This paper examined the comparison between the mechanical properties of slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete with short steel fiber and discrete bamboo. The differences in properties of the concrete with fiber, concrete without fiber and concrete with discrete bamboo was determined. Compressive and flexural strengths of concrete and slump were also determined. A total of six mix batches of concrete containing 0% (control), 1%, 2% and 3% of steel fiber and discrete bamboo was incorporated into concrete, while 0%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% of steel fibre and discrete bamboo by volume fraction of concrete were used for flexural strength test. The bamboo stripes were sun dried, cut in sizes ranging from 50-63mm in length and 4.4mm thick for easy mix with concrete while the steel fiber was 25mm in length and 0.4mm thick. The concrete prism used was 300mm x 100 mm x 100mm for compressive strength test and beam 350mm x 100mm x 100mm for flexural strength test. A thickness of 10mm cement slurry was infiltrated into the beam prism while the remaining 90mm thickness was filled with concrete. Plain concrete without fiber or discrete bamboo served as control. The addition of steel fibre increased the strength of concrete.

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In this work, an attempt was made for improving the performance of single basin solar still using Omani rock stone bed as an energy storage medium. The Omani rock stone bed would absorb solar energy during day time and would release the energy for vapourizing the seawater during night time. Two sets of experiments (one without rock stone bed and another with Omani rock stone bed) were conducted in this study. The productivity and thermal efficiency of the still in both cases were analyzed. It was observed that the use of Omani rock stone bed was able to produce 2.5 liters of daily yield and able to obtain 25% thermal efficiency, which are about 19% greater than the performance of the solar still with the absence of stone bed. The quality of fresh water was verified through water quality test and confirmed its suitability for the domestic use.

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The Middle Permian rocks (the Lower Kazanian substage, South-Eastern Tatarstan, reference section), were geochemically examined by XRF, ESR and isotope analysis to reveal chemostratigraphic frame of the Lower Kazanian substage. Facial changes and climate episodes were proposed on major and trace elements, ESR labels and isotope ratios relationship.

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In this paper we use two approaches for detecting a face and track it continuously. Basically video sequences provide more information than a still image. It is always a challenging task to track a target object in a live video. We undergo challenges like illumination; pose variation and occlusion in pre-processing stages. But this is can be overcome by detection of the target object continuously in each and every frame. Face tracking by Kanade Lucas Tomasi algorithm that is used to track face based on trained features. Whereas the Viola Jones algorithm is used detect the face based on the haar features.

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Three procedures aimed at establishing environmental sustainability strategies to counter the effects of erosion and soil degradation which contribute to improve productivity and biodiversity in the ecoregion of the Desert Tatacoa located in Neiva, Huila State, Colombia (South America). Phytogeographicalindex affinity of the Tatacoa Desert with other areas of tropical dry forest (bs-T) of Colombia were determined; the results allowed establishing the most suitable species living in this area for regreening work, promoting the conservation of native species of tropical dry forest in the Tatacoa Desert and knowing an existing phytogeographic affinity between other parts of the country to improve plant cover of all affected areas. Likewise, a model to estimate the gross value of agricultural production was built and found that the advance of the desertification process of this ecoregion has a significant reducing effect on soils’ production. Finally, a comparative analysis of respiratory activity and the mineralization rate of soil organic matter from different localities of the tropical dry forest (bs-T) of Huila state, which showed a different behavior for each treatment reflected as significant respiration changes and a mineralization rate which prove that the potential degradation of soil microorganisms, for middle- and low organic matter content is low. This document attempts to benefit the community that lives in the study area and the academic community that provides advisory and assistance to the population of the metioneds area.

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The paper presents the development process of the free-piston generator. During the study, we developed the generator concept taking into account modern trends in the field of free-piston generators. Based on the selected concept we performed the calculation of the generator units and subsystems and created a 3D model. While developing the 3D model of the generator we used 3D finite element methods to calculate the cooling system and mechanical strength in the model and, finally, created design documents. Besides, the control algorithms and control system were developed. As soon as the power generation system was produced, the installation and startup works were held. In order to perform the testing of the free-piston power generator, we constructed a test-bench, which provided the generator with air, fuel, oil and coolant. It also contains a powerful active electric load. During the tests, the generator achieved the output power of 16.87kW. The testing results allow choosing the future ways for construction development in order to increase and upgrade the characteristics of the free-piston generator.

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The availability of wind power in Indonesia has not been utilized yet. The strong wind can be used to rotate the turbine’s rotor. Conventionally, vertical wind turbine type has been commercially used in many power plants because it can transform wind energy to electricity. It does not require more space and thus, it can be employed in limited area. Vertical wind turbine offers smaller area compared to the horizontal one. We used the DC Generator to get the motion from the turbine blades attached to its rotor shaft. Using a voltage regulator, aims to get an output of 12 volt of DC electricity. To transform the 12 volt DC to 220 volt AC, the inverter is required. In this research, we chose 1000 watt power inverter. At the end of the circuit, we use the MCB (miniature circuit breaker) to protect against overload or short circuit. We used a mechanical MCB, operate automatically to connect and disconnect the electrical circuit in the ordinary and extraordinary situation. The average of wind speed measured by anemometer is about 8 meter per second. This condition results shaft speed approximately 450 rpm and 14.4 Nm of torque. In summary, the electricity generated is about 780 watt hours AC.

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The research article proposes the effective method for R-peak detection in the ECG signal. The improper beating of the heart called cardiac arrhythmia which is risk to human. The ECG samples are taken from physionet (physio bank ATM). Analysis of ECG signal and detection of R-Peaks is discussed in this paper. Initially the noise is removed from the signal using FFT technique, windowing technique and thresholding technique to detect R-peaks. In the ECG signal processing one can encounter the difficulties like unequal distance between peaks, irregular peak form, occurrence of low-frequency components due to patient breathing etc., In order to resolve and reduce the effect of these factors processing pipeline should contain particular stages which is discussed in the paper and the R-peak detection algorithm is implemented in MATLAB R 2012b.

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The aim of this paper is to implement facial recognition for a dataset that has different illuminated images with variant poses for the purpose of human authentication using an low resolution camera available on the day-to-day electronic gadgets such as mobile phones, tablets and other hand-held devices The basic step in the face recognition from an image is to acquire only the face portion. The acquired image is then taken to the next process called feature extraction. After feature extraction of the image, the face recognition will be performed. The process of face recognition requires many very important aspects to be considered, i.e., the illumination and poses and angle. To accomplish this task, lighting controllers must tactically be employed to ensure that the correct current and timing controls are applied to obtain the probable lighting. A combination of the latest feature extraction and illumination compensation algorithm are used to encode micro-patterns giving an efficient description for face recognition, i.e., Oriented Local Histogram Equalization (OLHE), which has proven to perform exceptionally high under extreme lighting conditions along with the previous state-of-the-art algorithms such as Bit Plane Slicing, Gabor Filter, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Local Gradient Oriented Binary Patterns (LGOBP) at the same time as they encode micro-patterns which gives an efficient description for face recognition. The goal is to explore and analyze the performance of the following face Recognition algorithms, namely PCA (Principal Component Analysis), LDA (Linear Discriminate Analysis), CCA (Canonical Correlation Analysis), AAM (Active Appearance Model) and SVM. (Support Vector Machine). It has been proposed that the illumination compensation algorithm OLHE for face recognition is to be utilized. The combination of CCA and OLHE will give the highest recognition rates among the five feature extraction and face recognition algorithms taken into consideration. Upon analyzing their performance on the datasets such as FERET, ORL, CMU-PIE, EXTENDED YALE B and newly created VIT DATABASE, this combination is found to be the handpicked illuminated compensation algorithm. These images from the VIT dataset along with the other images from the various open-source databases are subjected to various pre-processing and post-processing methods of feature extraction and the results are tabulated and they are compared.

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The articles explore a problem of the synthesis and analyze models of subsystem "processor-memory" multiprocessor systems. The prime object is to study the architecture of the subsystem "processor-memory" of modern high-performance computing systems, calculation and comparison of the performance, as well as a conclusion on the effect of conflict over access to shared resources on the overall performance of the whole system. The objects of study of this work are the subsystem "processor-memory" multiprocessor computer systems, existing varieties of architectural construction of this subsystem. During researches the comparative analysis of systems with architecture UMA, NUMA and SUMA was carried out. Their merits and demerits were revealed. In the inference the appropriate conclusions on operation are drawn. The considered models allow making an assessment of characteristics of the multiprocessor systems without creation of a real prototype. At the expense of it economic effect as the assessment of characteristics of the designed systems and a choice of the most optimal variants can be carried out without creation of real system is reached.

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Image acquisition is the process of obtaining a digitized image from a real world source. Each step in the acquisition process may introduce random changes into the values of pixels in the image. These changes are called noise and to remove noise from images so many researchers proposed different methods and techniques. This article is presenting a technique called soft thresholding technique, which will remove the noise like discrete wavelet transform from the images.

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Identification of the regions that code for proteins in a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence is a vital and challenging task in the area of Bioinformatics. Study of exon regions is a substantial phenomenon in designing drugs and identification of diseases. The fragments of DNA that contain protein coding information are termed as exons. Hence finding the exon locations in a DNA sequence is a crucial job in genomics. Nucleotides aid as the fundamental structural unit of a DNA. Three base periodicity (TBP) has been observed in the regions of DNA sequences which code for proteins in case of nucleotides. By applying signal processing methods, TBP can be easily determined. Adaptive signal processing methods found to be probable in comparison with several other methods. This is due to the distinctive ability of adaptive algorithms to change weight coefficients depending on genomic sequence. We propose a novel adaptive exon predictor (AEP) based on these deliberations using normalization to improve pursuing ability of the adaptive algorithms. We develop AEPs using LMS algorithm with its data clipped; error clipped and signed normalized variants to reduce computational complexity. Hybrid variants of proposed AEPs include DCLMS, ECLMS, ECLMS, DNLMS, DNDCLMS, DNECLMS, and DNDECLMS algorithms. It was shown that DNDCLMS based AEP is better in exon prediction applications based on performance measures with Sensitivity 0.6872, Specificity 0.7043 and precision 0.6722 at a threshold of 0.8. Finally the capability of several AEPs in predicting exon locations is verified using different genomic sequences found from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database.

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This review paper presents the recent developments of image processing and machine vision system in an automated rice grading system. In agricultural field, the efficiency and accuracy in grading process is very essential to increase the productivity of the yield. Rice is cultivated in many regions across India. Rice is a staple food for about 65% of the Indians. There are more than 40,000 different varieties of rice which is cultivated in all continents except Antarctica. The food quality is becoming a major issue in health care. It is tedious for people to analyze the grades and quality in the market. The rice varieties and their quality are assessed through visual inspection by food quality Managers. The decision making capabilities of food quality Managers are subjected to an external influences. In this paper, image processing techniques are implemented to automate the process which overcomes the drawbacks of manual process. Here, various procedures are reviewed to obtain the percentage, quality of rice grains based on its size.

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Land and water are the two most valuable and essential resources which forms the basis of all the lives and forms key resource in all economic activities ranging from agriculture to industry. The present study emphasis on the spatial database like hydro-geomorphology, landuse/land cover, soil slope, geology study and rainfall-runoff model. The run off layer was derived from ArcCN-Runoff, weighted overlay analysis in Arc-GIS environment was used to integrate the reclassified raster layer. The present study shows spatial techniques and Artificial Neural techniques have proven to be very efficient to delineate the groundwater prospecting zones. The present study also elaborates the rock formations surficial and sub-surfacial which helps the region for the conservation of the surface runoff water.

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Now a days popularity of Online Social Networks (OSNs) is immensively some users share private content such as images, videos, using some online social networks with proceedings of real time data sharing. Online social networks provide open platforms for sharing user private information to support and interface to extend online social networks. Previous research concerns third party applications in social network data sharing, present research focus on user-to-user interaction in online social networks. For that we process to analyze different access control policy techniques (or) methods to provide security or protection in online social networks. Our analysis achieves four different techniques with introduction and analysis procedure to provide protection from online social networks in communicative data sharing in online social networks.

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In order to reduce the physical trauma caused by breast compressions, exposure to radiations and the high price of diagnostic tests, a new cost effective magnetic induction tomography (MIT) system is proposed to identify and locate tumors among the heterogeneous breast tissues. This technique operates in a non-invasive and contact less manner with the breasts. The numerical simulation imaging system consists of 16 sensor coils with 1 coil acting as the transmitter and the rest as receivers at a single time period, leading to a total of 240 receiver readings. The receiver readings and 240 generated sensitivity matrices were then used to reconstruct the images of the breast using linear back projection (LBP) algorithm after a careful comparison has been made on the algorithm with newton one-step error reconstruction (NOSER) and truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) algorithms. The reconstructed images were assessed in terms of three essential error metrics which are the resolution (RES), magnification (MAG), and the position error (PE). The average errors are 0.004728, 13.7793, and 45.1929 for the RES, MAG and PE metrics respectively. Nonetheless, the average error metric values for the images of tumors located deepest, at the origin (0, 0), show better results in terms of PE that is -2.5356. A strong correlation between the MIT sensor readings and the size of simulated breast tumor was also observed from the adjusted R square value which is 0.998, indicating that the data fitted are very close to the regression line. The obtained results verify that the proposed MIT design and image reconstruction algorithm provide a promising alternative for breast cancer imaging although further studies are required to validate the simulation MIT data.

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In this work, we determine the analytical expression of the form factor for a parallelepiped in the WKB approximation. We will focus, in this paper, to the study for the scattering of an incident ray in the perpendicular plane to the particle. Adapting some variables (size parameter, refractive index, the scattering angle) the other approximations such as the Rayleigh-Gans-Debye (RGD) and anomalous diffraction (AD) are easily deduced from our general formula. Furthermore, the closed form expression of the efficiency coefficient of the extinction is also given. For illustration, some numerical examples are be analyzed.

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Spatial diversity technique known as multi-input multi-output (MIMO) and multi-carrier modulation technique, one of which is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique, is two candidate techniques that are suitable for use on high-speed data transmission in the future. OFDM technique uses a large number of sub-carriers to overcome the effects of frequency selective fading and using cyclic-prefix to suppress inter-symbol-interference (ISI) caused by multipath propagation. The duration of the cyclic-prefix should be longer than the delay-spread of the multipath channel, so that ISI can be removed completely. The application of MIMO diversity techniques on the OFDM system will improve system performance significantly. By using MIMO techniques, many propagation path will be available. These propagation path are departing from a number of antennas on the transmitter side toward a number of antennas on the receiver side directly. Therefore, if there is a severe distortion signals coming out from one of propagation-path then the system may rely on other signals from other propagation-path. Thus the possibility of errors that may occur can be prevented. Furthermore, to increase the diversity of the fading effect, in this study, we use space-time coding-block-code (STBC) Alamouti. This paper aims to study the combined performance of MIMO-OFDM technique when applied to the Wireless Open-Access Research Platform (WARP) module, which is one of the software defined radio (SDR) device. The MIMO-OFDM system performance is analyzed and compared to the MISO-OFDM system, both system use quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme.

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An easy to implement FEM based collocation method is proposed to solve a special case eighth order boundary value problem. By the proposed method, numerical results can be obtained not only for the solution but also for derivatives of the solution. Ninth degree B-splines are used as basis functions to approximate the solution. These functions are changed into a set of new functions with the help of boundary conditions. The proposed method with the new set of B-splines gives a stable system of linear equation in the unknown parameters which are used to approximate the solution and its derivatives. To test the efficiency of the method, some numerical examples which are available in literature are solved using the proposed method. The obtained results are in good agreement with the exact solutions.

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Automobile chassis is an important load bearing member which play an important role of seating an automobile body. Chassis is the most decisive element that gives strength and stability to the vehicle under different conditions. Also, it should be rigid enough to bear the shock, twist, vibration and other stresses to which it is exposed while vehicle is moving on road. Maximum stress, maximum equilateral stress and deflection are important criteria for the design of the chassis. This paper is the work done towards the study of deformation, natural frequency and stress induced in an automotive chassis of Ashok Leyland Vikings model under maximum load for different cross-section of cross members namely C, I, and Rectangular Box (Hollow) type cross sections. The chassis is modelled in Solid Works and FEA is done on the modeled chassis using the ANSYS Workbench.

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Electrospun fibrous scaffolds are widely investigated for the regeneration of damaged tissues. In this study, the electro spinning technique was used to fabricate two different kinds of fibrous scaffolds which are poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL)/Gelatin (Ge). The fibers were then characterized using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe fibers’ morphology. Water contact angle was measured to determine the wettability of PLA and PCL/Gelatin electrospun fibers. Water uptake properties of PLA and PCL/Ge were compared. Based on the results obtained, PLA had the average fiber diameter of 2.8µm although it was too hydrophobic. Meanwhile, the diameter of PCL/Gelatin fibers was in the range of 56nm to 473nm. The PCL/Ge fibers had lower water contact angle. PCL/Ge had higher water uptake properties than PLA fibers.

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An attempt has been made to study the unsteady MHD free convective flow past a vertical plate with variable suction. The Governing equations are transformed into a set of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations and solved using a numerical technique using appropriate boundary conditions for various physical parameters. The velocity temperature and concentration profiles are shown graphically for different physical parameters.

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The presence of Short Message Service (SMS) that indicate fraud acts is rising and very disturbing for SMS users which is known as spam SMS. Therefore, it is very important to automatically detect or filter spam SMS. This research developed a system that could classify SMS between SMS spam with not spam (ham) in Bahasa (Indonesian Language). This system conducted with Multinomial Naïve Bayes classification with the feature weighting Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF). Before the classification, data had been preprocessed using tokenization, slang handling, stopword, and stemming. The evaluation is done by using cross validation and were conducted by comparing several test scenarios based on the selected preprocessing technique. From the experiment the best results were obtained 94.44% in accuracy with preprocessing slang handling and stemming. This best result were implemented on the mobile Android with adding rule if the sender of SMS is not in the contact list, then the incoming SMS would be processed to test whether it is spam or ham. From the experiment on Android mobile application accuracy raised until 94.74%.

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Kinect Camera based gesture recognition is currently playing vital role in image processing field for e.g. gesture based Xbox games. FPGAs now a day are the most versatile Programmable Logic Device. FPGAs can be used for numerous applications. This paper presents information about performing image processing algorithm using Microsoft Kinect Camera using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). The Image Processing on FPGA is quite a complicated task because it requires different architecture in order to process the image. To facilitate processing of image on FPGA, MATLAB and Simulink along with Xilinx System Generator (XSG) tools is the easiest and most efficient way. Such tools convert the image into suitable formats that are supported by FPGA.

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In this paper the problem of varied illumination and poses is tackled. A person may look like another person from far away at a different angle under varied illumination conditions but, he/she may be a totally different person when viewed under optimum illumination and frontal pose. I have used two pre-processing techniques namely HE (Histogram Equalization) and BPS (Bit Plane Slicing) to process the images before they fed into the post processing system. BPS is used for data compression while HE is used for normalization of the pixels. I have used LDA as the post-processing technique for the purpose of dimensionality reduction and preservation of orthogonality. A comparison of the two techniques is performed and the results are analyzed. The recognition rate, false acceptance rate and the false rejection rate are computed and plotted for three databases namely ORL, FERET and VIT databases. Though bit plane slicing is useful for data compression, histogram equalization showed a higher recognition rate.

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The efficient bandwidth utilization is one of the key aspects for improving the accomplishment of any optical fiber based communication system. Code-Division Multiple- Assess (CDMA) scheme has been popularly deployed, in optical platform, for attaining the higher spectrum efficiency throughout the globe. However, the entire Optical CDMA (O-CDMA) scheme based communication systems have been victim of increased multiple access interference (MAI) with increment in user count. Recently, Interleave-Division Multiple-Access (IDMA) scheme has attracted the researchers for working on its feasibility with optical communication. From the literature, it has been revealed that IDMA scheme, which employs interleavers as the only means for user separation, mitigates efficiently with MAI and other interferences. In this paper, the performance of Optical Interleave Division Multiple Access (O-IDMA) based system has been evaluated using low rate convolution codes. During the simulation, the combination of coding and spreading operations has been employed for maximizing the coding gain using low rate codes. The simulation results establishes that with low rate convolution encoding technique, O-IDMA system contributes significant refinement in system performance in comparison to its counterpart i.e. O-CDMA system.

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The risk analysis of aeronautical accidents has been faced in several countries in order to plan the territory around airports. In the past, many accidents have had serious consequences in the surrounding of airports. To protect the dwellers in these zones, Sapienza University of Rome has studied a risk assessment model of air crash accident during take-off or landing. In force of an agreement with the National Aviation Authority, the major Italian airports have been analyzed. These studies have highlighted the opportunity to know the influence on the territory of the variation of the traffic volume. This knowledge can be particularly useful for forecasting the impact on the territory in a preliminary phase of the master planning activity of the airport. The influence of the traffic volume and the types of aircraft on the sizes of safety areas around airports has been studied with a computer program developed by the authors. As a result of this first analysis, a simplified approach to study the extension of the Public Safety Zones around an airport is presented. This method calculates the area and the main dimensions of PSZs for a number of representative cases of one-runway airports with more than 30000 operations per year. In Europe, there are a large number of one-runway airports and they have similar operational and traffic conditions. Therefore, the results here presented can be applied for a preliminary study to all the one-runway airports, having the same level of traffic of the airports considered in this paper.

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The scarcity of water resources in Egypt especially in Sinai represents the most formidable challenge for the pursuit of our research for development as the available water resources is dropping below the threshold of water poverty especially with the rise in Egyptian populations. This research studied the establishment, monitoring and evaluate a prototype of an integrated system to desalinate brackish groundwater via high recovery low pressure reverse osmosis desalination unit and utilize the technique of electrochemical disinfection on-site as a new concern. The disinfection unit- preliminary evaluated within this work shows a promising optimized data for the electrolysis time to produce the selected disinfectant dose with the rate of inactivation of microorganisms present. The implemented desalination unit provided 96.8% salt rejection, 74%recovery which was suitable for irrigation system as salt rejection and first stage recovery.

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Development inside the globe of web has offered ascend to a few on-line assaults and hence the most widely recognized assault is phishing. Casualties unit deceived into giving such data by a blend of mocking strategies and social designing. Phishing is a trial by a private or a bundle to accumulate delicate data like usernames, passwords, and master card subtle elements from clueless casualties. All through this paper we've arranged a greenhorn approach named as "Hostile to phishing misuse visual cryptography, just once mystery and security pictures" to determine the matter of phishing. Phishing sites unit focusing on the buyers of banks and on-line installment administrations to take delicate information from casualties. Visual cryptography is likewise a procedure inside that cryptography is performed with utilized through human tactile framework. a standard limit ( k out of n ) visual mystery sharing subject encodes one mystery picture P into n transparencies (called shares) such any group of k transparencies uncovers P once they unit superimposed, though that of less k than ones can't. the utilization of pictures is investigated to protect the security of picture captcha by decaying the underlying picture captcha into two shares that unit hang on in discrete data servers such the underlying picture captcha region unit normally unveiled exclusively every unit at steady time available, the individual sheet footage don't uncover the character of the underlying picture captcha. Once the underlying picture captcha is uncovered to the client it range unit generally utilized as a consequence of the key. Progressively producing the captcha picture by the framework is one through and through the most gifts of the system. Security footage unit regularly utilized as a locale of the login technique on web managing an account site, beneath the theory that they're going to encourage foil phishing attacks. Throughout this study, the creators shed light-weight on the compulsory decisions that recognize phishing sites from honest to goodness ones and evaluate however great standard based handling order strategies unit in foreseeing phishing sites which grouping method is turned out to be bunches of dependable.

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This paper presents a Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization with Differential Perturbed Velocity with adaptive acceleration coefficient (APSO-DV) to examine the security constrained Multi-objective Optimal Power Flow (OPF) control with a powerful Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) device such as Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) under normal and network contingencies. Firstly, contingency analysis and ranking is done by taking voltage magnitudes, voltage stability index (L-Index) and Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) along with Line Loadings as input parameters to the fuzzy system where L-Index and FVSI are real numbers which gives fair and consistent results for stability analysis among different methods of voltage stability analysis. Secondly, the strategic location of UPFC and the optimal control settings of UPFC are found using APSO-DV under severe contingencies along with OPF constraints. The fuzzy based System Overall Severity Index (SOSI) and the combination of fuzzy based SOSI along with fuel cost were used as an objective to be minimized to improve the security of the power system. The feasibility of the proposed method has been tested on IEEE-30 bus system with two different objective functions. The test results show the effectiveness of robustness of the proposed approach and provides superior results compared with the existing results in the literature.

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Reasons for electric vehicles' low-appeal have been investigated within the present scientific article. Researches of electric vehicles within low-temperature duties' conditions have been analyzed. Combined thermostatics system construction peculiarities are quoted by the example of VAZ-1817 (ELLADA), a series electric vehicle.

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Surface morphology, roughness and bonding among palm fibers and sago matrix were observed. The sugar palm fiber was treated by sea water immersion with duration of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, before naturally dried under the sun for 3 hours then continued by 6 hours oven at 80°C. SEM, XRD and roughness arithmetic tests are applied to see the surface morphology, roughness and bonding among fibers and the matrix. The result shows that fibers morphology and roughness changes with immersion duration. At longer immersion duration the roughness increases and the fiber-matrix quality is better. The best interlocking of matrix and fibers occurred after duration of 4 weeks fiber immersion, where no more gaps seen between the fiber and matrix.

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For bone tissue engineering, regeneration and healing, a porous scaffold with interconnected network is highly sort after for cell guidance, cell attachment and growth in three dimension structure. Using freeze drying technique, we produced three types of scaffold. PCL scaffold, PCL/HA nanocomposite scaffold and a conductive scaffold PCL/HA/PPY. Conductive scaffold was produced to render the scaffold conductive. The scaffolds were characterized and evaluated using a number of techniques. Composite scaffolds with suitable pore size distribution were obtained by freezing the polymer solution mixture at -18?C, which was controlled by the polymer and solvent phase crystallization. From the result, the wettability and porosity of the sample were observed to increase more with the incorporation of Polypyrrole scaffold than in Polycaprolactone scaffold alone. PCL/HA/PPY scaffold had a lower porosity than PCL and PCL/HA scaffolds. The compressive modulus increased form 1.15Mpa (PCL) up to 6.10Mpa in PCL/HA/PPY scaffold. Incorporation of PPY polymer renders the scaffold conductive. Hence, the characteristics of PCL/HA/PPY scaffold studied in this present work shows good prospect and may probably be employed for bone tissue engineering applications.

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Indoor air quality is increasing concern and people use air purifiers to enhance indoor air quality. An electrostatic precipitator as one of conventional methodologies has been widely used to remove particulate matters, but it could generate ozone in the process of charging, which results in the need to investigate electrostatic precipitator systems (i.e., single- or two- stage) and their components (i.e., electrode material and polarity) for minimizing the amount of generated ozone. The test system is made of static dissipative material (e.g., Delrin), is shaped as an opened square channel, and contains a charging source. The charging electrode (carbon fiber brush or tungsten needle) is mounted on the ceiling of the collector, while its flat bottom section holds a collection plate made of stainless steel. The optimized configuration of the CESP was designed into a two-stage system (charging and collection sections) and a carbon fiber brush (~1000 fibers) was selected as an opitimal charger of the CESP. As a result, the CESP had a collection efficiency of about 28% through a single pass air and around less then 15 ppb ozone concentration when sampling with 0.5 µm PSL particles at 1.1 m/s face velocity for 3 min sampling time. These results have a practically importance role for developing a multi-cell ESP system, which can improve its performance without any several ozone production.

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In this study, Converge CFD software is utilized for modeling processes in an internal combustion engine. Converge includes advanced numerical techniques and physical models describing processes of spray, turbulence and combustion, and the nonlinear interactions of such processes. The objective of modeling dual fuel combustion is to gain better understanding of the combustion behavior in dual fuel engines. This modeling is performed in conjunction with experimental studies on a John Deere 6068H diesel engine. The engine is a Tier II, 6 cylinders, 6.8 liter, 4-stroke compression ignition engine with a compression ratio of 17:1 and a power rating of 168 kW at 2200 rpm. A natural gas fuel system was installed to deliver fuel upstream of the turbocharger compressor. The engine was operated at 1800 rpm through two different load points in diesel and dual fuel operating modes. Motored pressure, combustion pressure and net heat release rate (HRR) generated from of the simulations are compared to the corresponding experimental results. Additionally, temperature, equivalence ratio, carbon monoxides and total hydrocarbon emissions distributions in dual fuel simulations at 12% and 75% loads are presented and discussed.

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Polycrystalline samples of YBa2Cu3O7-d have been synthesized via co-precipitation method with the inclusion of Gd2O3 (0 = x = 1.0). The effect of Gd2O3 nanoparticles on the superconducting properties and crystal structure of YBa2Cu3O7-d were investigated. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of each sample was measured by a standard four point probe method. As the inclusion of nano-Gd2O3 increases, the Tc of samples decrease from 92 K for x = 0.0 to 80 K for x = 1.0 wt% attributable to oxygen vacancy disorder. The crystal lattice parameters of all samples were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) with the Rietveld refinement technique. It was found that the samples are predominantly single phase perovskite structure Y-123 with orthorhombic and secondary phase, Y-211 for samples x = 0.2 - 1.0 wt%. The microstructural properties of samples were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The structure becomes more porous than the pure sample and the grain size significantly decrease. The addition of nano-Gd2O3 disturbs the grain growth of YBCO (123), thus resulting in the degradation of superconducting properties of the samples. The effect of Gd2O3 addition for intergranular critical current density, Jc and the presence of weak links that coupled the superconducting grains were also defined in AC susceptibility measurement in the range 0.005 Oe to 3.0 Oe.

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Most reported works on fingertip detection focus on extended fingers where the hand is not occluded by another object. This paper proposes a machine-vision-based technique exploiting the contour of the hand and fingers for detecting the fingertips when the hand is manipulating a ball, which means that the fingers are closed and the hand is partially occluded. The preliminary result of our on-going research is promising where it can be used to generate a more objective performance indicator for monitoring the progress during hand therapy by using a digital webcam. Being markerless and contactless, the proposed technique will require minimal preparation prior to the therapy.

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In this paper, the design optimization of gear casing is performed by reducing the weight and retaining its original stiffness and natural frequencies simultaneously. Through finite element modeling, these multi objectives are achieved in two methods: topology optimization and shape optimization. In first method, displacements and natural frequencies of baseline values are considered as constraints and the optimum weight reduction is analyzed. Later, the dimensional regions to be optimized are identified. With L9 orthogonal array, the dimensions are varied at these regions by morphing technique, and respective multiple performance characteristics are measured. Taguchi method based grey analysis, which uses grey relational grade as performance index, is specifically adopted to determine the optimal combinations of dimensions. Principal component analysis is applied to evaluate the weights so that their relative significance can be described properly to convert these multiple performance characteristics into a single objective grey relational grade. Confirmation analysis to the optimized design is performed and the resulted frequency and stiffness are compared with baseline values. The results show that grey relational analysis coupled with principal component analysis can effectively acquire the optimal combination of design parameters and the proposed approach can be a useful tool to perform the shape optimization efficiently.

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The environmental pollution is one of the major strategic question for decision-makers both in industry as well as in government. It has been established beyond doubt that the tailpipe emissions contribute significantly to climate change. It is clear that the vehicles form the predominant source of regulated and unregulated pollution. The environmental degradation all over the world has led to research to the development of ultra low emission vehicle and zero emission vehicle. In this investigation, an attempt is made to study the pollution from the automobile SI engine using Electrically Initiated and Chemically Heated Catalytic (EICHC) converter. This paper deals with the development and performance analysis of the EHC with different metal oxides. From this, the potential of catalytic systems with different catalyst is analyzed. It is found that the HC and CO emissions reduced significantly when EHC used with existing catalytic converter.

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The food made of mungbean seeds (Vigna radiata L) and bean sprouts can be found everyday in many Asian countries. This study discusses the germination and growth of mungbean seeds at early stage and the influence of static electric field to them. The germination percentage of mungbean seeds increased almost linearly in the first 8 hours and reached its maximum value at about 30 hours. This germination percentage had a germination rate about 0.12/h from the percentage of the number of seeds that have not germinated. This study used some variations of relatively low static electric field and short exposing time on wet seeds to investigate their influences in germination percentage. The field of 2.4 kV/m with exposing time of 2.5 hours appeared to increase the germination percentage in comparison to control so that its effect on early growth of mungbean seeds in vegetative phase was studied. The experimental results indicate that the bean sprouts grown from the treated seeds had heavier in fresh weight, longer roots, stems and leaves in comparison to the control.

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A hybrid method for reducing Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in multi-carrier systems such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) by a combination of the partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique and cascade clipping peak amplifying bottom (CCPAB) method is proposed in this study. The PTS approach is a widely accepted method for improving PAPR statistics. CPAB is process to be performed by clipping peaks and amplifying bottoms of OFDM signal by controlling thresholds A and B. However, a combination of PTS and CPAB to carry out a new hybrid PTS-CCPAB approach at Transmitter side requires a balance of the reduction level to the performance of PAPR reduction. Too much reduction in PAPR leads to degradation of the transmitted signal. PAPR decreases by reducing A and increasing B, but at the expense of signal power. IEEE 802.11a system parameters are used in the computer simulation tests, which show that the controlling is possible for the reduction to realize the acceptable PAPR performance. The PTS-CCPAB is a guaranteed method to achieve the desired level of the PAPR reduction. Therefore, the proposed method improves system performance regarding PAPR reduction and capabilities to be used for OFDM.

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The effectiveness of any granary system is grossly dependent upon the efficiency of its monitoring and control measures. The granary monitoring systems presently in use in most developing countries are based on wired networks with inevitable disadvantages that include high installation and maintenance costs. Most wireless granary monitoring systems previously developed were achieved without resort to resourcefulness of the composite units of the system. However, record information on the selection of best comparative components for wireless granary monitoring systems is not readily available. This paper designed a wireless sensor integrated system from comparison and selection of resourceful component units for monitoring temperature, humidity and light variations in stored bulk grains. The resulting composite units of the developed system were products of the best parameters trade-off in the selection of components and protocols. The sensing unit consists of the selected Grove-DHT22 Temperature/Humidity sensor with calibrated, linearized and stable digital signals output via 1-wire bus and a cheap low-power Grove-GL5528 light sensor. The resulting network had no hierarchy or parent-child relationship constraint. The low-power sleep configuration possibility of the sensor node was cyclic and synchronized.

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The soil structure interaction (SSI) is gaining a lot of importance in structural engineering with the development of huge constructions on soft soils like huge concrete and stuff dams, tall buildings, long span bridges, wide tunnels and underground structures which require a very careful attention. In every structure, the super structure and the foundation executed on soil, represent an entire structural system. It will not be analyzed without considering the both. The analysis of a framed structure while not modeling its foundation system and its rigidity could mislead the axial forces, moments due to bending and due to settlement. It is, thus necessary to hold out the analysis considering the type of soil, foundation and above the sub structure i.e. (super structure), that taken as a single unit. In this paper the effect of soil interaction on design parameters in a multi storied building such as, Shear force, Bending moment and settlements have been studied and compared with a conventional case of considered building resting on unyielding supports and the effect of SSI is quantified using finite element analysis.

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This paper presents the development of a linear control based force feedback system for a scorbot robotic arm. The scorboter-4u is a 5 degree of freedom (DOF) robotic arm with a 2-fingered parallel configuration gripper. A flexi-force force sensitive Resistor (FSR) is attached to one of the claws of the gripper and interfaced to a laptop computer controllerviaan Arduino Uno microcontroller. The force sensor assists the robot in three different ways. Firstly, it provides feedback on a successful grasping task. Secondly, through iterative experiments, the coefficient of friction of the object being manipulated can be determined. Thirdly, force control on the target object being manipulated can be established to prevent damage. The gripper and force sensor combination is calibrated prior to grasping objects. MATLAB 2014a is used to command both the scorbot er-4u’s control box and Arduino Uno force sensor controller.

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In WSNs, the existing routing and clustering schemes have demonstrated the effectiveness of traffic distribution to fulfill the quality of service requirements of applications. However, due to the non existence of intelligence in those routing and clustering algorithms might significantly affect the transmission performance, scalability, reliability, and security of WSNs. Thus, by considering the reliability, congestion control, and security for, it is desirable to design an intelligent routing scheme to provide efficient routing. This paper proposes an intelligent routing protocol (IRP) based on artificial neural network (ANN) for wireless sensor networks. IRP performs the cluster identification and cluster head (CH) election using ANN. This process causes less overhead and helps in achieving the real advantage of clustering in wireless sensor networks. Once the clustering is completed, the routing phase comes into action. In the routing phase, the table driven protocol is used to forward the data at the intercluster level and on-demand based protocol is used to forward the data at the intracluster level. Thus, the proposed routing approach works on a hybrid basis and is implemented in NS2 for performance analysis.

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In this study, optimization of Averrhoa bilimbi and Citrus hystrix extraction using maceration extraction methods was performed using a statistical method design of experiment (DOE). A two factorial design of experiment was performed with ethanol concentration and ratio of solid to liquid as the controlled variables. Results showed that an optimized maceration extraction method of phenolic compounds from Averrhoa bilimbi and Citrus hystrix peel have been developed the highest TPC value of Averrhoa bilimbi crude extract, i.e. 5.45 mg GAE/g Averrhoa bilimbi powder was obtained at the following maceration condition: ratio solid to liquid of 1 to 15 using ethanol with concentration of 48% as solvent. Whilst, for citrus peel crude extract, the highest TPC value was 55.71 mg GAE/g dried citrus peel under the following maceration condition: ratio solid to liquid of 1 to 50 using aquades as solvent. From DOE analysis, it is known that controlled variables used have significant effects to TPC as response, even though there was no significance interaction between variables.

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The physical-chemical study of the melting process both in cupolas and in electric furnaces has been carried out by the author. A methodology has been developed and a thermodynamic analysis of phase interaction during cast iron melting has been conducted which allowed making a comparative quantitative assessment of the influence of different factors on the processes of phase interaction. The authors have developed a method for determining the activities of the components in iron-carbon melts, being far from the diluted carbon content solutions, based not only on the consideration of the temperature dependences, but also on the concentration dependences of the interaction parameters. Technical and economic aspects of technical re-equipment of melting compartments in foundries have been analyzed.

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This paper presents three methodologies to perform an applied research that permits enlarging the cultivable areas of the arid zones, improving productivity and biological diversity La Tatacoa Desert ecoregion. For this purpose, it is needed to select the type of crop to be implemented so it can be applied in the pilot methodologies for comparative analysis of the efficiency in each one of them based upon productivity output and maintenance of soil’s health. Once the plots of land have been chosen, the following step consists of measuring physicochemical and biological properties of the soils under study. This is achieved before the research starts and three months after its beginning. Then, a statistical analysis of the information is carried out using ANOVA and Tukey test with a significance level of 5%. With this proposal, nutrients degradation behavior found in these zones can be investigated. This helps to decision making for the best option to optimize the soil resources in the Tatacoa Desert.

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A three-phase olive pomace (OP), the solid by-product originating from the production of olive oil, was investigated as a potential source of flavonoids. Flavonoids were extracted by an environmentally friendly procedure using aqueous ethanol as solvent. The flavonoid content of OP, expressed as quercetin equivalents (QE) per unit weight of dry material, was 25.28 ± 0.93 mg QE/g. To evaluate the effects of temperature (T), extraction time (E), liquid-to-solid ratio (R) and solvent composition (C) on the yield of flavonoid extraction (y), a Central Composite Design (CCD) coupled with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used. Statistical analysis of the results showed that T was the most influential factor, followed by E, R and C. A reduced polynomial model was developed by the stepwise regression method which provided an accurate description of the extraction process. Maximization of the response variable gave: ymax = 90.5% at T = 69.9 °C, E = 212 min, R = 36.7 mL/g and C = 43.7%.Overall, the obtained results support the use of three-phase OP as a source of flavonoids and give useful indications on the influence of process variables on their recovery.

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Resonance is a condition under which system vibrates at natural frequency. Resonance produces maximum vibration amplitude. In industry resonance is consider to be harmful for long life of the equipment as amplitude of vibration is very high which results in failure of the component. At the same time there are some equipment’s and applications which work on resonance principal linear compressor is one such application. Under resonance condition it produces maximum amplitude of stroke with minimum input electric power (Exciting force). A linear compressor consists of an oscillating motor and a piston rigidly coupled to it. Oscillations of the linear motor are directly transferred to the piston. The piston is supported by resonant springs to form a free piston system. The use of linear motor reduces the mechanical linkages like crank, connecting rod necessary for converting rotary to linear motion. Hence this machine is compact, operates with very less friction and noise. It is one of the most efficient available compression technologies. The present work discusses model of a linear compressor in CREO. FEM was used to analyze natural frequency of the linear compressor. Various parameters were studied to achieve resonance at 50 Hz condition to meet the Indian power supply conditions.

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There are recent needs to design an embedded multiprocessor that will overcome the limitations in the performance of a uniprocessor. The deputation to achieve real time deadlines and overcome area and power restrictions on a single chip opened the door wide open for Multi-Processor Systems on Chip (MPSoC) as a solution. Designing MPSo C are very challenging, not only because of their complexity, but because of challenges like debuggers which have typically not been tightly coupled. The second issue is how the platform will provide synchronization among the connected processors, which is the core factor in the success of such systems. The time consumed in the development and the verification of the design is also an issue where the need for a significant tool to accomplish those important phases in design life cycle at minimum time. It is known that the selection of the right platform, development tools and operating systems could be the difference between success and failure. Recent FPGA devices has increased their performance and gate capacity giving the ability to implement complex logic systems on a single programmable device. FPGA supported with NiosII processor empowered by the Qsys delivers unprecedented flexibility for cost-sensitive, real-time and applications processing needs. FPGA board was validated through utilizing it in constructing an enhanced embedded concurrent processor. NiosII Embedded Evaluation Kit (NEEK) was utilized to construct the proposed design. The proposed design was tested by implementing a demanding application which was the Mandelbrot-set. The end design showed significant performance enhancement compared to a single processor. The result showed an enhancement with frequency that reached 1GHz and exceeded 20 times the speed of that in single processor. The obtained images was updated every frame while it was updated every five frames in the case of single processor.

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Data delivery is important in wireless sensor network applications. To reduce the probability of wireless sensor network disconnection from user a lower energy consumption gateway must be used, but data delivery speed should be maintained as high as possible. So this paper is to compare and analyze the common approach to build a gateway for isolated nodes using WSN.A new cluster based protocols EREAC-IN is used to maximize the network lifetime with less energy consumption. Isolated nodes are transferring the data to the cluster head while communicating with the CH it will lose some data’s and also it consumes more energy. In clustering protocols, nodes will be isolated because of the improper designed algorithms. This is the main drawback for all clustering based protocols. So develop a gateway between the two different networks and transfer the data for isolated nodes from source to sink. More specifically, in simulation the resulting communication maximizes the data rate achieved by the network, reducing energy consumption, Minimizing delay, Load balancing, Stable, Secure and improving lifetime. Then it is also revealed in the performance of the different algorithms.

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Viterbi decoder is one of the unique techniques used to retrieve the data in a redundant way by using error detecting and correcting codes. It is used for decoding codes of long and short constraint length. To minimize power consumption and BER, we have implemented Fast radix 2 add compare select unit in Viterbi decoder. The resource utility and computational speed was less in Viterbi decoder with fast radix 2 ACS unit. The power utilization reduced drastically to 50%, was observed where as in Viterbi decoder with conventional ACS unit the power consumed was 80%.

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Electrical power systems in steady-state conditions can be effectively analyzed by means of the symmetrical component transformation leading to three uncoupled sequence circuits. The main assumption underlying such an approach consists in the phase symmetry of the power system. Such hypothesis, however, is not always met in modern power systems. In fact, three-phase lines can be asymmetrical because of the asymmetrical geometric arrangement of the three conductors. Short lines cannot be transposed and therefore line asymmetry must be taken into account in the system analysis. When complex power systems are considered, the zero-sequence circuit comes into play even if the lines consist of three wires. This is the case of interconnected three-wire lines. In fact, in case of line asymmetry, a zero-sequence current can circulate within the loop involving such line. In this paper an approximate and effective circuit approach is derived to evaluate the zero-sequence current due to line asymmetry in interconnected three-wire lines. The approximate circuit model derived in the paper is validated by means of numerical simulation of a power system including interconnected lines with asymmetrical behavior.

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This paper analyzes the problem of the inclusion of road infrastructure in the present environment; in fact many international and national studies and research have been carried out to address this aspect of road infrastructure construction. Although many approaches to this type of problem exist, now there are two main procedures to solve it: a) the surrounding environment seen from the road (i.e. from the perspective of the driver's eye), and b) the whole surrounding environment observed from off the road (the point of view external to the road). The experimental analysis presented here shows a predictive model to assess the beauty of a scenario in which the road is introduced from the road. The model has been developed thanks to experimental investigation using a sample of 200 non-expert judges asked to express an opinion on 32 different scenes in conventional photographs selected from low-volume roads within the Province of Salerno. The coefficients of the resulting model have significance greater than 95% and the equation has a coefficient of determination equal to 0.86. By comparing the measured values with those derived from applying the predictive model, the effectiveness of the model is clear: the maximum error is less than 10%.

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In the traditional authentication methods like passwords, smart cards etc., there is lack of security, hence to overcome this biometrics is used. In the case of single modal biometric there is a chance of misuse and the accuracy is also less, hence to achieve good authentication accuracy and to improve security multimodal biometrics is used. The project work on ‘A Multimodal Biometric Recognition System Based on Decision Level Fusion for User Authentication’ was carried out using face, iris and fingerprint Databases, The features such as Gabor filter, GLCM (Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix), Affine Moment and LBP (Local Binary Patterns) were extracted from the face, iris and fingerprint respectively. The classification of face and iris images was performed using LDA (Linear Discriminate Analysis) and that of fingerprint images was performed using k-NN (k-Nearest Neighbor) from the features extracted. The performance of the classifier was evaluated using confusion matrix, from the evaluation the authentication accuracy of 97.5%, 98% and 99.3% were obtained for iris, fingerprint and face respectively. Also, the single biometrics were fused using decision level fusion based on majority logic function to achieve highest accuracy and an authentication accuracy of 99.6% was obtained after fusion.

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In recent years, Privacy Preservation in data mining has emerged as an essential requirement for exchanging confidential information while publishing and validating data over the internet. On the other hand, the suspicious approaches and conflicts enabled refusal of many information providers towards the protection of data from disclosure results in complete rejection of information sharing or incorrect data sharing. In this paper, an extensive overview of novel perspective and systematic understanding of a list of published literature into various subcategories is presented. In addition, existing privacy-preserving data mining approaches, their advantages, and limitations are also presented. The existing privacy-preserving data mining methods are classified based on variants of k-anonymity, distortion and pattern hiding used along with data mining mechanisms such as association rule mining, classification and the environment such as distributed and outsourced. This extensive study reveals the existing methodologies with their respective limitations, challenges, and emerging trends. Hence, this review would help researchers to carry out further research in privacy preservation data mining.

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The article describes technical characteristics of modern air conditioning systems that are of use to ensure the ambient conditions required for storage and display of art works in art museums. The author performs comparison analysis of centralized and autonomous air conditioning systems. The article includes an inference about how important it is to combine elements of both systems according to the design tasks and features of the integrated museum and exhibition platform (Museum Quarter in Krasnoyarsk), which includes historical buildings and new modern exhibition areas.

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In the past few years, a concern is observed internationally regarding the seismic mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete walls, especially against their transverse instability under extreme seismic loads. This is one of the reasons that relevant code provisions for minimum wall thickness exist in several modern international codes, as is e.g. EC8: 2004, NZS 3101: 2006. Consequently, because of the big importance of transverse instability and the role that plays in the seismic behavior and safety of constructions, a sedulous study is required about the mechanism of occurrence of this phenomenon and the factors that lead to its growth. The present work is experimental and tries to investigate the influence of the degree of elongation to the displacements (horizontal and vertical) and the modes of failure of test specimens using 5 test specimens with the same longitudinal reinforcement ratio (6.03%) but strained to different degrees of elongation.

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Nanoparticles have been used widely in oil and gas industry. Many researchers have identified nanoparticles as a good agent to enhance oil recovery due to its characteristics and properties. Therefore, this research was conducted experimentally to investigate the efficiency of Al2O3 and ZrO2to alter the wettability of oil-wet dolomite rock. In this experiment, nanofluids were obtained by dispersing nanoparticles in cationic surfactant with the presence of sodium salt. The investigation was conducted by measuring contact angle reduction of dolomite surface after treatment with nanofluids. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images were used to observe the rock surface before and after the application of nanofluids. Meanwhile, energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) data was used to verify the adsorption of nanoparticles on the rock surface. Interfacial tension and surface tension of surfactant were also studied in order to examine the ability of the surfactant to increase the mobility of oil in the pore throat. Other than that, core displacement test was conducted to determine oil recovery after injection of nanofluids into the system and the efficiency of nanofluids to alter wettability of oil-wet dolomite rock is observed. From the testing, it was found that, reduction of contact angle was greater at below critical micelles concentration of the surfactant. After the addition of nanoparticles into the surfactant, the contact angle of the rock has become more reduced. Moreover, the effect of nanofluids injection on the rock to alter the wettability was assessed by core displacement test result. It was discovered that about 55 % and 64 % oil can be recovered by water flooding for sand pack 1 and sand pack 2 respectively. The remaining oil trapped in the rock was recovered with the injection of Al2O3 and ZrO2 nanofluids in sand pack 1 and 2 respectively. About 20 % and 16.7 % more oil can be recovered from sand pack 1 and sand pack 2 after the injection of 2 PV of nanofluids into the system. As a conclusion, this experimental works proves that, Al2O3 and ZrO2can act as enhanced oil recovery agent by altering the wettability of the rock system from oil-wet condition to a more water-wet condition.

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Nowadays by the increasing of the users of Al-Nahrain University, all of them suffer from the lack of public parking spaces because the parking demand grows often too quickly, significantly and unexpectedly. Public parking spaces as one of the important parts of Al-Nahrain University transportation system, plays an important role in decreasing the load of traffic. Suitable site selection for public parking spaces not only increases the parking efficiency, but it also decreases marginal car parking and so results in increase of streets width and traffic fluency. At the moment in the university, public parking site selection is done by traditional methods, which is randomly distributed in the site. In this traditional method, considering all of the effective parameters in site selection is almost impossible and site selection is done by just considering some limited factors. In this paper, we introduce an optimum method for parking site selection by the use of GIS and considering almost all of the effective parameters simultaneously. Also effective factors are considered from two main points of view including parking efficiency and the problem of providing required land for parking in the region of the University. Then, conceptual model of parking site selection is presented. Suitable design for parking is also selected for one of the high traffic regions of the university site. Different methods for information and layer integration are used and finally these methods are compared and the most suitable one was proposed.

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Reinforced concrete requires steel bars in order to provide the tensile strength that is needed in structural concrete. However, when steel bars corrode, a loss in bond between the concrete and the steel bars occurs due to the formation of rust on the bars surface. Permeability of concrete is a fundamental property in perspective of the durability of concreteas it represents the ease with which water or other fluids can move through concrete, subsequently transporting corrosive agents. Nanotechnology is a standout amongst active research zones that envelops varies disciplines including construction materials. The application of nanotechnology in the corrosion protection of metal has lately gained momentum as nanoscale particles have ultimate physical, chemical and physicochemical properties, which may enhance the corrosion protection in comparison to large size materials. The presented research aims to study the bond performance of concrete containing relatively high volume nano silica (up to 4.5%) exposed to corrosive conditions. This was extensively studied through tensile, bond strengths as well as the permeability of nano silica concrete. In addition micro-structural analysis was performed in order to evaluate the effect of nano silica on the properties of concrete at both; the micro and nano levels. The results revealed that by the addition of nano silica, the permeability of concrete mixes decreased significantly to reach about 50% of the control mix by the addition of 4.5% nano silica. As for the corrosion resistance, the nano silica concrete is comparatively higher resistance than ordinary concrete. Increasing Nano Silica percentage increased significantly the critical time corresponding to a metal loss (equal to 50 ?m) which usually corresponding to the first concrete cracking due to the corrosion of reinforcement to reach about 103 years instead of 23 years as for the normal concrete. Finally, increasing nano Silica percentage increased significantly the residual bond strength of concrete after being subjected to corrosive environment. After being subjected to corrosive environment, the pullout behavior was observed for the bars embedded in all of the mixes instead of the splitting behavior that was observed before being corroded. Adding 4.5% nano silica in concrete increased the residual bond strength to reach 79% instead of 27% only as compared to control mix (0%W) before the subjection of the corrosive environment. From the conducted study we can conclude that the Nano silica proved to be a significant pore blocker material.

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The advent of the mobile cloud computing is the recent exploration among the users. It’s a service obtained from the cloud computing that shares the resources, software and information to the peers and with the Smartphone as a utility service. Resources namely storage space, memory and processing time are quite discontented at the end users. In this paper, we make a study about enhancing the storage spaces of the smartphones using swarm prediction approach. We propose a hybrid algorithm named Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) with the aid of Binomial Formation of Arbitrary Numbers (BFAN). The task of this hybrid algorithm is to efficiently allocate the cloud resources to its intended mobile cloud users. Better positioning of the sub-jobs in the cloud servers may enhance the storage space is the thought of this research. Key formation is the basic building block of the security issues in cloud computing. Using BFAN, the best and secured fitness value is obtained. The parameter settings and its results proved the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

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In this paper, a simple control scheme is proposed for the integrating first order process with time delay (IFOPTD) with inverse response. The proposed control scheme comprises of a PID controller in series a with lead/lag filter. The controller follows the design steps that hold the polynomial approach and the analytical tuning rules based on maximum sensitivity. Robustness studies on the system performance concerning the uncertainties in the parameters of process. In the proposed control scheme, only one parameter is needed to be tuned with which a better control in terms of nominal and robust performances are obtained. The proposed method is implemented fro benchmarking problems in the literature studied by researchers. Noteworthy change in the closed loop performance is acquired when contrasted with the recent methods.

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The article presents the results of experimental investigations of the magnitude and nature of change loads drive of mine shuttle car VS-30 used to deliver ore to extraction chambers in potash mines. The design of program-recording complex "VATUR" developed by employees of the department "Mining Electrical Engineering" Perm National Research Polytechnic University. In the investigation of operating modes of the drive of self-propelled mine wagons were carried out measurements and recording the instantaneous values of voltage and current of electric motors, calculated values of active and apparent power consumed by the motor pump stations and bottom conveyors of mine shuttle car. Carried out investigations modes of operation and changing loads on the units and details of the tram drive. It is proved that the operation of electric motors of the mine shuttle cars increased characterized by a systematic overload. Outdated system controlling the rotational speed of shafts drive motor gives rise to considerable dynamic loads on components of mechanical transmissions for shuttle cars. Significant loss of time causing the reduction in technical performance longwall set of equipment of potash mines arises during the maneuvering operations and unloading ore from shuttle cars. Based on the analysis of the change of loading drives and statistics of dangerous failures were justified the technical solutions to improve the reliability of mine shuttle car. The recommendations to increase the efficiency of transporting potash in the longwall set of equipment, improving maneuverability of self-propelled cars and reduce downtime for unloading are given.

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The Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a sophisticated manufacturing process. It is preferable to produce multifaceted geometry with high accuracy in hard materials like Inconel 800 nickel based super alloy are tremendously difficult to machine by using conventional manufacturing processes. It is sometimes, only an alternative for generating accurate 3D complex shapes of macro, micro and nano features in such materials with the features of erstwhile advanced manufacturing processes. Such challenging task can be achieved by use of EDM is depending upon selection of appropriate process parameters. Taguchi full factorial Design based experimental investigation performed in this research aims to study the influence of input parameters in EDM on Inconel 800 with silver coated electrolytic copper electrode. The full factorial design is obtained from Minitab release 14 software. The experimental runs were performed with variable input conditions such as pulse off time, peak current and pulse on time to process Inconel 800 nickel based super alloy for analyzing the response of surface roughness, material removal rate, and tool wear rate. The result of these experimental runs has helped to meet the manufacture requirements of preparing process parameter selection card for processing Inconel-800 jobs.

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Brushless dc (BLDC) motors are very prominent for majority of the applications because of their high reliability and simplicity. The detection and diagnosis of fault is required in advance for the implementation of fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategy. Thereby, even in the fault situation, the fault tolerant control of the motor is crucial. In this paper, an efficient fault detection control algorithm has been proposed for three phase full bridge inverter of BLDC motor. The proposed method control algorithm an able to identify and detect both the short circuit and open circuit faults. In order to isolate fault and further avoid the secondary fault various Protective measures are taken consideration. The simulation result, FUZZY logic controller is also implemented for speed control loop and comparison is made with PI and FUZZY speed controller.

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Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) has recently become popular in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) path planning. Similar to other evolutionary algorithms, the performance of BBO is affected when the parameter setting is not finely tuned. Therefore, the BBO parameters are optimized in this research particularly for application in UAV path planning. Each combination setting of parameters is simulated 100 times to obtain the average performance. The optimum population size and mutation rate of BBO settings for UAV path planning are also proposed.

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Regression analysis is one of statistical methods for modelling the relation between response variable and predictors variable. Analysis of regression approach was doing three ways such as parametric regression, nonparametric regression and semi parametric regression. One of nonparametric regression methods is Local Polynomial, which is it need kernel function to modelling. Longitudinal data is the data that combine time series and cross sectional data. Nowadays, we can developed modelling longitudinal data used local polynomial. The first steps to modelling it, we should find optimum bandwidth. One of method to find optimum bandwidth is use Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) method. The optimum bandwidth is smallest GCV’s value. In this paper, we modelling seven inflation sector in Indonesia. The sectors are (1) foodstuffs; (2) food, beverages, cigarettes and tobacco; (3) housing, water, electricity, gas and fuel; (4) clothing; (5) health sector; (6) education and sport sector; and (7) transportation, communication and financial services. We used Gaussian kernel function as weighted. The results of this research produce R-square 82.01%.

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Since the wind speed is random and unpredictable, the control of the power flowing between the wind energy conversion system (WECS) and the electric grid is challenging. In this paper, the active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) and the PI controller are used in the control of a variable speed wind system based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). This generator is controlled via its rotor which is connected to the grid by two back to back converters, a DC bus and a filter. For the rotor side converter (RSC), the voltage reference is provided by the rotor current control loop. This control loop gets its reference from the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm used to maximize the power extracted from the wind. As for the grid side converter (GSC), its voltage reference is obtained from the DC voltage regulation. All is simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment and both controllers are compared in terms of reference tracking and robustness against parametric variations. Results show that ADRC drives the system to its reference quicker than the PI with no weakness to modeling errors or parametric variations and with respect to the desired time response. In addition, the test results proved a high sensitivity of the PI controller to parametric variations.

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The authors analyze the role of coal industry in modern Russia and determine problems and perspectives of its development with the help of clustering. The authors perform evaluation of current competitiveness of Russian coal industry, conduct SWOT-analysis of development of Russian coal industry, and determine probable consequences of advantages of clustering for development of coal industry of Russia. The authors’ recommendations are presented in the form of cluster model of development of Russian coal industry.

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Refactoring or Platform migration is a process of improving the underlying design and architecture of legacy systems that subsequently can improve their performance and maintainability. Many of the legacy technologies are no longer supported, hence the need for migration. However, the refactoring tools are not correct in every possible cases and programmers cannot trust them. One has to make sure that the functionality of the legacy system remains intact after going through the process of migration. Hence there is a need to build certified refactoring tools which were useful for industrial developments. In this paper, we will address the complete automated certification mechanism which certifies all the functional components of a service or application and various process involved during the certification phase. We are particularly interested in complex program transformation based on a sequence of refactoring operations provided by eclipse tools.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the degradation of phenol in water using advance oxidation process by plasma system. Source of water was collected from Kuranji River in Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The experiments were carried out to see the effect of flow rate on first order reaction of phenol, removal efficiency and energy efficiency. The results shown that the first order reaction and removal efficiency are decreases with increasing of flow rate. The energy efficiency (Gphenol) decreases from 2.98 to 1.98 ?mol/Joule as flow rate increases from 30 to 100 mL/minute. These results found that the flow rate is important parameter to control the degradation of phenol in plasma system.

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In this paper, we studied the influence of Hall current and transpiration on an unsteady MHD free convection electrically conducting incompressible fluid flow along past a infinite vertical plate embedded in a porous medium with presence of viscous dissipation. An efficient Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to solve non-dimensional PDE’s for primary, secondary velocity and temperature of fluid flow with influence of emerging dimensionless parameters, Transpiration cooling parameter, Hall current, Magnetic parameter, Prandtl Number and Eckert number. The velocity, temperature and concentration fields are physically interpreted through graphical forms.

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This paper presents a development of an Adaptive Distance Alert Safety System (ADASS) on child tracking using Arduino microcontroller. A developed prototype of ADASS is designed to alert guardians in detecting human or children presence in a selected covered area. It comprised with a portable module called transmitter which hold by a child and a receiver hold by a guardian. The module works as guards to keep alert on the child existence if the child goes beyond the selected safety area. The system designed which provides three adaptive different signals coverage with Arduino microcontroller. Adaptive signals and different sound volumes are alert in the distance alert area are set as 50m, 70m and 100m as the adaptive signals. Buzzer sounds is created to react with frequency signal and produces different levels sound strength which are low, medium and high volume followed the set of distance of the alert area. Short Message Service (SMS) is sent to guardian if the child is outside the signal range. The Communications signal for the alert system from transmitter to receiver uses Radio Frequency (RF) signal. The RF signal is analyzed based on the adaptive distance alert. Result presents a prototype of ADASS that designed with three new parameters and alerts evaluation is successfully identified in cases of child appearance.

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The reflectarray combines much of the simplicity of the reflector antenna with the performance of the array antenna. This paper presents an analysis and design of unit cell of reflectarray antenna using a square patch and square loop radiating elements and the steps taken in the design of a reflectarray unit cell operates in X -Band (8-12 GHz) at the center frequency of 10 GHz. The result of an analysis is generated from the Computer CST Microwave Studio using the approach of Floquet. This model takes into account a mutual coupling between elements, and is an efficient way to accurately characterize reflectarray elements.

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Nowadays, prolonged sitting becomes bad ergonomic habit within office workers. While they are too focusing on works, they do not realize this habit can lead to unhealthy lifestyle. This project proposed an algorithm of monitoring system for automated prolonged sitting detection at office workplaces by using Kinect Camera. The skeleton joints obtained from real-time skeleton data of Kinect camera will be analyzed in selecting the appropriate skeleton joint coordinates that can represent sitting and standing activities. This was done using the boxplot technique, which can identify the discriminate features of both activities. After that, the prolonged sitting detection system was developed based on the selected skeleton joint. The developed system will give user the real-time feedback of how long they had been sitting and record the sitting time. Analysis of the result revealed that there are 7 out of 20 skeleton joint coordinates can discriminate between sitting and standing with 98.33% accuracy of the developed system.

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In this paper we discuss the effects of radiation, double dispersion and MHD on heat and mass transfer in a mixed convective Newtonian flow over a semi infinite vertical plate embedded in a non-Darcy porous medium. The basic governing equations are made dimensionless by introducing similarity variable and transformations. The resulting equations are then solved numerically by fourth order Runge-Kutta method coupled with shooting technique. Velocity, Temperature and Concentration Profiles against the similarity variable are shown graphically. Also the profiles of heat and mass transfer against the mixed convection parameter are shown graphically.

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