
influential factor for service temperature is 120oC, type of insulation
are perlite and calcium silicate while cycle type is isothermal wet/dry.
This will help as an acceptable guideline for inspection planning
purpose and priority in the maintenance schedule. |
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Title: |
Using one way Fluid Structure Interaction coupling to investigate the
effect of blood flow on the bileaflet mechanical heart valve structure
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Author (s): |
M. S. Nasif, S. K. Kadhim, H. H. Al-Kayiem and, R. Al Waked |
Abstract: |
A numerical simulation investigation was conducted to investigate the
effect of vibration on the structure of bileaflet mechanical heart valve
by using one way Fluid Structure Interaction coupling technique. The
forces generated due to blood flow and heart pulsation which
consequently cause vibrations is investigated numerically. In this
model, the heartbeat used is 120 BPM and the bileaflet heart valve
leaflet angles where varied 25o, 63o and 85o. The results of the
numerical simulation revealed that the blood velocity and von-Mises
stress in the connection pin and valve housing at the angle 25o
increased by up to 96% and 78% respectively as compared with the blood
velocity and von-Mises stresses at fully open angle 85o. The results of
the numerical simulation indicated the von Mises stresses values may
reach higher values than the allowable stresses of the artificial heart
valve especially at the pin connect and valve housing. This may result
in the artificial heart valve failure, however, it depends on the valve
leaflet position. |
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Title: |
An overview of experimental techniques of the investigation of
water-diesel emulsion characteristics droplets micro-explosion |
Author (s): |
Mhadi A. Ismael, Morgan R. Heikal A. Rashid A. Aziz and Cyril crua |
Abstract: |
Emulsified fuels considered as a promising alternative fuel that could
solve and meet the increasingly stringent emission regulations for
diesel engines due to their capability of reduction the harmful exhaust
emission, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and
particulate matter (PM). The admission of water into the diesel fuel has
significant advantages. One of these advantages is the possibility of
occurrence of the so-called micro-explosion phenomena. There is a number
of experimental techniques and visualization systems to investigate and
analyse the uses of the water-diesel (W/D) emulsion fuel, especially
regarding micro-explosion phenomena. Micro-explosion is the rapid
breakup of fuel droplets and hence burst into smaller droplets which
enhance fuel evaporation and hence improving the air-fuel mixing
process. An investigation of micro-explosion of the smaller droplets is
important. This review paper discussing the advantages of using the
emulsion fuel and the different experimental techniques used to detect
the micro-explosion phenomena in addition to the factors affecting the
onset of micro-explosion processes and proposes potential research areas
for W/D emulsion fuel studies. Most of the studies in the literature
agree that W/D does result in a reduction in NOx and PM exhaust gas
emissions. There is, however, some inconsistencies of the experimental
techniques with respect to the heating process which affects the onset
and the strength of the micro-explosion process. The factors that affect
the micro-explosion phenomena consist of different parameters such as
the distribution of the water in the emulsion, the size of the emulsion
droplet, type and percentage of the surfactant, ambient temperature and
pressure. |
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Title: |
The effect of repeated welding cycles on the microstructure and ferrite
content of 25Cr Super Duplex Stainless Steel weld metal by automatic
orbital TIG welding |
Author (s): |
Danny Satya Mauliddin and Turnad Lenggo Ginta |
Abstract: |
The objective of this research is to evaluate the macrostructure,
microstructure, chemical elements and ferrite content of 25Cr Super
Duplex Stainless Steel (SDSS) UNS S32750 weld metal after the condition
of repeated welding cycles. TIG automatic orbital is used to weld tubing
test specimen size 9.53mm diameter and 2.1 mm thickness at heat input
0.248 kJ/mm, the torch is orbiting surface circumference and melting
down in 2G position with shielding gas protection of 99.99% Argon in DC
negative polarity, this welding process able to melt down two opposite
square-end of base metal without filler metal. All test specimens are
evaluated by simulating of three repeated welding cycles consist of
original welding, R1, R2, and R3. The results of this research are
indicating there are correlation between metallography, chemical
analysis and ferrite content to the increasing number of welding cycles. |
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Title: |
Ontology based decision support knowledge acquisition module |
Author (s): |
Kafayat Oluwatoyin Shobowale, Fakhruldin Mohd. Hashim and Hilmi Hussin |
Abstract: |
Data integration issues have been part of the challenges faced by the
oil and gas industries. This is also compounded by the fact that
different kind of modeling tools has been used that are complex for
decision makers thereby further making it difficult to adopt other
tools. The consequence of this is sufficient previous records are not
efficiently inculcated into the system for a better decision analysis
during the decision making processes. Also, failures due to this
insufficient analysis usually lead to huge capital costs that far
surpass the equipment procurement cost. Ontology based knowledge
acquisition system tool can help mitigate these issues. Expert input is
used for part of data collection. Ontology knowledge model is developed
which helps to build taxonomy of objects of interest in the domain to
serve as a knowledge base. One of the advantage of the ontology
knowledge model is its linguistic properties which is close to human
semantics to help bridge the issue of technicality barrier to help
decision makers understand the underlying information in the system. Web
ontology language application programming interface (OWL-API) together
with java codes are used to serialize between the ontology knowledge
base and the graphical user interface developed in java to automatically
add and update the knowledge in the database to make assessment based on
the newly added data and the existing data. The tool is capable of
adding new data and making appropriate inference. The tool will serve as
a basis for decision makers who are usually not technical inclined to
make effective decisions that will yield improved and profitable
productions. |
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Title: |
Compressive behavior of basalt FRP and basalt-carbon hybrid
FRP
laminates |
Author (s): |
A. N. Mengal, S. Karuppanan and N. H. Farhood |
Abstract: |
In this study the compressive strength of new basalt FRP and
basalt-carbon hybrid FRP composite laminates were investigated
experimentally. The main aim of this paper is to determine the influence
of fiber orientation on compressive strength and to estimate the
compressive strength of basalt FRP and basalt-carbon hybrid FRP
composite laminates. The test specimens with varying orientations were
prepared using hand lay-up technique. Compression test was performed
according to ASTM test standard D6641 procedure A (untabbed specimens).
The different composite laminates included in this study were pure
basalt, pure carbon and six hybrid composite laminates. From the
experimental analysis the fibre orientation was found to influence the
compressive strength of basalt-carbon hybrid composite laminates. All
the hybrid composite laminates showed a positive hybridization effect.
The basalt carbon/epoxy hybrid composite C2 with angle ply layup of
[02C/+45B/0B] S was found to be the optimum lay-up with highest
compressive strength among all the other laminates. |
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Title: |
Design and analysis of hydraulic in a heavy commercial vehicle by
recovering energy during braking |
Author (s): |
Setyamartana Parman and Eijaz Zainuddin |
Abstract: |
This paper studied a hydraulic regenerative braking in heavy commercial
vehicles. The study determined amount of energy that can be recovered
during braking period first. The recovered energy came from kinetic
energy exerted by the engine when the vehicle is slowing down. Then, the
kinetic energy was partially transformed into hydraulic energy to be
stored and be used for future acceleration. Only the energy efficiency
of the hydraulic regenerative braking system was analysed. The main
attention of the paper was focusing on the calculation of thermal energy
that can be converted into hydraulic energy in order to be re-used for
future acceleration. |
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Title: |
The mechanism and microstructure of silicanizing process on mild steel
substrate in the medium of silica sand |
Author (s): |
Yusnenti F. M. Y. and Othman M. |
Abstract: |
This paper presents the work carried out to determine the morphology and
mechanical properties of coating deposited layer that formed onto mild
steel substrate using a new silicanizing method. The result shows that
the coating silicanized layer consisting of FeSi, Fe2SiO4, FeSiO3 and
SiO2 phase was successfully formed on the mild steel after subjecting to
heat treatment process of 10000C for 4 hours. This layer of 5005m
thickness and also established that higher temperature and elongated
deposition/adhesion time resulted an increase in SiO2 concentration on
the substrate (mild steel). |
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Title: |
Simulation of two phase oil-gas flow in T-Junction |
Author (s): |
Ban Sam, William Pao, Mohammad S. Nasif and Rohaizad B. M. Norpiah |
Abstract: |
T-junction, or commonly known as stand pipe appendage, is used by
oil/gas industries to tap gas from existing production header for the
purpose of downstream pipeline instrumentation. The appendage is either
pre-design or retrofitted with minimum internals for maximum reliability
for remote deployment. The motivation for this research originated from
the lack of stand-pipe design method to correctly account for the
separation of multiphase fluid at the T-junction. Consequently, sizable
amount of liquid holdup occurs in the side arm, resulting in the
so-called carryover issue. This situation is further aggravated by the
different flow regimes in the production header which are not taken into
account by the design practice. The negative consequences of this
carryover on the operation of downstream unit have often led to frequent
trip and maintenance issues. This paper presents the finding of the two
phase oil/gas separation in T-junction using a simplified
one-dimensional model. The effect of operating pressure, gas-oil ratio (GOR),
oil flow rate and arm length on gas fraction in side arm is reported.
The computed solutions are compared with experimental data and a good
agreement is achieved. The results show that operating pressure is the
most influential parameter in ensuring efficient separation. |
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Title: |
Application of Taguchi's method on the purifying process of
Tronoh
silica sand via mechanical milling and ultrasonic bath |
Author (s): |
Nazratulhuda Hashim, Othman Mamat, Zeeshan Baig |
Abstract: |
The purification of silica sand is usually conducted in order to obtain
a required high silica percentage and minimal impurities. However, the
impurities in the residue still become the obstruction to obtaining a
high purity of silica. An experimental investigation was conducted to
explore the purifying process via the ball milling technique, followed
by an ultrasonic bath. In this study, the concept of Taguchi s Design of
Experiments was applied in order to optimize the processing parameters
used to purify Tronoh silica sand. The results reveal that the important
parameters influencing the ball milling process were duration of
milling, jar volume and ball per powder weight ratio (BPR). At the same
time, the results also show the concentration of NaOH, soaking time and
ultrasonic temperature were important factors for ultrasonic bath.
Therefore, improvements in the purification of the silica sand process
were proposed. |
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Title: |
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPS) exfoliation and dispersion in metal powder
using different solvents |
Author (s): |
Zeeshan Baig, Othman Mamat, Mazli Mustapha, Khurram Altaf, Raphael
Joshua Mailabari |
Abstract: |
Graphene possesses attractive mechanical and physical properties than
available nanomaterials and considered as ideal reinforcement in many
metals to enhanced mechanical properties. Incorporation and uniform
dispersion of graphene in metals is the ultimate challenge due to
difference in surface energies of both contents. Graphene usually
available as stacks of multisheets and need exfoliation to obtain single
or bi layer because reported unique properties are associated with
single layer graphene. In current work, colloidal processing of graphene
is employed and processed with iron powder. In this contest exfoliation
has been achieved by using different solvents and dispersion attained by
mechanically stirred with iron powder at fixed rate. The effect of
graphene exfoliation in different solvents and dispersion in iron powder
is systematically investigated by FESEM, energy-dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy, particle size measurement. To study dispersion effect,
hardness and density measurements were conducted on vacuum sintered
nanocomposite compacts. |
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Title: |
The influence of plastic extrusion blow molding parameters on waste
reduction |
Author (s): |
Shahrul Kamaruddin, Noor Syuhadah Zakarria and Nik Mizamzul Mehat |
Abstract: |
Growing demands of plastics deriving environmental and social concern on
the plastics contained in municipal waste. Comprehending to this fact,
this study emphasizes on minimization of plastic wastes during extrusion
blow molding process by controlling the processing parameters including
parison thickness, chiller temperature, melting temperature and extruder
speed. L8 Taguchi orthogonal array (OA), signal to noise (S/N) ratio and
analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to investigate the influence
of numerous blow moulding processing parameters on the plastic wastes. |
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Title: |
Modeling and simulation of photovoltaic module with enhanced perturb and
observe MPPT algorithm using Matlab / Simulink |
Author (s): |
Ali Q. Al-Shetwi and Muhamad Zahim Sujod |
Abstract: |
Modeling and analysis of photovoltaic (PV) system is substantial for
designers of solar power plants to do a yield investigation that
precisely predicts the expected output power under changing weather
conditions. The model allows the prediction of PV module s behavior and
characteristics based on the mathematical model equivalent circuit using
Matlab/Simulink platform under different temperature and solar radiation
readings. The second part of this paper proposes an enhancement to the
conventional perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
technique in order to overcome the disadvantages of this method such as
oscillation and slow tracking under sudden change of atmospheric
conditions. The proposed method suggested that utilizing a variable
perturbation step size depending on power changes instead of constant
step size which is used in conventional P&O algorithm in order to ensure
that the solar energy is captured and converted as much as possible. The
simulation results are compared with that of traditional P&O to
demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
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Title: |
Specific bearing strength of bolted composite joint with different glass
fiber reinforcement |
Author (s): |
A. R. Othman and Khudhayer J. Jadee |
Abstract: |
Bolted joints are vastly used in many applications and constitute an
integral part of structural components. The reliability of the bolted
joints depends mainly on the local laminate bearing strength, which is
significantly influenced by various parameters. This paper presents the
experimental study on the effect of different reinforcement and
geometrical designs of glass reinforced composite on the bearing
strength of a double-lap, single bolt joint under tensile load. Four
different types of glass fiber reinforcements were prepared, consisting
of chopped strand with weight of 600 g/m2, plain weave of 800 g/m2 and
290 g/m2 and 2/2 twill weave of 200 g/m2. The composite coupons were
designed with a series of width to bolt diameter (W/D) and edge distance
to bolt diameter (E/D) ratios, varied as 2, 3, 4 and 5 and 1, 2, 3, 4
and 5, respectively. A bearing test was conducted according to the ASTM
standard D5961/D5961M-10 to determine the specific bearing strength of
the laminates. It was found that the plain weave of 800 g/m2
single-bolted laminates provided highest specific bearing strength
compared to other composites. The critical point of the geometric
parameters by which the failure mode changes from shear-out and
net-tension mode to bearing mode was also identified. The laminates with
large geometric parameters failed mainly in the desired bearing failure.
The analysis specifically considers the significant influence of the
geometrical and material parameters on improving the structural
performance of the composite bolted joints. |
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Title: |
An analytical approach to investigate the effect of grooved surface on
short journal bearing's performance |
Author (s): |
S. Hamdavi, H. H. Ya, T. V. V. L. N. Rao and K. M. Faez |
Abstract: |
In the present study, theoretical studies and approach for finite fluid
film journal bearing used. It is a must to investigate the hydrodynamic
performance of this kind of bearing due to its wide demand and
application into different industries. In this work, Reynolds equation
for the numerical part is applied. To investigate how they affect the
performance of short journal bearing, an axial groove with various depth
and length are considered. The oil film pressure, load carrying capacity
and attitude angle for plain and grooved short bearing are calculated,
compared. The presented results illustrate that applying one groove at
inlet bearing surface, declines the performance of finite fluid film
journal bearings. |
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Title: |
Effect of mixture ratio of cow faeces with water on biogas production |
Author (s): |
C. Rangkuti, Salman Ahmad and Rosyida Permatasari |
Abstract: |
Biogas is one alternative solution to overcome the energy crisis
occurred in Indonesia. The cattle populations are 13.13 million in 2013.
It is very potential to use the cow faeces to produce biogas as an
alternative fuel for domestic use and to run internal combustion engines
to produce electricity. This work has been done on mixing ratios of the
cattle faeces with water to produce optimum biogas using a single type
of batch digester with a capacity of 20 liters each. The faeces were
used as the form of cattle faeces mixing with water of weight ratios of
1:1; 1:1.4; 1:1.7; 1:2 and 1:2.5 (kg/kg). The gas chromatograph
identifies its gas components produced by biogas and the calorimeter
tests its calorific value. This study aims to determine the biogas
composition which the highest methane contained therein. The results
showed mixing cow faeces and water at the ratio of 1:1.7 produces biogas
with the highest methane concentration of 61.78% vol and calorific value
of 5498.54 kcal/m3. |
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Title: |
Synergistic effects of Zinc Borate and Halloysite nanotubes (HNTS) on
char morphology and gases emission of epoxy based intumescent fire
retardant systems |
Author (s): |
Qandeel Fatima Gillani, Faiz Ahmad, Muhammad Ibrahim Abdul Mutlib,
Puteri Sri Melor and Adiat Arogundade |
Abstract: |
In this study, Zinc Borate (ZB) and Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are
simultaneously integrated in the in expandable graphite (EG) based
intumescent fire retardant coatings. The synergistic effect between the
ZB and HNTs on fire performance, char morphology, and thermal
degradation of IFRC were investigated. The IFRC of ZB/HNTs (5.5:1.5)
showed noticeable improvement in char quality. Similar ratio of
incorporated additives showed significant reductions in the phenolic
gasses emission of IFRC. FESEM results showed that a solid and dense
char layer was formed in ZBH (5), which hindered the transfer of heat to
substrate and hold combustible gases in the condensed phase reaction. It
is concluded that the combination of ZB and HNTs is proved to be a
supportive synergism in development of environment friendly intumescence
coating systems. |
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Title: |
Condensation rate effect on top of line corrosion in
CO2 environment |
Author (s): |
Syuhaidah Bt Saufi Anuar, Mokhtar Che Ismail, Pandian Bothi Raja and
Noor A. In Binti A. Rahman |
Abstract: |
This research focuses on the effect of condensation rate on top of line
corrosion (TLC) for carbon steel (X65) in CO2 environment. The
experiment was conducted in a modified glass cell which simulates the
TLC phenomena with tested temperature ranging from 25 0C to 55 0C and
the cooling temperature was 7 0C. The corrosion rate was measured by the
weight loss method and the surface morphology was examined by Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). A
baseline CO2 corrosion test was also measured simultaneously. The
corrosion rate recorded for TLC was in the range from 0.76 mm/year to
1.53 mm/year. Further, the results evident that increase in condensation
rate, reduces the corrosion rate which relatively lower than bottom line
corrosion rate. The formation of Iron carbonate (FeCO3), which acts as a
protective layer is not fully formed and pitting was observed on the
surface of the sample. In conclusion, the modified glass cell of TLC
experiment was successfully done and it is found that corrosion rate
increases with the water condensation rate. |
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Title: |
Study on the effect of inserting multi-electrodes in a material exposed
to electromagnetic wave |
Author (s): |
Haitham B. Al-Wakeel and Zainal A. Abdul Karim |
Abstract: |
The increase in the waste accumulation requires an innovation for use a
green technology to burn the waste accumulation rapidly in order to
protect the environment while saving the consumption of combustion
energy. Hence, this paper shows that a new clean technology can be used
for the heating and burning of a material rapidly, saving the consumed
electromagnetic energy by presenting a computational modelling for the
effect of inserting multiple metallic electrodes on the electric field,
generated heat, and temperature distribution inside a material exposed
to electromagnetic wave. The modelling was implemented computationally
by using the three-dimensional finite element method to simulate
electric field, generated heat and temperature distribution in a
dielectric material containing three metallic electrodes located in a
microwave cavity having surfaces of perfect electric conductors and
incident microwave port of mode TE10, supplied with 1500 W
electromagnetic power and 2.45 GHz operating frequency. The methodology
was based on that the electromagnetic wave creates an elevated electric
field inside the material between the ends of metallic electrodes. This
electric field assists in generating a thermal energy increasing the
material temperature to attain the oxidation temperature rapidly. The
results showed that the time required to raise the temperature of a
dielectric material by 602 K is minimized locally from 12 seconds to
less than 1 second due to the presence of metallic electrodes in the
material that exposed to electromagnetic wave. The maximum temperature
is increased by 100 K when reducing the gap length between the metallic
electrodes from 0.0015 m to 0.0005 m. |
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Title: |
Decomposed DICOM video into frames using
MATLAB |
Author (s): |
Syazatul Aniza Arshad, T. M. Y. S. Tuan Ya, Lila Iznita Izhar
and Osama Sabir |
Abstract: |
Nowadays, the medical world has become more sophisticated and numerous
changes have been made specially to ensure convenience and comfort of
the medical field such as MRI machines, advanced angiogram and others
medical equipment. The file format for this equipment is DICOM which
used for handling, storing, printing, and transmitting information in
medical imaging. Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM)
is a standard for medical images and it s executed for medical equipment
likes radiology, radiotherapy and cardiology. The advantage of using
DICOM is it allowed connectivity of engineering information to exchange
images and info within the hospital and telemedicine. In this paper, the
objective is to play DICOM video which taken from X-ray Angiography (XA)
using multimedia format and decomposed it into frames by using MATLAB
software. The purpose is to make the physician display the video in
single frame and as a result to get better view of diseases and improved
the efficiency and diagnose quality better. |
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Title: |
Physical, thermal, and dielectric properties enhancement in graphene/poly
(Vinyl Alcohol) nanocomposite as novel multifunctional materials |
Author (s): |
Mohd Firdaus Abdrahman, Suraya Abdul Rashid, Norizah Abdul Rahman
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Abstract: |
In this research, poly (vinyl alcohol)/ exfoliated graphite
nanoplatelets. (PVA/xGnP) nanocomposites in the form of films were
prepared by solution casting processing methods. The objective of this
research was to investigate the thermal stability, physical, dynamic
mechanical and dielectric properties of PVA/xGnP nanocomposites having
different xGnP loading content (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7wt %). The dynamic
mechanical analysis (DMA) results indicated that the glassy-state
storage modulus (at 30 0C) of PVA/xGnP nanocomposites at 0.5, 1, 3wt %
xGnP loading increases about 230%, 200% and 180% beyond that of pure PVA
sample, respectively. Furthermore, the good interaction of the xGnP
nanofillers with the host PVA significantly increases the glass
transition temperature (Tg) of nanocomposite with lower filler loading
(0.5-3wt %). It can be clearly observed that the trend in dynamic
mechanical properties (Tg) of the PVA/xGnP nanocomposite is in excellent
agreement with that in the tensile characteristic. Thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) demonstrated an enhancement in thermal stability of the
PVA/xGnP nanocomposite containing xGnP at loading 0.5 and 1wt%. The PVA/xGnP
nanocomposites show an enhancement in dielectric properties upon the
addition of xGnP fillers. The dielectric permittivity (? ) of the
nanocomposites having filler content less than 3wt% show behavior of
weak frequency dependence. However, when the filler content was
increased to a level 3wt% and above, the ? of the nanocomposites
exhibits strong frequency dependence and decreased sharply between the
frequencies ranges from 106 107 Hz. |
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Title: |
Effect of air gap on performance enhancement of building assisted with
Photo Voltaic systems |
Author (s): |
Kashif Irshad, Khairul Habib and M. W. Kareem |
Abstract: |
This paper investigates performance improvement of room assisted with
Photo voltaic (PV) system by varying air gap and PV glazing type. PV
panel was installed on the south side of the room as Photo Voltaic
Trombe wall (PV-TW) and over the roof. Performance was evaluated in term
of cooling load, energy consumption and PV efficiency. Three different
types of PV glazing (i.e. Single Glazing, Double glazing, double glazing
filled with Argon gas) was tested by changing air gap between wall and
PV panel for Malaysian climate. TRNSYS building simulation software was
used in which various input parameters were inserted to obtain the
results. It was found that maximum PV efficiency was achieved in the
case of Double glass filled with Argon PV-TW at air gap of 0.2 m and
roof pitch angle 20 degree. Ventilated PV-TW and PV panel installed over
the roof also reduces cooling load of the room. Among all the three
types of glazing, room assisted with Double glass filled with argon PV
panel shows highest reduction in cooling load at air gap 0.2m and roof
pitch angle 20 degree. Also cooling load of room reduced significantly
with the increase in roof pitch angle upto certain critical angle which
is different for different PV glazing. |
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Title: |
Cell by cell artificial neural network model for predicting laminar,
incompressible, viscous flow |
Author (s): |
Osama Sabir and T. M. Y. S. Tuan Ya |
Abstract: |
In this research, a cell-by-cell artificial neural network approach is
used to predict the velocity vectors of steady-state, viscous,
incompressible, laminar flows in a two-dimensional computational domain.
The flow behavior is characterized by the initial flow velocity, and
the geometry of the wall boundaries. A feed forward neural network
architecture is applied in this research. The model is trained using
Levenberg-Marquardt and Bayesian regularization back propagation
algorithms. The training data for the model are obtained by solving the
Navier-Stokes equations for two-dimensional, steady-state, viscous,
incompressible, laminar flow using commercial ANSYS Fluent software. The
results show that the predicted values produced by the model is in good
agreement with the simulation data. Even though the introduction of
artificial neural networks at the cell level increases the complexity of
the training process, this drawback is compensated by the increase in
flexibility (generality) of the model. More importantly, the results
show that the cell-by-cell artificial neural network approach is capable
of providing an accurate prediction of the fluid velocity field for the
flow investigated in this research. The outcomes designate that the new
ANN approach is capable of getting an accurate velocity vector
prediction as several statistical parameters confirmed. Since all the
computation cost took place in the training phase, the new approach
calculated the result faster than the traditional numerical methods.
Such simulation provides a reliable perception about the fluid behavior
with respect to momentum and equations. In addition to the preceding
recorded data, the proposed method considers the geometrical boundaries
profile as a major contribution for ANN training phase. |
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Title: |
Inhibition effect of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) surfactant on carbon
steel corrosion |
Author (s): |
W. Zakaria W. N. L., Che Ismail M. and Abd Karim M. F. |
Abstract: |
Injection of surfactants during oilfield production is one of many
selections of EOR methods. Besides its main role, the utilization of
this chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) has also potential in
corrosion mitigation of down hole tube due to its inhibitor properties.
In this paper, corrosion mitigation performance of a commercial EOR
surfactant with various concentrations under CO2 environment was
analyzed using Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) technique. The
functional group of the surfactant was investigated using Fourier
Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) while Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX)
connected to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study the
surface characteristics changes. It was found that the injection of EOR
surfactant gives a significant corrosion inhibition effect that varies
upon concentration dosage. In this test, the surfactant managed to
reduce the corrosion rate of API X65 steel in CO2 environment between
74% - 97% upon injection of 50ppm to 5000ppm surfactant. Higher surface
coverage with possible multi-layers protective formation on sample was
observed at higher concentration of EOR surfactant injection. |
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Title: |
A theoretical investigation into the
performance of SWCNTS as an antireflection coating layer for silicon
solar cell |
Author (s): |
Hengameh Hanaei, Morteza Khalaji Assadi,
Norani Muti Mohamed and Robabeh Bashiri |
Abstract: |
In
this paper optical simulations based on Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) is
developed to investigate the performance of Carbon nanotube on silicon
solar cells. Reflection of the incident photons by the silicon surface
is a major source of losses for photovoltaic solar cell. However, these
losses can be minimized by depositing an antireflection layer. Recently,
antireflective coatings (ARCs) attract critical consideration for both
their fundamental aspects and wide practical applications. The TMM
solutions permit us to plot the optical reflectivity versus wavelengths
and layer thicknesses. The optical refractive index and thicknesses of
considered materials, which allowed us to have the lowest reflection,
can be used to simulate the electrical properties of the cell with PC1D
and Silvaco software in the future. |
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Title: |
Surface properties of nitrided layer on
AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel produced by varied time
low-temperature thermochemical treatments |
Author (s): |
Hassan R. S. Mahmoud, Patthi bin Hussain and
Mokhtar C. Ismail |
Abstract: |
Recently, there are several attempts to improve the surface properties
of AISI 316L by the mean of thermochemical treatments. The expected
result is a layer on the surface termed expanded austenite which is
supersaturated with nitrogen and carbon and this structure is
responsible for the higher hardness and better wear properties without
impairing its corrosion resistance. In this work, AISI 316L stainless
steel was gas-nitrided/carburized simultaneously at 4500C in quartz tube
furnace for 8, 24 hours of treatment time. The morphological changes,
structural phase, and elemental profile were observed by an optical
microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy
dispersive X-ray (EDX). All the characterization methods confirmed the
formation of nitrides and carbides on the surface layer of AISI 316L
forming the expanded austenite layer (S phase), which leads to
enhancement of surface properties of the nitrided samples. |
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Title: |
Performance of corrosion inhibitor with
sand deposit in CO2 environment |
Author (s): |
Abd Karim M. A., Che Ismail M. and Abd
Karim M. F. |
Abstract: |
The
performance of corrosion inhibitor on API X65 carbon steel covered by
sand deposit under CO2 environment is presented. The effect of corrosion
inhibitor concentration on a constant sand deposit thickness was
analyzed using Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) electrochemical
method. In addition, the effect of each element alone on corrosion
behavior was also studied for comparison purpose. The results indicated
that both corrosion inhibitor and sand deposit could retard the
corrosion rate either by working alone or exist together in a system.
The overall performance of inhibitor with or without deposit is almost
similar suggesting that the controlling factor for corrosion rate in
this experiment was the rate of absorption towards the metal surface
through sand deposit by corrosive species and inhibitor. |
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Title: |
Process optimization in the dyeing of polyester fibers through the
control variables temperature gradient |
Author (s): |
Jimenez P. H., Delgado D. and Escalante A. |
Abstract: |
The gradient in the change of temperature of the dyeing process is a
variable that must be controlled to optimize the dyeing of polyester
fibers. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the gradient in the change
of temperature on the dyeing of polyester fibers. There were developed
three tests of polyester fibers dyeing process considering that the dye
curve is the same in all three tests, in which only varies the gradient
in the temperature rise. The tests were performed with 100 % polyester
fabric 150/34, samples of 100g, red dye (light shade - 1.760 gr Terasil
SD Yellow and Red Terasil SD 0.192 gr). The tests were developed in the
Mathis machine, the hydroextractor and stove for drying the samples. The
results show that the use of dispersants and anti-breakage agents works
to prevent breakdowns and improve the matching colors, but still high
gradient causes an increased dye migration and breaks in the fibers, but
at low gradients (2 ° C / min) the diffusion and dyeing quality is
better, and thus avoids reprocessing in the dyeing step. |
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Title: |
Evaluating different scenarios for optimizing energy consumption to
achieve sustainable green building in Malaysia |
Author (s): |
Morteza Khalaji Assadi, Seyed Mojib Zahraee, Mohammad Hossein Zaeimbashi
Isaabadi and Khairul Habib |
Abstract: |
One of the most users of energy in the construction industry is
residential buildings that use the high value of energy. Because of the
high effect of construction activities on environment, serious attention
should be given to sustainability concept in construction activities.
There are climate factors such as temperature, humidity and pressure
that have a considerable effect on the sustainability of green buildings
based on energy consumption. The main goal of this paper is to achieve a
sustainable green building by optimizing the energy consumption based on
two significant factors which are temperature and humidity. To achieve
this goal, the design of experiments (DOE) and building simulation are
applied. A two-storey house in Malaysia was selected as the case study.
The final result shows that to achieve the optimum value of cooling load
to have a sustained design of green residential buildings all the
significant factors should be placed on a low level which it means that
temperature and humidity should be equal to 20 degrees Celsius and 60%
respectively. |
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Title: |
Application of nano aluminum in modified
EDM: PMEDM |
Author (s): |
A. M. Abdul-Rani, A. M. Nanimina, T. L. Ginta, T. V. V. L. N. Rao and S.
R. Pedapati |
Abstract: |
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of nano aluminum
mixed with electrical discharge machining dielectric on surface
roughness (Ra), corrosion rate and material removal rate (MRR) of
titanium alloy. Conventional machining of titanium alloy is a challenge
even when using non-conventional machining processes such as electrical
discharge machining (EDM). Among the limitations of EDM are machined
surface alteration, induced corrosion, low material removal rate and
residual stress during the EDM process. A newly developed and improved
EDM process known as powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM)
is envisaged able to address some of the above mentioned problems. In
this study, PMEDM machining performance on titanium alloy workpiece
using nano aluminum powder is assessed to investigate its improvement
for biomedical application. Machining process parameters such as
peak-current, ON-time, gap voltage and nano aluminum concentration are
varied when machining biomedical grade titanium alloy. PMEDM although
still is its infancy has shown slight improvement in Ra, corrosion rate
and material removal rate. MRR is improved about more than 33.33% due to
effect of nano aluminum concentration. |
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Title: |
CFD simulation of bubbly Diesel-CNG flow in a
horizontal pipe under the
influence of a magnetic field |
Author (s): |
Hasanain A. Abdul-Wahhab, A. Rashid A. Aziz, Hussain H. Al-Kayiem and
Mohammad S. Nasif |
Abstract: |
The pre-mixing Diesel-CNG was suggested to increase the air quantity
inside the cylinder more than if a mixture of CNG-air is injected in the
engine which may result is a rich mixture, directly. The objective of
the present paper is to study the behavior of gas bubbles in the liquid
fuels and the ways to control the bubbles sizes prior to injection by an
external magnetic field. Numerical simulation of Diesel-CNG bubbly flow
with effecting magnetic field is presented in this paper. The
three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations have been used
to solve the CNG-Diesel two phase flows in 20 mm ID horizontal pipe. The
simulation was carried out using ANSYS fluent software and the flow
field discretization was achieved by Volume-of-fluid method (VOF)
technique. The numerical results showed that CNG bubbles tend to move
toward the upper wall under the buoyancy force effect and these bubbles
grow to a bigger size and expand vertically in the Diesel flow before it
breaks away with effecting magnetic field 0.4 to 0.8 Tesla,
respectively, and the gas volume fraction values increased with noted to
by increasing the magnetic intensity. The laminar behavior of the flow
changed in upper zone from the pipe to increasing gas volume fraction,
while the axial Diesel velocity decreases and the profiles tend to
flatten with increasing of the magnetic field strength. The numerical
results have been validated by comparing the computational results with
experimental results reported in the literature where a good agreement
was achieved. |
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Title: |
Mathematical modeling to evaluate the performance enhancement of solar
updraft power plant by external heat source |
Author (s): |
Mohammed A. Aurybi, Hussain H. Al-Kayeim, Syed I. U. Gilani and Ali A.
Ismaeel |
Abstract: |
Solar Chimney Power Plant (SCPP) is considered one of the stunts
applications for the use of solar energy. The problem lies in this type
of power plant in the low rate of power generation on cloudy days and at
night. In this study, a mathematical model has been introduced, of a
hybrid solar chimney power plant (HSCPP) generating power using solar
energy and external heat source. The external heat source is a hot flue
gases flows in channels called “Thermal Enhancing Channels (TECh)”
located underneath the canopy. Air, as working fluid in the collector,
extracts heat from the channel surface, during the night. This study
also proposed a mathematical model to evaluate the performance of HSCPP.
The results showed that at solar intensity 1000 W/m2, the temperatures
of air inside the collector increased 5.88 % after using the external
heat source when the wall temperature of the TECh was 100oC. Also the
power generation has been enhanced by 23.0%. |
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Title: |
Experimental investigation on the vibration induced by slug flow in
horizontal pipe |
Author (s): |
Zahid I. Al-Hashimy, Hussain H. Al-Kayiem and Rune W. Time |
Abstract: |
Pipes used for transporting produced oil are often experienced two-phase
flows. In particular, the presence of slug flow pattern will cause
generation of transient pressure force and shear exerted on the interior
wall of the pipe. This can cause vibration induced problems. This paper
presents experimental results that enhance the understanding of the
mechanism of fluid structure interaction FSI phenomena, and the nature
of resulted vibration due to slug flows. Vibration measurements were
taken under various slug flow rates. The effects of water superficial
velocities on the vibration characteristics were investigated. The
results showed that the pipe displacements of the vibration increased
gradually with increased water superficial velocities, at a fixed air
superficial velocity, while the predominant frequencies decreased
progressively when the water superficial velocities was increased. In
addition, the average maximum displacements increased by 64 % when the
water superficial velocity increased from 0.65 m/s to 1.0 m/s.
Meanwhile, a decrease of 9 % in the averages of the frequencies was
noticed when the water superficial velocity increased from 0.65 m/s to
1.0 m/s. An investigation of the induced vibration behavior to change in
air superficial velocities is recommended. |
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Title: |
Developed mathematical model of solar thermal parabolic trough power
plant at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS |
Author (s): |
Sanan T. Mohammad, Hussain H. Al-Kayiem and Morteza Khalaji. Assadi |
Abstract: |
This paper presents the conceptual design of a concentrating solar power
plant (CSPP) using Direct Steam Generation method (DSG) in a parabolic
trough solar field located in Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak,
Malaysia. The conceptual design of the CSPP includes selection and
sizing of solar field, power generation cycle, types of working fluids,
sizing of the power block, etc. The conceptual design is based on a
mathematical modeling of the CSPP. In the present solar thermal system,
a turbine is integrated with 1.2 kW generators, and steam is produced by
flow loop energized by solar parabolic trough concentrators. One of the
most significant factors for the successful conceptual design of a CSPP
is aprecisedetermination of the transient solar radiation over the day
and the season. Accordingly, in-situ measurements of the direct normal
irradiance (DNI) has been carried out and used as input to the
mathematical model. As a result of daily and seasonal variation of solar
radiation, the developed model is designed in order to evaluate the
transient behavior of the system and expected power production. |
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Title: |
A comprehensive framework and key performance indicators for maintenance
performance measurement |
Author (s): |
Tahir Raza, Masdi Bin Muhammad and Mohd. Amin Abd Majid |
Abstract: |
Effective maintenance prolongs machine lifetime, enhances equipment
availability and retains the equipment in functional condition. Whereas,
unreliable maintenance may result in more equipment replacement because
of a shorter life. It is important to realize that maintenance function
adds value, although not as obvious as other departments and that it is
an equally important link as other departments. With those consequences,
a good strategy of maintenance is very much needed, which helps to
improve and maintain the productivity, quality and most importantly the
operational cost. But unfortunately, management faces the challenges of
higher maintenance cost, reworks, and unplanned shutdowns due to
ineffective performance measurement and owing to the inappropriate
decision of management. To make sure the plant attains the targeted
performance, maintenance manager requires a better way of maintaining
the performance of maintenance functions. This could only be possible
through the development and implementation of a well-defined maintenance
performance measurement framework and indicators that are capable of
measuring the significant elements like maintenance cost, product
quality, manufacturing performance, etc. The aim of this paper is to
develop a maintenance performance measurement framework which is based
on reliability, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS)
parameters and to show that how to calculate the KPIs related to RAMS an
excel based template which comes together with list of formulas for
every KPI to measure the maintenance performance. This framework will
assist managers to measure the maintenance performance measurement which
helps them to improve the performance of different maintenance
activities and in different areas. |
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Title: |
Comprehensive data collection for root cause failure analysis in oil and
gas industries |
Author (s): |
Umair Ahmed, Hilmi Hussin and Masdi Muhammad |
Abstract: |
Equipment failure that affects plant operations is a major issue in
industries. When equipment fails it causes immense loss to industries in
terms of resources and time, increased maintenance cost and equipment
stoppage. The priority of reliability/maintenance team is to overcome
these failures as soon as possible to avoid further losses. Root cause
failure analysis (RCFA) process is used to identify and stop recurrence
of these failures and data collection is most significant part of this
process. Comprehensive and relevant failure data is crucial to identify
and understand the root causes of a failure accurately. Unavailability
of correct, adequate and sufficient data can lead to undesired results
of RCFA. The purpose of this study is to propose a comprehensive
approach of data collection for equipment failure in oil & gas/process
industries for successful identification and elimination of root causes.
Furthermore, this study has also proposed a template for comprehensive
data collection that can be used to gather sufficient data for equipment
failure investigation. |
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Title: |
Flow dynamics behavior of a novel liquid-liquid hydrocyclone with
varying upper cylindrical lengths and number of inlets |
Author (s): |
H. Osei, H. H. Al-Kayiem and A. B. Osman |
Abstract: |
The use of a liquid-liquid hydrocyclone in the downhole is one the few
environmentally friendly ways by which water production can be limited,
while at the same time ensure maximum recovery. The understanding of the
fluid flow behaviors that bring about better separation and performance
is therefore important and should not be underestimated. This work,
through numerical simulation, studied the effects that the tangential
inlet's and the height of the upper cylindrical section of a
liquid-liquid hydrocyclone have on its hydrodynamics. The results showed
that the single inlet hydrocyclones unlike the twin inlet types are more
prone to producing asymmetrical reversal flow which meanders along the
axis of the hydrocyclone. This can affect the efficiency of separation
if the particles are not well segregated. The single inlet 30 mm upper
cylindrical length (UCL) hydrocyclone produced the highest velocity
fields that could ensure better fluid swirling and rotation, and the
greatest upward core flowing pressure that could ensure better
transportation of the lighter fraction concentrated at the core.
Therefore, the single inlet hydrocyclone with 30 mm UCL is the best
among the studied cyclonic separator types and its use for downhole
oil/water separation can enhance the problem of excessive water
production. |
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Title: |
Effect of bauxite residue loading on heat shielding performance of an
ammonium polyphosphate based epoxy intumescent system |
Author (s): |
Arogundade A. I., Megat-Yusoff P. S. M., Ahmad F., Bhat A. H. and Gillani
Q. F. |
Abstract: |
Bauxite residue (BR) is the aluminosilicate waste generated by the
alumina industry. Its disposal has become a global industrial problem.
Preliminary study has recognized its potential as synergistic filler in
intumescent system. In this work, the effect of percent weight of the
residue on the heat shielding performance of the system was
investigated. Different formulations were prepared by varying filler
loading from 0 to 5%. Performance characterization of the coatings were
done by using Furnace test to determine the char expansion at 500°C and
Bunsen burner test to determine insulative capacity at 900 + 100°C.
Thermogravimetric analysis was used as analytical tool. The presence of
hydrated minerals in BR and early dehydroxylation of layered silicates
were found to have a marked effect on heat shielding and flame spread.
The effect of dehydroxylation appeared optimal at 2% BR influencing the
melt rheology, improving insulative efficiency and reducing the flame
spread. A steel back temperature of 172°C was recorded compared to that
of the unfilled with 267°C. Excessive dehydroxylation at 4% BR led to
high mass loss and early oxidation of char. The combined endothermic
action of the hydrates and calcites and physical thermal barrier of the
ceramic metal phosphates resulted in improved heat shielding performance
and flame retardation of the BR-filled epoxy intumescent systems. |
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Title: |
Comparative critique on the performance evaluation of a solar – air
heater for natural updraft solar system |
Author (s): |
Ali A. Ismaeel, Hussain H. Al-Kayeim, Aklilu T. Baheta and Mohammed A.
Aurybi |
Abstract: |
This paper presents a mathematical model and discusses the influence of
several convection heat transfer correlations and thermal efficiency
schemes that have been commonly discussed in the literature regarding
the performance of solar updraft system to choose the optimum forms
conforming to the investigational result of the Spanish prototype.
Hence, it is evident from the results of the study that the heat
transfer coefficient correlation utilized by Kroger and Burger in 2004
was so close to the Manzanares experimental data. Also, the thermal
efficiency equation used by Schlaich in 1996 is recommended to calculate
the solar air heater collector’s efficiency. |
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Title: |
Dispersion of carbon black in epoxy resin and the electrical property of
the nanocomposite |
Author (s): |
Raphael Joshua Mailabari, Othman Mamat and Zeeshan Baig |
Abstract: |
The enhanced property of nanocomposite depends largely on the physical
property of the dispersed nanoparticle and the state of dispersion of
the nanoparticle, a well-dispersed structure generally results in
additional enviable nanocomposite properties. In this paper, the carbon
black nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, SEM, FESEM, TEM and
SAP/BET techniques to establish the morphology and other physical
properties of the particle. The CB nanoparticles were dispersed in epoxy
resin using a combination of different dispersion techniques to obtain
an epoxy resin nanocomposite with a network of carbon black conducting
particle. The electrical properties of the nanocomposite were measured
with respect to the %wt loading of CB and the percolation threshold was
found to be 20 – 25 %wt of CB. The electrical resistivity of the
nanocomposite was found to be influenced by the size of the
nanoparticles, morphology and the loading content of the CB
nanoparticles. |
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Title: |
A review of optical flow models applied for fluid motion estimation |
Author (s): |
Osman A. B., Ovinis M., Osei H. and Hashim F. M.
|
Abstract: |
Fluid flow estimation from image sequences is a challenging due to the
large and complex nature of fluid flow. In this work, 36 papers on
optical flow models applied for fluid motion estimation from 1980 to
2015 have been reviewed. The advantages and weaknesses of the optical
flow models are discussed in detail. To improve the accuracy of the
optical flow models, the principle of two multi-resolution schemes is
discussed. The employment of higher order models provides more accurate
motion vectors than the use of the standard optical flow model; however,
it suffers from computational complexity. The use of the
multi-resolution framework such as wavelet decomposition will reduce
this complexity, as well as improve estimation accuracy. |
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Title: |
Effect of heat treatment on corrosion behavior of weld deposited
Co-Cr-Mo alloy |
Author (s): |
Mantrala Kedar Mallik, Srinivasa Rao, V. V. S. Kesava Rao and Abdul
Munaf Sk. |
Abstract: |
Co-Cr-Mo samples are prepared with weld deposition method using proper
process parameters and polished for mirror finish. By applying L9
orthogonal array of Taguchi method, nine sets of samples are
solutionized at 1200OC for 30, 45 and 60 minutes in three groups. Two
groups are further aged at 815OC and 830OC for 2, 4 and 6 hours. The
corrosion resistance tests were conducted and analyzed. Tafel plots are
drawn and from the readings obtained, corrosion current density and
corrosion potential values are identified. Grey relational analysis and
ANOVA are applied for analysis of the results. The results revealed that
the corrosion resistance exhibited by the weld deposited Co-Cr-Mo alloy
samples is at par with as-cast samples and highest corrosion resistance
of samples is observed on the samples solutionized for 45min but not
aged which indicates that the corrosion resistance is further enhanced
by proper heat treatment. |
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Title: |
Using fluid Structure Interaction technique to investigate the effect of
vibration on bileaflet mechanical heart valve deformation |
Author (s): |
S. K. Kadhim, M. S. Nasif, H. H. Al-Kayiem and R. Al Waked |
Abstract: |
Fluid-Structure
Interaction computer simulation technique is used to
study effect of vibration due to blood flow on bileaflet mechanical
heart valves structure including the deflection connection in the pin of
the valve. This technique is used is to predict the deformation of the
bileaflet mechanical heart valve structure, which occurs due to the
heart beats. Five heartbeat models were used in this study which is 80,
90, 100, 110, and 120 BPM at variable leaflet angles of 25o, 63o and
85o. To determine the deformation, the equivalent (von-Mises) stress at
the connection pin of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve were calculated
and compared with the equivalent (von-Mises) stress of the connection
pin in the literature. It was found when the heartbeat increased from 80
BPM to 120 BPM, 62 % increase in von-Mises stress values were recorded
at the valve connection pin at a fully closed angle of 25°. The increase
in heartbeat periodically for the lifetime may weaken the valve’s
connecting pin and housing, which may cause damage to the bileaflet
mechanical heart valve components. |
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Title: |
Investigation on the influence of collector height on the performance of
solar chimney power plant |
Author (s): |
Sundus S. Al-Azawiey, Hussain H. Al-Kayiem and S. B. Hassan |
Abstract: |
The solar chimney power plant (SCPP) has the potential of converting
solar energy indirectly to electrical energy using a combination of
greenhouse technology, chimney technology, wind turbine and a generator.
The present paper presents results of investigation on the performance
of a prototype SCPP at different canopy height at constant chimney
diameter and height of 0.32 m and 6.3 m, respectively. The investigation
was conducted experimentally using an experimental model designed,
fabricated, and subjected to measurements under Malaysia weather
conditions. The experimental SCPP model has a collector diameter of 3 m
and the absorbing medium was black painted pebbles while the transparent
canopy was made of Perspex. The investigations were carried out for
different canopy heights, above the absorber at the inlet section, of
0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 m. The selected performance parameters for
comparison were the air stream temperature in the collector, the mass
flow rate created in the system measured at the chimney base, and the
system efficiency during the day. The results have shown that the lowest
canopy height, 0.05 m performed better than the other tested heights. It
is recommended to extend the investigation by studying the system
performance under various collector diameters. |
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Title: |
Application of modularity in a piston pump assembly line of a hydraulic
system |
Author (s): |
Abdul Munaf Shaik, V. V. S. Kesava Rao, Srinivasa Rao and M. Kedar
Mallik |
Abstract: |
Modularity refers to products that fulfill various functions through the
combination of distinct modules, processes and resources. Modularity
plays an important role in assembly lines. An assembly line is that
which consists of a number of work stations arranged along a
transportation line such as a conveyor belt. In the present work an
assembly line of Piston pump in a hydraulic system has been selected for
analysis. Assembling times at individual stations during different times
of a day have been recorded and analyzed. It has been observed that
during the process some of the stations are running idle for some time.
To fix the problem of wasting time, the total assembly line has been
simulated using the Flexsim software. Modularity has been applied in the
simulation and the results were analyzed. Observing positive response
from simulation, the same has been experimented on the assembly line.
The results were compared and found to be successful in increasing the
total components assembled by decreasing the idle time of the stations.
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Title: |
A modeling study by artificial neural network on process parameter
optimization for silver nanoparticle production |
Author (s): |
Silvia Chowdhury, Faridah yusof, Nadzril Sulaiman, Shahrul Naim Bin
Sidek and Mohammad Omer Faruck |
Abstract: |
Artificial neural network (ANN) is the most accepted method for
non-parametric modelling and process optimization of chemical
engineering. The paper focuses on using ANN to analyse the yield
production rate of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The study examines the
effect of AgNO3 concentration, stirring time and tri-sodium citrate
concentration on the production of AgNPs yield. The yield of AgNPs was
modelled and optimized as a function of three independent variables.
Furthermore, assessment of the model through the coefficient of
determination (R2 = 0.9778) and mean square error (MSE) showed that the
optimized production conditions were found at 1mM AgNO3 concentration,15
min of stirring time and 1% tri-sodium citrate. Optimal and maximal
AgNPs production were 20.62 (Area*) of yield experimentally, which was
calculated using area under the curve from UV-vis analysis in the wave
length range of 350 nm to 420 nm. Meanwhile, under the same conditions,
the ANN predicted value is 19.84 (Area*) of AgNPs yield with 3.95%
error. Besides that, the ANN model was employed to construct an output
surface plot to reveal the impact of input variable as well as figure
out the interaction effect and clear representation of optimized
condition. Synthesized AgNPs at optimized condition (absorbance 0.93AU
at 420 nm wavelength) were then characterized using Field Emission
Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and UV-vis analysis. |
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Title: |
Empirical modeling of hydrate formation prediction in deepwater
pipelines |
Author (s): |
F. M. Hashim and A. Abbasi |
Abstract: |
Gas hydrate is a challenging problem in deep-water natural gas
transmission lines. Temperature, pressure, and composition of gas
mixtures in deep-water pipeline promote rapid formation of gas hydrates.
The petroleum industry spends millions of dollars yearly to minimize the
effects of hydrate formation on flow assurance. In this scenario, on the
basis of experimental data from Sloan and Avlonits work, an artificial
intelligence (AI) for methane gas hydrate of deepwater gas pipelines has
been developed. This model is based on temperature and pressure
conditions. The correlations between temperature and pressure are
developed by using MATLAB software and then optimize with optimization
techniques, such as genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization.
All correlations are computed with the existing experimental work and it
satisfies that the new correlation has the minimum error with high
accuracy. |
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Title: |
Prototype development of Thermoelectric Generator
System for exhaust
heat recovery of an automobile |
Author (s): |
Mior A. Said, D. Bong, M.S. Mohd. and S.S. Dol |
Abstract: |
In this study, a Thermoelectric Generator System (TEG) for exhaust heat
recovery was developed and tested in a commercial small passenger
automobile. The current phase of development is still in prototype mode,
where the TEG was designed and then tested in a Perodua Myvi car in an
idle condition. The main components of the designed TEG system consist
of heat source recovery, insulator, TEG panel and heat sink. The TEG was
placed at the ideal location on the exhaust system based on the optimum
temperature condition of the TEG panel which is in the range of
150-250°C and sufficient space for the TEG system. Based from the TEG
performance test results, it indicates that for an idle car condition,
the maximum power output of 36.4 W can be obtained. A MATLAB Simulink
simulation was performed to predict the extent of TEG performance in the
Perodua Myvi car with driving condition under a variable load of an
urban daily drive schedule (UDDS) cycle. The simulation results shows
that the TEG system can produce an average of 258 W of power output and
the total amount of energy recovered is 7, 586 kJ/cycle. In comparison
with the estimated amount of waste heat dissipated in exhaust gas, only
4.7 percent of energy is recovered. However, the amount of power
produced is sufficient to provide auxiliary power requirement for some
of the electrical systems in the vehicle. |
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Title: |
Design and implementation of cooking oil and water filtration system for
domestic application |
Author (s): |
Dhanakkumar Sudiskumar, Firas B. Ismail, Mohammad Shakir Nasif |
Abstract: |
Piping is an important system within any premise. Without a proper
piping system, daily activities would be disrupted. As such kitchens are
one of the premises that utilise water in large amounts. However, there
are a lot of oily content in the waste water that is being flushed away
in the sink of a kitchen. As a result, this oily content slowly builds
up on the wall of the pipeline slowly forming greasy layer eventually
causing pipe blockage. The greasy layer also attracts solid waste that
is being disposed in the sink that forms large clumps within the
pipeline which makes the blockage even worse. Within this study a new
method was adopted in order to prevent these types of blockages. A
mechanism that utilises hydro cyclone as the separator will be used to
prevent the blockages from happening. The idea is to separate the oily
content of the water from the waste water before it enters the exit
pipeline. The concept was tested by running simulation using
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The major outcome of the system was
that it is capable of functioning at an efficiency of 83% with very
minimal oil content at the water exit. This 83% denotes the amount of
oil that is passing through the oil exit of the system. The rest of the
17% is water. These values are to be improved in future works. |
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Title: |
Finite element analysis of stress variation along the depth of gear
tooth |
Author (s): |
Saravanan Karuppanan and Santosh S. Patil |
Abstract: |
Gear system is one of the most important components in any mechanical
power transmission system. A gear pair in action is generally subjected
to contact loading at the mating surface. In this paper, the stresses
due to contact loading have been evaluated on the surface of gear tooth
and along the gear tooth depth. The spur gear was considered for this
study for two different loading conditions, torques of 150 Nm and 200
Nm. The involutes profile of the spur gear was generated using an ANSYS
APDL program prior to spur gear model development. The finite element
analysis was carried out using ANSYS 15. The Finite Element Method (FEM)
was comparatively an easy and accurate technique for analysing the
nonlinear gear contact stresses. Frictional coefficients ranging from
0.0 until 0.3 were selected and the corresponding contact stresses were
found to be directly proportional to the friction coefficients. A
governing equation for the relationship between the dimensionless
contact stress values and gear tooth depth ratios for varying friction
coefficients was established. The results showed that the maximum stress
was located beneath the surface of the gear tooth in contact for low
friction coefficient values, ? < 0.23. The stress trend remains the same
for ? > 0.23 but the surface stress becomes greater than the stresses
beneath the surface. Furthermore, the position of maximum stress along
the depth of contact was unchanged regardless of the amount of torque
applied and frictional coefficient values. |
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Title: |
Thermodynamic analysis of adsorption cooling cycle using consolidated
composite adsorbents - ethanol pairs |
Author (s): |
Animesh Pal, Ibrahim I. El-Sharkawy, Bidyut Baran Saha, Khairul Habib,
Takahiko Miyazaki and Shigeru Koyama |
Abstract: |
This study deals with the thermodynamic analysis of adsorption cooling
cycle using consolidated composite adsorbents-ethanol pairs. The studied
composites are named as composite A (50% Maxsorb III, 40% expanded
graphite (EG), 10% binder) and composite C (70% Maxsorb III, 20%
expanded graphite (EG), 10% binder). The Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) and
Dubinin Astakhov (D-A) equation are used to draw
pressure-temperature-concentration (P-T-W) diagrams of the assorted
pairs. The specific cooling effect (SCE) and coefficient of performance
(COP) of both pairs have been simulated for desorption temperatures
ranging from 40 to 90 ºC at different evaporator temperatures along with
a heat sink at 30 ºC by considering a time independent thermodynamic
model. The maximum COPs of composite A-ethanol and composite C-ethanol
based cooling systems are found to be 0.69 and 0.765, respectively. |
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Title: |
Thermodynamic analysis of a single cylinder crank-rocker engine |
Author (s): |
Salah E. Mohammed, M. B. Baharom and A. Rashid A. Aziz |
Abstract: |
A thermodynamic model for the simulation of a single curved-cylinder
crank-rocker engine which operates on gasoline fuel is presented. The
thermodynamic model is based on the single and two-zone heat release
models. The general model was expanded to include friction losses as a
function of engine speed and combustion efficiencies at different
operating points. The model was developed in MATLAB to predict engine
performance and efficiencies on a motorcycle engine. The calculated data
is then used to plot various thermodynamic parameters and the engine
performances with respect to crank angle. The engines volume, indicated
cylinder pressure, heat release rate, pressure-volume diagram, and
engine brake torque have been evaluated at different crank angle
positions. The results from the simulation model were plotted and
compared with existing data. It was found that for the same engine
capacity, the performance of the crank-rocker engine was better than the
slider-crank engine when both utilized the same injection timing. |
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Title: |
Flow control in S-shaped aggressive diffuser using grooves on the inner
and outer surfaces |
Author (s): |
Raed A. Jessam, Hussain H. Al-Kayiem and Mohammad S. Nasif |
Abstract: |
This paper presents CFD simulation results for S-shaped aggressive
diffuser to establish grooves effectiveness in improving the flow
patterns. Grooves have been proposed perpendicular to the flow direction
in different planes along the aggressive diffuser. The simulated flow
field was generated within a normal S-shaped diffuser with curvature of
45°/45°, and then simulated for aggressive diffuser with 30o/30o by
reducing the total length by 22%. CFD simulation was performed, under 3D
assumption, on both normal and aggressive diffusers, as well as with and
without grooves, through ANSYS-FLUENT 16.2 software. The renormalized
group k–e model was used to simulate the turbulence. The simulation
results were validated and were consistent with the findings of previous
experimental and numerical studies. Results obtained in the current
study indicated that the combination of grooves could effectively
control the flow distortion in S-shaped aggressive diffusers. Predicted
performance parameters, such as the coefficients of static pressure
recovery and total pressure loss, suggested that the performance of the
grooves was able to enhance the pressure recovery by 18.2% and total
loss coefficient was reduced by 5.75% in comparison with the case of
aggressive diffuser without grooves. |
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Title: |
Adsorption cooling system employing activated carbon/HFC410A adsorption
pair |
Author (s): |
Ahmed Askalany, Khairul Habib, M. Ghazy and Morteza K. Assadi |
Abstract: |
This paper presents operation conditions and performance of an
adsorption cooling system employing activated carbon powder (ACP)/HFC410a
adsorption pair. The system has been modelled and simulated numerically
and the effect of changing the operating conditions has been studied.
The system is driven by a low grade heat source of temperature below
80ºC and effectively exploits solar heat and/or waste sources to drive
the system. Results indicate that ACP/HFC410A is able to achieve
specific cooling power (SCP) and coefficient of performance (COP) values
of about 0.2 kW/kg and 0.3 respectively at 350 K regeneration
temperature and 387 K evaporator temperature. |
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Title: |
Influences of tool pin profile on the Friction
stir welding of AA6061 |
Author (s): |
S. Emamian, M. Awang, P. Hussai, Bahman Meyghani and Adeel Zafar |
Abstract: |
AA6061 aluminum alloy is very useful material in the light weight
fabrication. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state joining
process that is feasible for this material. Appropriate pin profiles and
tool design can generate proper heat and mixing the plasticized
materials. In this study AA6061-T6 used as a base metal and H13 steel is
selected for fabrication of different pin profiles. Four pin profiles
used to fabricate joints with different rotation and traverse speed.
Obtained results showed that threaded cylindrical produced better
joints. Furthermore, increasing the FSW speeds has influence on tensile
strength. |
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Title: |
CFD analysis of swirly flow field in conical and cylindrical cyclones
for deoiling applications |
Author (s): |
M. A. M. Nor, H. H. Al-Kayiem and T. A. Lemma |
Abstract: |
Hydrocyclone is a key purifying component in deoiling process as it is
passive, requires low maintenance and has a small footprint. Many
studies have been dedicated to the widely used design being the counter
current cyclone. Concurrent on the other hand receives less attention
and the geometrical shape studied only focuses on cylindrical body. To
the author's knowledge, conical body has yet to be studied which
prompted this investigation. In this study, numerical method using ANSYS
FLUENT is employed to study the flow field differences of conical and
cylindrical concurrent cyclones such as on tangential and axial
velocities and recirculation region at 45° and 72° fluid swirl angles.
Analyses have shown that conical cyclone increases average tangential
velocity by 6.4% and 16.3% at 45° and 51.1% and 34.2% at 72° (sampled at
25% and 75% lengths respectively) compared to cylindrical one. Axial
velocity improvements to the outlets of 58.8% and 32.1% at 45° and 58.9%
and 62.9% at 72° on average are registered at 25% and 75% length
respectively. Recirculation in conical is also thinner and shorter and
the presence of reverse flow at the annulus outlet is not detected
compared to cylindrical cyclone. These improvements are beneficial for
droplet separation for achieving high efficiency. |
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Title: |
Characterization and study of char performance of glass wool and
rockwool hybrid fibre reinforced intumescent coatings |
Author (s): |
N. Amir, A. N. A. Jalil and F. Ahmad |
Abstract: |
Intumescent fire retardant coating is widely used in the industry for
protecting steel from high temperature and fire incident. The coating’s
application can be found in the oil and gas industries especially in the
offshore structures due to its ability to withstand high temperature and
severe weather. However, char strength of the existing intumescent
coating can be further improved by fibre reinforcement. Previously,
various researches on intumescent coating were conducted using single
fibre with limited study on the hybrid fibre reinforced intumescent
coating. The project examined the effects of adding hybrid fibres,
exploring the mechanical and char characteristics in increasing the fire
performance of the coating. The study was focused on adding glass wool
fibre (G) and Rockwool fibre (R) as the hybrid reinforcement using two
fibre lengths; 6 mm and 12 mm, and at 10% by weight percentage with
three combinations of 3:7, 5:5 and 7:3. The investigation involved
determination of potential fire resistance of the hybrid fibre
reinforced intumescent coatings at various compositions and lengths of
the fibres. The properties and performance of the coatings were based on
the chars developed by the coatings in the furnace test. The coatings
and their chars were characterized using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Finally, the chars produced were
tested for strength performance test. In summary increased in the
Rockwool fibre from 3% to 7% in the hybrid fibres content had produced
higher char expansion (by 15.7%), lower weight loss (by 22.8%) as well
as better char performance against loading (by 37%). |
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Title: |
Structure formation of geopolymer perlite
binder vs. type of alkali activating agent |
Author (s): |
Kozhukhova N. I., Chizhov R. V.,
Zhernovsky I. V. and Strokova V. V. |
Abstract: |
Origins and genetic characteristics of raw materials as well as features
of their preliminary preparation and production process are the basic
factors when formation of structural and mineral features of geopolymer
binders. In framework of this research, a wide range of experiments were
carried out to study the influence of different factors on formation of
phase composition and microstructure of perlite based geopolymer system.
The character of degree of dispersion variation of perlite when its
mechanoactivation taking into account a duration of grinding process as
well as a type of grinding machine is determined. The application of
alkalis and alkali salts is providing a high-basic medium in water
solution as activating agent in geopolymer systems; is differently
effects on perlite solution. The hardening mechanism as well as new
formations when perlite geopolymer binder hardening is determined. The
features of hardening process as well as structure formation of
geopolymer system are recognized according to data of its phase-mineral
composition and strength characteristics. |
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Title: |
Event recognition on images using support
vector machine and Multi-Level Histograms of local patterns |
Author (s): |
Bassel Zeno, Dmitry Yudin and Bassel
Alkhatib |
Abstract: |
Event
recognition on images plays important role in the context of events
search and review, archiving and storage of photos, advertising, media.
Paper presents a classification system based on texture features
(Multi-Level Histogram of Color Multi-Scale Local Binary Pattern and
Local Derivative Pattern) and support vector machine (SVM). For
classification process authors use several SVM classifiers and compare
their results. Three classifiers are tested: "Liblinear", "LibSVM", "Pagasos".
Training and test samples are taken from "Media Eval 2013" set of
annotating images. The result precision of event recognition varies from
66.75% to 93.75% and the best classifier in terms of AUC metric is "Liblinear"
with local binary pattern. Developed image classification system can be
used in many applications, for example in internet services, robotics,
automated control systems of technological processes where image scenes
should be recognized. |
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Title: |
Dynamic simulation of combined extremum-seeking
control system for grinding-mixing unit automatic vibration suppression |
Author (s): |
Dmitry Alexandrovich Bushuev, Vasiliy
Grigorievich Rubanov and Dmitry Valeryevich Velichko |
Abstract: |
The
study describes the dynamic simulation of the combined extremum-seeking
control system of automatic vibration suppression of the centrifugal
grinding-mixing unit, including extremum-seeking controller and program
system with training. A virtual prototype of the unit is presented. It
is shown that the virtual prototype has a similar vibrational frequency
spectrum of the support column and the trajectory of movement of
grinding bodies of the centrifugal grinding-mixing unit
experimental-industrial sample. The mathematical description of the
non-linear plant is presented in the form of Wiener by fitting the data
obtained by simulation of the virtual prototype work. The functional
block diagram, algorithm and model of the extremum-seeking control
combined system in MATLAB/Simulink software where the plant is given in
the form of a polynomial second-degree static map, with drifting
parameters and dynamic part are presented. The results of simulation the
proposed combined extremum-seeking control system for automatic
vibration suppression of centrifugal grinding-mixing unit are shown. |
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Title: |
Method of determination of vibrating
screens' oscillation's amplitude in a characteristic point for plane
motion |
Author (s): |
Michail Dmitrievish Gerasimov, Oleg
Vitalievish Mkrtychev, Sergey Nikolaevish Glagolev, Dmitriy Michailovish
Gerasimov and Sergey Sergeevich Latyishev |
Abstract: |
Traditional designs of vibrating screens have a uniform field of
amplitude over the entire surface of the sorting surface generally.
Thus, the oscillation amplitude has the same value over the entire
sieving surface, or a constant value in each point of the sieving
surface. This phenomenon poses a number of problems of sorting of bulk
materials, which, ultimately, do not allow to obtain maximum efficiency
of the screening process. In recent years developers and manufacturers
of industrial screening equipment strive to create the conditions under
which it is possible to change the point of application of the driving
force, the direction of its operation and value. This sorting process
allows you to create amplitude fluctuations of different size on the
plane of the sieve of change of state of the sorted material. The
grading efficiency of such screens is expected to be much higher both in
absolute and specific indicators. |
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Title: |
The technological heredity in the
manufacture of the metallopolymeric build-forming molds |
Author (s): |
Nikolaj Sergeevich Ljubimyj, Mihail
Sergeevich Chepchurov, Boris Sergeevich Chetverikov, Natal'ja
Aleksandrovna Tabekina and Evgenii Ivanovich Evtushenko |
Abstract: |
The
article deals with the problem of the technological heredity in the
manufacture of plastic products in a mold with the metallopolymeric
build-forming. The analysis of the hereditary connections and
elements-carriers of hereditary information is done, the result of which
is a certain system of graph, which essence is explained by the
corresponding pattern. The experiment by the definition of influence of
separate elements of hereditary system on a finished product is given.
The influence of time of mixing of the metallopolymeric composition on
its air saturation is investigated. The experiment by the definition of
indicators of the thermal conductivity of the metallopolymeric
composition, that has a significant impact on technological process of
molding of plastic, was made. The analysis to the obtained data during
experiment is also given. The solutions to eliminate the negative
properties of the elements of the system of inheritance discovered
during experiments have been proposed. Thus, by authors it is proven
that application of the degassing in the manufacture of the
metallopolymeric. |
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Title: |
Magnesium fine-aggregate concretes based
on integrated use of technogenic materials |
Author (s): |
Olga Aleksandrovna Miryuk, Valentina
Ivanovna Belyaeva and Ivan Nikolaevich Borisov |
Abstract: |
The
opportunity of integrated use of skarn-magnetite ore concentration waste
as a filler for magnesium binder and fine-aggregate filler has been
determined. The formulas of fine-aggregate structure concretes on the
base of blended magnesium binder and technogenic filler have been
designed. The determining influence of the filler s fractional
composition on the technological properties of moulding materials,
structure and physical-mechanical characteristics of composite material
has been shown. By method of mathematical planning of the experiment the
fractional composition of technogenic filler for fine-aggregate
magnesium concretes has been optimized. The preferability of the
moulding material preparation method, implying the initial blending of
the filler with saline gauging liquid and the subsequent introduction of
the binder, has been substantiated. The technological scheme of
wasteless processing of granular technogenic materials with obtaining
artificial sands and fine-dispersed powders for binding composites has
been developed. |
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Title: |
Computer simulation of movements of the
hexapod robot for 3D printing of building products |
Author (s): |
Larisa Alexandrovna Rybak, Dmitry
Ivanovich Malyshev, Lusine Hornikova Virabyan and Galina Valeryevna
Bocharnikova |
Abstract: |
The
article considers the construction of a mathematical model of the
dynamics of the mechanism with parallel kinematics by the example of
hexapod, and the use of simulation based with 3D-model. When
constructing a mathematical model of the dynamics equations of motion of
the platform is written in the form of Lagrange equations. Checking the
correctness of the model implemented in MATLAB package using SimMechanic
modules. During the simulation obtained graphs of position coordinates
of the center of the platform from time to time and hexapods rods
positioning errors. We also consider the problem of modeling the
movements performed by the robot hexapod for the implementation of
additive technologies. They assume layered volume 3D-press products or
the production of coatings in construction. Synthesized algorithms for
the realization of reciprocating and rotational movements of the output
link. |
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