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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences                     December 2021  |  Vol. 16  No. 23
   
Title: Effect of hot press temperature on physical and mechanical properties of composites of polyester resin files with chicken EGG (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) shell powder
Author (s): Alvin, Vanessa, M. H. S. Ginting, R. Hasibuan, M. Lubis and G. E. Ayu
Abstract:

This study was conducted to study the effect of temperature hot press variation of mechanical chicken egg polyester chicken egg powder (Gallus Gallus Domesticus). This research was conducted in several places, namely the preparation of eggshells as fillers, composite making, and examiners. The eggshell is mashed and sifted, then the chicken eggshell powder is mixed with polyester using 80/20 and the mekpo catalyst is 1% of the mass of the matrix. After that, it is printed using compression mold with variations in temperature of 30 °C, 45 °C, 60 °C, 75 °C, 90 °C, and 105 °C. The composites formed were then analyzed for their mechanical properties and the results of the tensile strength and composite impact required for variations in temperature of the hot press 60 °C were 35.78 MPa and 8.99 J/m2 were achieved.

   

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Title: Point to point positioning control of rotary system with NCTF controller and PID controller
Author (s): Rozilawati Mohd. Nor and Sahazati Md. Rozali
Abstract:

A practical control scheme is proposed for a one mass rotary system. It was written to demonstrate the controller performance towards positioning and tracking control. For this system, the Nominal Characteristic Trajectory Following (NCTF) controller is proposed and improved. The objective of NCTF controller is to make the object motion to follow the NCT and ends at it origin. Generally, the NCTF controller consists of a Nominal Characteristic Trajectory (NCT) obtained from open loop response and Proportional Integral (PI) compensator. The CM-NCTF controller is proposed for evaluating the motion performance and compare with the conventional NCTF controller and PID controller. For positioning control, both NCTF controllers demonstrate almost identical positioning performance. However, for tracking control, CM-NCTF controller demonstrates better tracking performance than the conventional NCTF controller with the smallest motion error presented. Besides, the robustness of the CM-NCTF controller to the variation load is also examined.

   

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Title: Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of AA7050/B4C composites
Author (s): J. Chandrasheker and N. V. S. Raju
Abstract:

This paper presents the preparation and examination of the mechanical characteristics of AA7050/B4C MMC’s. Boron carbide particles (B4C) were used to strengthen the aluminum (AA7050) alloy. Stir casting was used to develop the AA7050/B4C MMC’s. AA7050/B4C MMC samples with various B4C weight fractions were produced (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12wt. percent). In this research, mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness were investigated. The inclusion of 9wt. % boron carbide in aluminum matrix enhanced the tensile strength of the composites by 30.3%. The composites tensile strength improves significantly up to 9wt. % B4C, after which the rise in tensile strength is decreased mainly because of the cluster formation of the reinforcements. Elongation of the MMC’s decreased as the proportion of boron carbide (B4C) particles in the aluminum alloy increased. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) revealed that the homogenous dispersal of B4C reinforcing particles in the AA7050 alloy. The distribution of reinforcement particles in the aluminum alloy increased the composites hardness and tensile strength.

   

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Title: Multiclass motor imagery data classification using deep learning method for BCI application
Author (s): D. Hari Krishna, Jigar Patel, M. C. Chinnaaiah, I. A. Pasha and T. Satya Savithri
Abstract:

The Brain Computer Interface (BCI) systems have incredible applications both in clinical and non-clinical areas. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the most used neuroimaging techniques to acquire brain activity in BCI Systems. However, EEG signals are usually very complex and requires extensive processing to analyze them. This paper explores the implementation of motor imagery (MI) paradigm based BCI system based on the on deep learning. A typical deep learning model includes the stages of pre-processing, feature extraction and classification in single model. However, such model requires lot of data for training purpose. In order to compensate this data requirement, this paper implements a deep learning model based on CNN with extracted features as an input. The implemented model consists of three CNN layers followed by fully connected layers. The model performed with 80% of classification accuracy on average in offline analysis. In real-time analysis, the approximate accuracy was 66.9 % across the subjects.

   

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Title: Healthcare system using a medical service robot based on Internet of Things
Author (s): Abdelhaleem Hussein, Mohamed Ghazi, Manal Ali, Mahmoud Y. Shams and Tamer Medhat
Abstract:

The corona virus (COVID-19) epidemic in Egypt exposed the medical community to a high risk of death. Because cases erupted later in Egypt than in many other countries, the Egyptian medical community was warned of the injuries caused by contact between medical staff and infected patients, which led to the breakdowns of health systems. To protect against these injuries, this study proposes a medical service robot (MSR1) that fights the spread of COVID-19 by sterilizing its paths. Moreover, the robot provides health and medical services to patients in their rooms, avoiding direct contact between patients and medical staff. The MSR1 robot was designed and realized using electronic device components and sensors. Its video frontal camera is installed with a chat application that allows easy communication with patients. The proposed MSR1 architecture was examined remotely by our colleague patients using Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies. The evaluation confirmed the reliability of MSR1 and its fast response to issued commands.

   

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Title: IoT applications to fight against pandemics: 3D printing aiding in sustainable technology
Author (s): Hanaa Salem and M. S. M. Elksasy
Abstract:

Internet of Things (IoT) refers to those machines over which your company has entire authority. The data received is owned by the company; activities can be stimulated by data-driven decisions to command IoT systems to perform specific steps. The Internet of Every Things (IoE) is an extension of the IoT. It would include all machines that are not under the control of an organisation but are either trying to present valuable information to the business or are virtually impossible to prevent from sending information across the company's network. IoE and 3D printing are two significant emerging innovations that are increasingly impacting many sectors and our daily lives. 3D printing is used in many different fields, and it can be used in the front lines facing emergencies, for example, the last and most urgent one is the spread of the outbreak virus. With the spread of Corona virus, the world has been divided using quarantine in several countries, meaning that health services have been unable to provide emergency treatment. 3D printers or Additive Manufacturing (AM) suffer from a high error rate, small product sizes, difficulty tracking, process enforcement, and abrupt current cut-off failing print; the loss of time, 3D printers are still costly, effort and content. Industry 4.0 is transforming the supply chain more and more, thus improving technology's sustainable growth. This paper addresses these problems by using certain features such as Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to avoid the printing process failure, larger frame size helps to provide maximum remote control and monitoring for the printer while printing larger items, websites, and smart phones. The methods and algorithms of connecting a 3D printer with an IoE application are recorded, and the configuration and workflow for the IoE application will be provided in the results section. Incorporating more features such as a camera for the monitoring printing process, mobile application, UPS circuit, full remote control, and website monitoring, low cost, we expect to take the 3D printers to the next generation. It became evident that this technology would significantly contribute to fighting against this epidemic and has benefited society and health and related field specialists.

   

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Title: Fiber-Reinforced polymer composite for use of a blade runner’s artificial leg of lower-limb amputees
Author (s): Athanasius P. Bayuseno, Arijuna Pratama, Rifky Ismail and J. Jamari
Abstract:

Carbon fiber sports prostheses have been commonly implemented for lower-limb amputees to participate in competitive sports in which a blade runner’s artificial legs are embedded into the structural design of artificial limbs. In the present study, the blade runner’s artificial legs of the fiber-reinforced polymer composite with the good impact of spring load resistance were fabricated. The composite was prepared using the prepreg carbon fiber and made through the curing method out of autoclave with the manufacturer's recommended cure cycle (MRCC) profile. The fabricated composites with a variation of the number of layers were then subjected to mechanical property and density in addition to voids evaluation. Results showed that the artificial leg composites with layers of from 25 to 40 could endure under compressive loading in the range of 1442 N-2266 N for each step. Therefore the composite can be implemented for the lower-limb prostheses with the user's body weight less than 70 kg. The outcome of the study may also add knowledge for fabricating the blade runner’s artificial legs at a low cost.

   

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Title: Development of a computational tool for kinematic analysis of planar mechanisms with one degree of freedom by means of numerical methods
Author (s): Cristian A. Pedraza-Yepes, Osneider E. Pertuz-Legro and Abraham J. Tanus-Camargo
Abstract:

This technological development consists of the implementation of numerical methods, vectors, two-dimensional matrices and programming language, whose purpose is to analyze and calculate kinematic variables of position, velocity and acceleration of flat mechanisms with a predefined degree of freedom. For the development of this desktop application, the advances that have been made in this area were reviewed and, based on this; didactic software was proposed that meets the necessary requirements for the kinematic analysis of flat mechanisms with a degree of freedom. An algorithm was developed, and then the instructions coded in a high-level programming language, which allows the processing of user-supplied input parameters through graphical interfaces and dialog boxes. The processed data are dimensional and geometrical properties, location and relative joints of the physical elements belonging to a configuration type of flat mechanisms. This computational tool, which consumes few computer resources, provides kinematic resolution of flat mechanisms with a degree of freedom in processing times of the order of milliseconds, on the other hand, it avoids using geometric and analytical methods, which are tedious and extensive in written equations, therefore, it reduces the risk of misusing a variable or a mathematical sign. The functionality of this application is tested by solving exercises proposed and existing in the literature on the theory of machines and mechanisms.

   

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Title: Machine learning for African air freight
Author (s): Boutaina Hajjar and Omar Drissi Kaitouni
Abstract:

Air freight transportation plays a pivotal role in stimulating economic development and enabling supply chains growth. Air cargo drives global trade by carrying more than 6.7 $ trillion of goods’ value. Amid COVID Crisis, airfreight traffic remains essential in carrying nearly 1.5 million metric tons of medical equipment. Compared to normal demand pattern of 2019, air cargo volumes reached the levels of pre-pandemic period. In a dismal world air cargo market, African countries have continued to lead the international growth and reached by 2021 the highest pace of progress with 22.4% of growth. To sustain a positive pattern of development in Africa, it is relevant to develop a forecasting model using machine learning applications. Forecasting future market performance is essential for empowering planning processes. Nevertheless, only few researches have been developed for African countries. The main objective of this paper is to examine the driving factors of air cargo volume in Africa. For this purpose, we have applied machine learning algorithm to enhance the accuracy of data input and develop a reliable forecasting model. Findings and results emphasize that 28265774701 TY market of air cargo volume in Africa will contribute to GDP expansion by 13% over the next 20 years. This performance will help key stakeholders to improve African market and develop further prospects leading its potential growth.

   

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Title: The use of solar radiation as alternative sources of energy in SMEs in Jordan
Author (s): Rami Saleem Razouq
Abstract:

This paper study the extent using of solar radiation as an alternative energy source in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan. A questionnaire was distributed randomly to selected sample of SMEs from Amman province to collect the needed data and it is divided into three sections. The first section focused on the demographic and economic characteristics of entrepreneurs. The second section study the limitations that affects on using of solar radiation as an alternative energy source in SMEs. The last section focused on future expectations of this source and the facility mechanisms in the economic conditions of SMEs in Jordan. The results showed that SME economic conditions are below moderate levels, and the major obstacles of using the solar radiation as a source of energy are the wide roof space required for the solar cells. This study recommends the government to adopt plans for the solar unit's construction in industrial and service zones.

   

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Title: Brain tumor detection in MRI images using optimization techniques
Author (s): S. Valarmathy and R. Ramani
Abstract:

Imaging is one of the techniques used to visualize the internal structure of MRI Images, which is used to detect tumors. Classifying Tumor in MRI image data is challenging task. Features are extracted from MRI images by using wavelet decomposition method and feature reductions are obtained based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) techniques. For analytical data mining Boosting algorithm is used to produce a sequence of classifiers. The hybrid-learning techniques are used to boost the classification accuracy. The optimized Genetic Algorithm (GA) - Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm are proposed to increase the classification accuracy of tumor detection in MRI Images.

   

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Title: Comparison between grey models, exponential smoothing model and holt-winter model in predicting the number of people infected with the COVID 19 pandemic in Iraq
Author (s): Asmaa Shaker Ashoor
Abstract:

The methods of time series analysis are one of the most important statistical methods used in this field, as the study of a phenomenon over a period of time and identification of its pattern and behavior alongside with the factors affecting, predicting it as well, the future values of the phenomenon under study and contributing to the formulation of future policies and the development of plans could build a service system that addresses the negative aspects of the studied case and raise the level of services provided by the state. The study aims to determine the best model for predicting the levels of infection with the COVID 19 pandemic and the preferred model, among those models was the Grey Verhulst model according to the predictive measures MAPE and RMSE, where the lowest values of these measures were for the GVM(1,1) model which indicates a high predictive efficiency and the possibility of adopting its predictions to determine the future levels of the numbers of people infected with the COVID 19 pandemic. The study also indicated that the rest of the models were statistically acceptable, but they were not of high predictive efficiency compared to the GVM model (1,1).

   

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Title: Modeling and Finite Element Analysis of water fetching aid
Author (s): Sonali P. Patil and Keshav K. Sangle
Abstract:

Water fetching aid a device is important for fetching water in rural area. It is designed to with stand stresses from the fetching 50liters water at onetime. The purpose of a water fetching aid is to reduce the burden of rural women while fetching the water. The most effective feature of a water fetching aid is that it should be easy for handling and lighter in weight. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the stresses developed in water fetching aid under static loading conditions with different angle of inclination. And then look forward for weight reduction of water fetching along with material optimization. The model of the water fetching aid is developed using CATIAV5 and ANSYS is used for stresses analysis by simulation (this method is also known as Finite Element Analysis by simulation). This is the cost and time effective method of analysis. Mild steel are is a material considered as the optimizing material.

   

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Title: Milkfish size classification method using Image Processing
Author (s): Frederick Von A. Ibasco
Abstract:

This paper proposes a realistic method for measuring the size of fish that is efficient and simple. Since the fish that are measured have different in size, the key technical challenge when we calculate the fish size is to measure accurately based on standard. Photographs and measurements of the length and width of 150 fish were taken at the same time. A set of 100 images had background-labeled pixels. This classified dataset was then used to automatically segment images into certain pixel groups for the training of Deep Learning Networks. So I present the classification and sorting scheme of fish size without any interaction with them. The portable device consists of an adjustable height camera mounted on a rod and the camera will be connected to a computer for capturing images, four adjustable intensity lights to be used for illumination, and an image processing program in which we have built to calibrate and measure the length and width of the fish. Lastly, the actual data on length and width will be registered. This paper provides tests and analysis that will check the system's practicality and effectiveness.

   

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Title: Wind power plant automatic control system with air sail quality
Author (s): S. A. Orynbayev, A. B. Kabanbayev, L. N. Esmahanova and G. U. Kuttybayev
Abstract:

Renewable energy sources are promising from an environmental point of view energy carriers, which in the future, along with other sources of electric energy, should come to replace traditional sources based on hydrocarbon materials. Turbine wind power stations are most widely used in renewable energy. However, in view of a number of disadvantages inherent in these wind power stations, at present, sailing wind power stations with swinging one or more sails, which do not contain rotary turbines, have been proposed. The article discusses issues aimed at creating an automatic control system for a sailing wind power station, which is designed to increase the productivity, ease of operation and reliability of the wind power station as a whole.

   

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Title: Assessment and modeling of electric force in a Jig device
Author (s): M. A. Ospina-Alarcón, L. M. Úsuga-Manco, G. E. Chanchí-Golondrino and S. Gómez-Arango
Abstract:

This paper presents a study of particle motion in a water oscillating flow on a Jig device, which is a high yield and high recovery gravimetric concentrator device widely used in minerals processing. The phenomenon of the particle trajectory changes when the electric field force exists. A mathematical Eulerian-Lagrangian model is used where fluid motion is calculated by solving the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations by a SIMPLE algorithm. The motion of individual particle is obtained from Newton’s second law of motion through the action of forces imposed by the water, gravity, and electric field. The calculation and comparison of hydrodynamics forces with other forces acting on particle trajectories in water oscillating flows were carried out under turbulent regimen flow. Through the graphic observation in the simulation, it is found that the study found that electric field force has a significant effect on the particle’s trajectories, affecting their subsequent stratification.

   

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Title: Implementation of mechanical elements and materials for knee joint prostheses
Author (s): Arnoldo Emilio Delgado, Gonzalo G. Moreno Contreras and William Javier Mora Espinosa
Abstract:

This article aims to highlight the importance of the materials used in the manufacture of prostheses, through the knowledge of their characteristics and mechanical properties in order to use them on the manufacture of links and sockets. The most commonly used materials in the prosthetics industry are: titanium, polymers, synthetic polymers, among others, which provide adequate pressure distribution, and a high shocks absorption capacity and elasticity, this facilitates their relationship of the human body.

   

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Title: Design and assembly of a topological network diagram that provides security, confidentiality, integrity and availability in the data network of the company Controles Empresariales SAS Neiva
Author (s): Jesús D. Quintero-Polanco, Jesús D. Joven-Vega and Martin D. Bravo-Obando
Abstract:

The perimeter security system is a possible method of defense of a network, based on the establishment of security resources in the external perimeter of the network at different levels. This study established a perimeter security system for the company Controles Empresariales SAS - Regional Neiva taking into account the basic pillars of cyber security, Haredization manuals and ISO 27001 standard. Through the identification of different types and brands of Firewall devices, we selected the option that best suited the needs of the Company. The necessary guidelines were established for the design of the topological network diagram, the Firewall was installed, configured and parameterized, the configuration of the interfaces in Software Switch mode in order to be able to differentiate the traffic in the different VLANs. Finally, the network access users were created and the security profiles, the SSL VPNs were established and the equipment of the Company's collaborators were configured, carrying out bandwidth consumption tests, vulnerability analysis and security audit at the system.

   

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Title: Estimation the influence of internal residual gases on peak firing temperature and NOx emission of a V-Twin engine
Author (s): Nguyen Tien Han and Nguyen Xuan Khoa
Abstract:

The exhaust residual gases and effective release energy are known as essential factors, which influence engine performance and emission characteristics. Herewith we estimated the effect of residual gas on peak pressure rise, effective release energy, and engine emissions. It is complicated to determine the residual gas ratio, the effective release energy under the various testing conditions from the experiments. Through combined experimental and simulation methods we eliminated certain above drawbacks. From results of the research, we thoroughly investigated the effects of engine speed, air-fuel ratio, valve overlap, combustion duration, intake port diameter-bore ratio, and bore-stroke ratio on the internal exhaust residual gases recirculation. We also found that the increase in the exhaust residual gas ratio from 1% to 5% was due to the peak firing temperature decrease from 2900 K to 1250 K, the peak pressure rise decrease from 8 to 5.5 bar/deg, the effective release energy decrease from 0.85 to 0.53 kJ, the NOx emission reduction from 11.3 to 2.12 g/kwh and the engine brake torque decrease from 20.3 to 9 Nm.

   

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Title: Study of possibilities of unification of semi-trailer modules for trucks
Author (s): Dmitriy Mikhailovich Vokhmin
Abstract:

The possibility of using a unified approach when creating modular frames and the use of unified modular elements are discussed in the paper. The aim of the work is to simplify production and, as a result, improve the quality, increaser liability and speed of production of frames for various types of trailers and semi-trailers. Depending on the required carrying capacity of the vehicle, the number of unified modules is changed with the help of universal fastening elements, which make it possible to assemble cargo platforms for various purposes from a small set of parts. The use of such unified modules makes it possible to assemble the frame for trailers or semi-trailers of various lengths and carrying capacities.

   

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Title: A comparison of vehicle ride comfort performance of hydraulic engine mount system with rubber engine mount system
Author (s): Ta Tuan Hung, Le Van Quynh, Dang Viet Ha, Canh Chi Huan, Bui Van Cuong and Hoang Anh Tan
Abstract:

In order to assess the vehicle ride comfort performance between the hydraulic engine mount system (HEMs) and rubber engine mount system (REMs), both dynamic models of the hydraulic engine mount (HEM) with inertia track and decoupler and the rubber engine mount (REM) are established to determine the vertical forces. And then the vertical forces of engine mounts are linked with a full-vehicle dynamic model under the combination of two excitation sources such as internal combustion engine and road surface excitations. The time domain root mean square (r.m.s) and power spectral density (PSD) acceleration responses of the vertical motion, pitch and roll angles of vehicle body are chosen as objective functions to compare the vehicle ride comfort performance of the two engine mounts. The study results show that the values of the root mean square (r.m.s) acceleration responses with HEMs are respectively reduced in comparison with REMs and the peak values of PSD acceleration responses are respectively reduced when compared with REMs in low frequency region from 0.5Hz to 10Hz when both the vehicle and engine operate under the different operating conditions. Vehicle ride comfort is significantly improved with HEMs in low frequency region.

   

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Title: Classical and predictive control applied to a DC/DC bridge converter
Author (s): Santiago Quintana-Bravo, Andres F. Hinestroza-Garcia and Diego F. Sendoya-Losada
Abstract:

In this paper, two controllers, a Proportional Integral (PI) and a Model-based Predictive Controller (MPC), have been designed to regulate a DC/DC Bridge converter. First, the modeling and linearization of the system was performed using a frequency response estimation method. Then the PI controller was designed around a certain setpoint. Next, an algorithm was designed according to the Extended Prediction Self-Adaptive Control (EPSAC). Finally, the performance of the controllers was evaluated for setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection.

   

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