Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) is a tool for analyzing thermal where the mass change of test material is measured in proportion to temperature rise and time function (with constant temperature rise rate). TGA is usually used to determine the material characteristics such as polymer. The loss curve of the polymer mass can be used to determine the decomposition of the material, the point of loss of weight, and to calculate the activation energy. This research uses Q500 series Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), with 3 (three) types of polymer materials i.e. PVC, Polypropylene, and Melamine. There are also tests of the above-mentioned polymer types which have been pre-treated thereby further referred to as PVC (x), PP (x), and Melamine (x). The results showed that the heat treatment given before the TGA test had a negative and significant impact on PVC and PP polymer materials, but not significantly against Melamine. Obtained activation energy value from each test material that is E = 66.27 kJ/mol for PVC (x) and E = 63.93 kJ/mol for PVC. E = 62.30 kJ/mol for PP (x) and E = 69.55 kJ/mol for PP. E = 47.40 kJ/mol for Melamine (x) and E = 46.14 kJ/mol for Melamine.

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The Nigerian grass waste was used as an adsorbent for removing cobalt and zinc from the wastewater. The adsorption studies were conducted in single and binary solution. The waste was treated with sulphuric acid to enhance the properties like pore volume, particle size and surface area. The equilibrium data from the single component mode were checked with different models to investigate the adsorption mechanism. The equilibrium data were following Langmuir isotherm for cobalt and zinc. The adsorption in the binary solution mode showed synergism signifying that the addition of a component to a system increases the total adsorption capacity of the system.

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The study is to find the optimum weld parameter in a 3-layer spot welding. The materials used in this research are the most common materials found in the body of a car, which were galvanneal, SPCC and Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS). The stacking orientation of the materials were done similar to the stacking orientation in a side structure assembly of a car. Full factorial DOE method were conducted, using 3 factors with 2 levels. The factors were of 3 different parameters; weld current weld time and electrode pressure. The responses used were nugget size and tensile strength. The results had shown that the most important factor which affect the nugget size and tensile strength was weld current, followed by weld time and electrode pressure. The optimum weld parameter for the 3-layer spot welding was also obtained, which were 10kA, 20 cycles and 2.0bar for the weld current, weld time and electrode pressure.

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This article examines the properties of new aluminum alloys based on the Al-Si-Mg system with different Mg contents for eutectic silumins. The data obtained was used for computer modeling on ProCAST software of the low-pressure casting of automotive wheels from new and serial alloys. The quality of the castings was subsequently analyzed. It was established that eutectic silumins with a Mg content of 0.25% has the best performance properties combination. Introducing these findings into industrial processes will increase efficiency to 5%.

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The implementation of obstacle avoidance system is important application for robotics and in generally is most part used in many applications such as, security or military. This project applied by utilized FPGA platform (DE0-nano Board). The robot can distinguish the obstacle by using ultrasonic sensor (HRLV-MaxSonar). Perception approach and motion planning is the most basic part in this project. Ultrasonic was utilized to detect any obstacle while, the DE0-Nano board is the project platform and the characteristic of FPGA offer programmability and makes it easier to implement on different mobile robot platforms. The Sensor was integrated with the DE0-Nano board. In this project a structure VHDL coding is utilized for design the obstacle avoidance and Quartus II 13.0sp1 as a development CAD tool. The implementation of complex obstacle avoidance with FPGA platform (DE0-Nano) is possible because of the rich logic elements. A specific sensor characteristics testing was carried and robot stability to master these sensor and robot. The result for our project that already got shown the frequency for DE0-nano achieved up to 1.3 GHz, also the total logic elements was used for this project is 4,042 and shown the result for ultrasonic sensor is a high precision and higher accuracy for detection the obstacle and avoids it.

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Nd, Cr, Ce: YAG nano powders were synthesized via sol gel co precipitation method and commercial mixing method. Both powders were calcined at 900°C - 1100 °C. Further the crystals were subjected to vacuum sintering from 1700 °C - 1750°C for 8h - 20h. The effects of calcinations and sintering on the nano -structure was studied by SEM, EDAX, TEM, TGA-DSC. UV spectroscopy was studied to illustrate the optical properties of crystals. SEM morphology showed soft powder with spherical shape of particle size >90 nm as seen in the TEM images too. After sintering the crystal showed high compact with mainly one phase and very small in number and size of pores. The EDX analysis showed the %Y/Al= 0.6 near the theoretical value and the XRD sharp peak confirmed YAG formation. The TGA-DSC curve showed thermal behavior of the crystal and temperature of formation for YAG was nearly 750 °C. The optical property was studied by UV spectroscopy. The absorbance maxima at 0.5 appeared around 300 nm and a band area of multiple peaks for Nd, Cr, Ce: YAG was illustrated.

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This paper presents the explicit third order, third stage stochastic Runge-Kutta method for providing a solution to stochastic point kinetic equations for various forms of reactivity, considering one and six groups of delayed neutron precursors. Point kinetic equations are a set of non-linear stochastic differential equations, which are resolved by the method proposed in each instant of time. Calculation is made of the mean values and the standard deviation of the neutron density and the concentration of delayed neutron precursors in the proposed numerical experiments. The results obtained are compared with other methods reported in literature, confirming that the method is efficient and accurate for studying the dynamics of a point nuclear reactor.

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The Mediterranean Bypass road in the North of Morocco is frequently subject to landslides. In this paper, the case of Jebha is studied to deduce trigger factors and then to suggest reinforcement solutions. Between the PK5+300 and PK6+000, a slip of the slope is occurred even if it was stabilized during project work. To analyse soil consistency, geotechnical recognition is established. Based on material characteristics, slope mechanism model is done using 2D finite elements modelling using Plaxis software. Results show that vulnerable geotechnical nature of materials, rugged topography and saturated soil in El Jebha cause slippage. Therefore, to ensure safe traffic flow comfortably, solutions of reinforcement are proposed.

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In this article, noise reduction in power line communications (PLC) was studied with the aim to improve its bit error rate (BER) and throughput performance by mitigating the harmful effects of impulsive noise. To this end, a noise reduction technique based on hybrid forward error correction (FEC)-Least Mean Square (LMS) filtering is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid FEC-LMS method shows significant improvement over the conventional FEC method and adaptive LMS filtering method in terms of BER and throughput.

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This paper entitled Development of Smart Dustbin by using Apps. Arduino as a controller between ultrasonic sensors, buzzer, led, fan and WiFi Module. This system implemented so that cleaning department management or cleaners can be aware with the overflow of rubbish of a dustbin at certain place. It is very useful in daily life and important for all level of people either young, old, disable people or anyone who using the dustbin to throw rubbish. This is a very important system to be implemented mainly at the indoor buildings such as supermarket. The project started to work when there is a people coming near to the dustbin to throw rubbish where it will be detected by the ultrasonic sensor and motor will be open the cover of the dustbin. The level of rubbish inside can be seen through the Blynk Apps. Once the level of rubbish reached a certain level a reminder notification will be send to the cleaning department to give a warning that dustbin going to be full. Another notification will be send once the level of rubbish reached maximum level to take immediate action to collect the rubbish through the Bylnk Apps and buzzer started to give beep sound.

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The occurrence of defects and the degree of incidence of cast during production of light alloy wheels by the method of low-pressure die casting depends on a large number of factors. One of the most frequent and difficult to detect (without destructive testing) defects is the turning of oxide spot. Its causes may include a wide range of variations in the composition of the raw materials, technology of alloy preparation and casting conditions. The negative impact on the product quality increasing amount of defective goods and economic losses. Solution to the problem is to use a special release coating with prescribed physicochemical properties. An experiment with coatings was carried out under production conditions, the cast weight - 12.5 kg.

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Abstract:

Unlike the conventional Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) can agree much more users by the no orthogonal available source allocation the maximizing energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) in Massive multi-input–multi-output systems (MIMO) are the most critical to get higher spectrum efficiency and battery-saving technology to diverse use high data traffic in next-fifth generation (5G). We first must understand the idea of this system of NOMA to use in the radio access in the future for 5G technology. Whereas is necessary to achieving SE and EE without immolation of the quality of service (QoS) on mobile devices. The Performance of ES and EE can be achieved when the all antennas available are used. Then we furnish with the basis for both downlink and uplink, also explain how the network can use the best capacity. Also we research of effect incomplete the receivers in doing on the NOMA networks. At last, our research of SE on the networks that use with the relations to EE. We explain the networks with NOMA better than MA expression, in the total capacity, the maximizing EE and SE. The study aim is discussing how can obtain a high SE and maximizing EE with the reduce power consumed and to achieve the better data rate of the increase the number of the antennas when NOMA in the case of downlink when used massive MIMO system.

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In this paper, we have developed operational matrix for estimating the approximate solutions to water quality assessment model. The model is of the form of Convection-Diffusion Equation (CDE) with variable coefficients. An efficient spectral method has been utilized to assess the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in a river. The obtained numerical solutions have been compared with results of Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth-fifth order method (RKF45M) and optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM). The convergence and supporting analysis of the method are investigated Numerical experiments are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method . A few numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed method.

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This paper highlights the use of the Maynard Operation Sequence Technique (MOST) to reveal hidden waste on the dry pack operation in an electronic industry. Verification of current stage is done by conducting a process flowchart and workflow diagram to provide an overall picture of the current operation. Then, time study by using stopwatch is conducted to determine the actual cycle time of operation. MOST analysis is then presented to analyze each method described in a detailed way with every single motion. By comparing the actual cycle time and MOST results, the performance of the operators is calculated through an equation and presented in percentage. This paper significantly shows that MOST is an effective method to evaluate each action step of operation and standardized the operation time which leads to productivity improvement. Then, a performance measurement is generated based on MOST to track or monitor the performance of the operators in the daily operation.

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This paper investigated Multi-Controlled Floor Vacuum Cleaner power by Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting. Eco-friendly technology brings advance to this new era of technology. The energy consumption of electric is not environmentally friendly. To overcome the problem, implementing Radio Frequency Harvesting Energy to convert in to electric and power up electronic appliances. There are many automatic cleaner robot selling in the market nowadays. However the mostly use of infrared had a limitation in coverage; the robotic using Wi-Fi has a wider coverage. The uses of application also brings the coverage wider which can connect wherever the place have Wi-Fi connection or mobile data available. This benefits can brings more convenient to user can connect wherever they are. This project is started with an objective of develop a multi controlled floor vacuum cleaner using Wi-Fi. In order to make the system smart, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module used to have the internet connection. The prototype of project is developed by using Arduino Uno act as the main controller, L293D motor driver, and ultrasonic sensor. Besides that, Arduino IDE was used to write the program of the robot while Blynk apps use as a controller server. Through the project, this integrated design has performance for cleaning purpose in terms of user-friendly, convenient and eco-friendly.

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Energy drives all economy sectors. It could be very frustrating to have mobile device with no power to charge it. Due to the erratic nature of power supply available during the day as well as night in Nigeria, most importantly in rural areas necessitated the construction of solar-powered backpack mobile charger. Solar backpack mobile charger would store energy from solar cells which would then be utilized to charge electronic gadgets, such as a mobile phone or iPod. The mobile charger was constructed by connecting 5 Wattage of 12 V maximum output solar PV voltage to a series feedback voltage regulator. This was also connected to the comparator, to the rechargeable battery and finally to a regulator. During testing of the device it was observed that the solar panel supply 12 V maximum output voltage at no load and 11.25 V under load condition. The voltage at the USB port of the charger varies between 4.00 V and 5.10 V with a highest current of about 240 mA. Construction of devices such as this is one of the approaches of applying green innovation to solve energy issue. The study hereby recommended that Nigerian Government should create enabling environment so that these devices can be fabricated locally on the large scale in order to boost our economy, at the same time will also reduce the rate of unemployment among the youth.

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There are given the features of the dynamic loading mathematical modeling of containers placed on a flat wagon during shunting collision in the article. The numerical values of the accelerations acting on the container are determined. The results are confirmed by computer simulation. The developed models are verified by the F-criterion. The conducted studies will contribute to the creation of recommendations on the creation of new generation containers on car-building enterprises and increase the efficiency of combined transport operations.

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The issues of fuel cooling during cavitation processes are considered, which allow increasing the efficiency of the engine. In the critical energy expended on the formation of the cavitation bubble, a correction factor is introduced, depending on the time of processing the fuel by ultrasound. Clarification of the dependence - for the case of acoustic or vibration cavitation - allows to illustrate the increase in energy taken from the fuel by 5...10%.

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Cholesterol is a waxy fat compound that is mostly produced by the liver and the other part is obtained from food. The ideal cholesterol level in the human body is <200. High cholesterol can increase the risk of getting serious diseases such as strokes and heart attacks. Checking cholesterol levels through checking blood sugar requires the patient to undergo fasting for 10-12 hours first and processing the results of the examination also requires not a short time. Because of the seriousness of the disease that can be caused, an early examination is needed and it is also practical to determine the level of excess cholesterol in the human body. Iris has specific advantages which can record all organ conditions, body construction and psychological conditions. Therefore, Iridology as a science based on the arrangement of iris fibers can be an alternative for medical analysis. In this study, the author designed a system in the matrix simulator which is expected to be able to detect excess cholesterol levels with input in the form of iris images and then through the pre-processing stage then extracted features with the Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix method and classified using the Linear Regression method. The result from the modeling process can inform about cholesterol level. These processes make early detection of human body cholesterol level becomes easier. The cholesterol data level is classified into: normal cholesterol, at risk of cholesterol and high cholesterol. Each class was represented by 30 images, and each of it divided into two data types, 20 images used as training data and the remaining as testing data. The optimum result can be obtained on 45 degree angle, two pixels gap and correlation feture, which give 88.52% accuracy with 6.9595 standard deviation and 0.0365 seconds computation time for each image.

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