The study aims to analyze the diurnal variation of the concentration of ozone (O3) and its precursors, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in ambient air, as well as its relationship with the temperature, solar radiation and characteristics of traffic on the roadside area in Padang. O3 and its precursors sampling were carried out on three roads of Padang, which is classified according to its function, Ganting road representing local roads, Bagindo Aziz Chan road representing collector roads and Khatib Sulaiman road representing arterial roads. The results showed the highest concentrations measured in the Khatib Sulaiman road with the highest O3 concentrations occurred at 13:00 to 14:00 at 141.56 µg/m3, while the highest concentration of CO and NO2 occurred at 17:00 to 18:00 at 915.34 µg/m3 and 106, 13 µg/m3. The increase of solar radiation and the surface temperature is directly proportional to increasing concentrations of O3 and inversely proportional to the concentration of CO and NO2. Increased volume and traffic density is directly proportional to increasing concentrations of O3, CO and NO2, while traffic speed is inversely proportional to the concentration of O3, CO and NO2. However, the relationship between the traffic speed with NO2 concentrations tend to be weak and insignificant.

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Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) has been studied widely to reduce vibration. This paper discussed the effect of vibration source and TMD distance from the center of gravity (COG) to the vibration responses of a 2DOF main system. The system was mathematically modeled and simulated. The simulation results were verified experimentally and analyzed. The valid model was used to simulate the vibration responses and vibration reduction of the 2DOF main system due to variation of the vibration source distance and TMD distance from the COG. The best performance of TMD in reducing translational vibration obtained at frequency range of 11,6 to 14,8 Hz. Maximum reduction of translational vibration 94,56 % and rotational vibration 0% is obtained at its natural frequency (12,9 Hz) when TMD is located at the COG of the main system, with source of vibration distance from the main system’s COG of 0,12 m. Whereas maximum reduction of translational vibration 94, 81 % and rotational vibration 79, 48 % is obtained at its natural frequency (12,9 Hz) when TMD is located at the COG of the main system, with source of vibration distance from the main system’s COG of 0, 148 m. The simulation and experiment are in a good agreement with error ranging from 5% to 15%.

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Azelaic acid or nonanedioic acid is an organic compound that has important applications in the textile and pharmaceutical industries. The synthesis of azelaic acid was carried out by oxidizing oleic acid (OA) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidizer and tungstic acid (H2WO4) as a catalyst. This study was conducted to determine the correlation and significance of the effect of variable comparison to the resulting percent conversion of Iodine Number as well as to develop a more effective, selective and environmentally friendly process with H2O2/H2WO4 as oxidizer. The interactions effect of substrate mole ratio, percent catalyst, and temperature were observed to obtain maximum yield of azelaic acid by utilizing the Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that all variables influenced the percent conversion of Iodine Number expressed by the value of coefficient of determination (R2) of 92.08% and the results of variance analysis showed that all models contribute significantly to the percent conversion resulted. The oxidative cleavage reaction was evidenced by the decrease of iodine number and the product of the reaction was analyzed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The largest decrement of iodine number was recorded 99.12% and it was obtained on variation of substrate mole ratio of 1: 8 (OA/H2O2), 3% (wH2WO4/wt.OA) catalyst at temperature of 70oC. From the results of biocompatibility analysis, the process of synthesis of azelaic acid is eco-friendly because the waste generated is environmentally friendly and the catalyst used can be recycled.

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The arenga pinnata tree, which grows abundantly in North Sulawesi Indonesia, produces a simple sugar (Brix 14 percent) at a rate 20-35 liter per day that is fermented directly into ethanol without adding an enzyme. Generally, a high purity ethanol (99.5 percent) is blended with gasoline to be gasohol in one phase as an alternative energy for a heat machine fuel. To prepare the dehydrated ethanol, however, is very difficult and costly. This study was aimed to analyse the possibility of mixing the gasoline and impure ethanol becoming one phase substance, or aqueous gasohol, in which ethanol concentration was below 99.5 percent. Firstly, the ethanol was prepared through a natural yeasting of arenga pinnata juice and then was separated from water using reflux distillation filled by packing materials. It was found that ethanol purities obtained were 90-96 percent depending on column temperatures. The range of 78.00-78.50oC was the best condition whereby the product purities obtained were of 95 - 96 percent. By applying molecule sieves, ethanol purity could be improved to 99 percent. This work discovered that an aqueous gasohol (gasoline+ethanol+water) in one phase could be formed from various purities of ethanol from 80 until 99 percent. A gasohol E90 meant that fractions of gasoline and ethanol were 0.1 and 0.9 of gasohol, respectively. To blend E90, the ethanol purity at least was 83 percent whose water concentration was 15.30 percent of a gasohol. Meanwhile, an E23 was a 23 part of ethanol and 77 part gasoline of gasohol whereby ethanol purity should be above 96 percent. An E28 could be blended into gasoline and ethanol whose purity was 95 percent and water content was 1 percent. It was discovered if a content of ethanol of gasohol was reduced, the components directly were separated. Since the dehydrated ethanol was very expensive, this study recommended that the aqueous gasohol blended from gasoline and ethanol, which purity was below 96 percent, should be considered for a modified heat machine fuel.

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The field of action of the company Interedes are departments that are characterized by areas with difficult access by geographical conditions and public order such as Amazonas, Vaupés, Putumayo, Arauca and Sumapaz; Transmitting technologies such as radio links, to these areas is unlikely and highly costly. The satellite link becomes the best option and ultimately the most used; Although its implementation is somewhat expensive, VSAT stations have made the economic factor not an influential factor; Is ideal for breaking the limitations of distance and hostile geography; Is very susceptible to falls of the link between the station and satellite due to climatic aspects, overheating of the satellite modem and even by a low quality of the electrical service that supports the system; The best solution for the most frequent and stated problems is to make a reset to the satellite modem, suspend the electric fluid and after a few minutes reestablish the fluid, this restart cools the equipment, allows to establish a new connection to the satellite on a channel less Deteriorated, channel that would have better characteristics like better capacity of reception and transmission. When evidencing from the monitoring center the many occasions in which the technicians on site of the company have to leave their work and go to execute this restart, a prototype is implemented, which allows to automate this process, allowing short technical assistance times And greater time in the availability of the service, thus causing a positive impact on the customers. The prototype is focused on VSAT stations, but can be applied to different communication nodes and extends to preventive restarts on the second equipment according to the network topology, after the satellite modem, to correct locks on this device or blocking in the Ethernet ports on the same or on the satellite modem ports; The characteristics of the prototype are extended by providing temperature and humidity monitoring at three different points of the node or station and its average is printed on one of the three web pages with which the prototype counts.

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This paper deals with the design of a 2-D steel special moment frame vulnerable to high seismic risk using the ASCE 7-10 Code equivalent lateral force method (ELF). The equivalent lateral force method uses an approximate procedure to find the natural period of the system to get the total base shear before the design. In this paper, the actual natural period is computed after designing a 2-D steel special moment frame and the base shear is recalculated accordingly. For this purpose, the base shear from ELF is first used to design the 2-D frame according to the drift limitations as per ASCE 7-10 Code. The direct analysis method (DAM) of AISC 360 is then used to check the strength of the steel members. The new natural period of the 2-D frame is calculated using SAP2000 finite element program. The SAP2000 natural period is used to find the new base shear. It has been found that the SAP2000 natural period increases the total base shear by 62%. Consequently, a redesign for the steel special moment frame members should be considered to account for the difference in the base shear.

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In HVDC application the converter transformer plays a major role and its insulation system has to be designed to withstand AC, DC as well as transient over voltage stresses. In this work the effect of transient over voltages on the oil impregnated pressboard which is one of the main insulating materials used in converter transformer. Lightning and switching over voltages are generated using impulse generator circuit and the stress withstanding capabilities of the samples have been investigated. The changes in the shape of the impulse wave during surface degradation have been observed. The degraded zone of the insulation is subjected to ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. From the characteristic peaks of the spectroscopy the byproducts formed in the degraded zone of the insulating material due to the effect of lightning and switching impulses have been studied. The surface tracking patterns and the insulation failure due to surface tracking have also been studied.

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Chips are a snack that much-loved by the community. In the process of making chips require drying process. Drying is essentially an attempt to reduce the water content of the dried object. The method that can be used to remove the water content is the evaporation process. This method can take place when the drained object is subjected to a flowing heat. The evaporation method still used today is the conventional way of using sunlight. However, if there is no sunlight or even the rainy season arrives will affect the quality of the chips themselves. In this designed tool, a LPG gas dryer will be developed. This system consists of a DHT22 sensor, as an input to read the temperature and humidity values. Arduino microcontroller as main processor that will process input data from temperature and humidity sensor (DHT22). Output is a blower that is used to push hot air into space and when stepper motors open / close the flow of gas flow that causes fire. To make it easier for users to operate it, this tool has a start / stop button that is used to turn the tool on or off. The LCD display is used as an indicator to display the temperature and humidity values during the tool. The tool will stop automatically when the chip is dry. Test results from this thesis, indicating that the tool can die automatically when the dryer room has a humidity value of 15%. Once tested in its entirety, the dryer is able to dry the chips for 70 minutes. LPG fuel is able to do the drying process up to 3 times. Power consumption of 10W at standby and 71.5W when operating.

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This paper presents a laboratory study on synthesis and properties of ultraporous aluminum oxyhydroxide Al2O3n(H2O) (AlOOH aerogel) using a method of selective oxidation of Ga-Al and Bi-Al binary liquid metal fusions by water steam. Aerogel properties were studied by using the methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), synchronous differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC/TG), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The results of microstructure analysis showed that the aerogel had oriented in the space fibrous nanostructure with a “tensile” type of anisotropy, a fiber diameter varying from 5 to 15 nm. XRD examination showed that AlOOH aerogel kept amorphous up to 1000°. Results of the studies on thermal properties of the aerogel and its elemental composition are presented. It has been determined that aerogel has low thermal conductivity (~ 0.02-0.03 W/(mK) within a rather wide temperature range. Studies on using of small additives of AlO aerogel (0.5-5 max. %) to ceramic materials based on silicon nitride Si3N4, silicon carbide SiC, and zirconium dioxide ZrO2 showed that aerogel additive made it possible to increase physical and mechanical characteristics of ceramics in average on 20-30 %.

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Brush-less DC (BLDC) motor, now-a-days has become a predominant choice in usage of electrical motors in many applications due to its simple construction and high speed capable operations. This paper presents a photo-voltaic fed high voltage gain closed-loop DC-DC converter for BLDC motor drive application and BLDC motor drive is controlled using a simplified control strategy. Low voltage DC output from photo-voltaic (PV) system is stepped-up to desired value using a high-gain closed-loop DC-DC converter. The configuration of high-gain DC-DC converter with its closed-loop operation is depicted. The output of DC-DC converter is fed to BLDC motor through a converter for BLDC motor drive. Speed control of BLDC motor is achieved using a simplified speed control method in this paper and speed control is achieved without actually sensing the actual motor speed. This type of motor drive is very much suitable for air-conditioner applications. Simulation analysis for the proposed system is carried out for variable incremental/decremented speed with fixed torque and for variable torque with fixed speed conditions. The proposed simplified control strategy for speed control of BLDC motor drive in this paper is found very much suitable for fixed torque with variable speed conditions but found not very much suitable for variable torque and fixed speed conditions through simulation analysis. Proposed system was developed and results are analyzed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

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In the market today of temperature sensors, different methodologies of measurements were introduced such as Alcohol thermometer, Mercury thermometer, Temperature Dependent Resistor (RTD), Thermocouple that comes in different letters of calibration and temperature ranges and etc. However, there are some drawbacks using these temperature measurement technologies. And some of them must be operated with extreme caution. Like the Mercury Thermometer, usually it comes in the form of fragile glass tube packaging and has a certain temperature to operate. Operating this kind of thermometer will break instantly if exposed to temperatures out of range and releasing the highly toxic Mercury to the user or even contaminate the soil or ground water where it spilled. Thermocouples are efficient and durable in extremely high temperature measurement. But it does not produce a good reading result if the subject is vibrating or moving. Because it is dependent on the linear expansion of two different metallic elements. It may also get open circuited along the process. Temperature Dependent Resistor (RTD) is rugged and comes with different sizes where space constraint is an issue. It is linear and response but sometimes relatively expensive with respect to the range of temperature that needs to be measured. In this paper, this will give the reader an idea how to construct a precision, vibration resistant and multipoint Thermal Diode Acquisition Unit (TDAU) which uses either PNP or NPN Silicon Transistor with low ideality factor as the temperature sensor itself. The output digitized resolution will be in 32bit Analog to Digital Conversion representation.

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Abstract:

In this article, the effect of processing gain has been analyzed on optical coded IDMA at minimum loss. Processing gain is efficient parameter for direct–sequence spread spectrum communication on performance of optical IDMA system. IDMA is a recent multiple access technique through which multiple access interference (MAI) and inter symbol interference (ISI) can be minimized in the communication network. The convolutional codes are also used in this communication system for better error correction with variable processing gain and using random and tree inter-leaver in optical coded IDMA technique. In this article low rate convolutional codes are used, provides significant improvement in probability of error (Pe). By increasing the processing gain the performance of system will be enhanced. In this article effect of spreading i.e. processing gain variation is observed for random and tree inter-leaver for different number of users.

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Various imaging applications have adaptively used the lossless Huffman entropy coding technique since the redundancy of an image data will be expelled at the precise level. We proposed an accelerated parallel Huffman entropy coding algorithm which implements on the environment of GPGPU using CUDA architecture. This algorithm proceeds with a parallel histogram approach for determining the occurrence of every symbol of an input data, from that we generate a code word for every symbol after the construction of a sequential Huffman tree. Subsequently, the compressed data obtained as in hexadecimal form after applying the adaptive approach where it reads the data parallel as word wise (8, 16, 32, 64 bits) to the code word. The experimental results showed that the GPGPU runs the parallel code with the speed of 46X than the CPU's serial code.

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The results of studies on the justification of the combination of controllable factors of growth and development of rice, providing the usage of drip irrigation to obtain yields 5, 6 and 7 t/ha of grain are observed. During the investigations were determined the reaction norms of periodically watered rice on the various options for the water regime of the soil and to ensure their regulations irrigation, fertilizer application rates. The proposed irrigation technology can reduce the cost of irrigation water in the cultivation of rice in the 2.0-5.6 times in comparison with the traditional, and bring the total water consumption of this culture to a biologically sound one.

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Oil palm is a common plant in Sumatera Island Indonesia for the production of cooking oil. In the production of cooking oil, oil palm empty bunch is one of solid waste and the availability is in great amount. Oil palm empty bunch are commonly used as boiler, fertilizer and mulch as well as road hardeners. Oil palm empty bunch contain high lignocellulose, which is good for the main ingredient of ruminant feedstock after removing lignin from it using delignification process. Chemical method and combination of physical and chemical delignification were perform to investigate the process condition which result on the greatest lignin reduction. Sodium hydroxide solution and hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid solution were used as delignification agents. Physical methods such as sonication-microwave heating and direct heating were conducted after chemical treatment on the oil palm empty bunch. Delignification using 9% sodium hydroxide solution or 50% hydrogen peroxide in 15% acetic acid solution produced the greatest lignin reduction from 31.59% become 25.84% and 25.61%, respectively. Combination physical treatment (sonication and microwave or direct heating) and chemical treatment greatly reduced the amount of lignin when it using 50% hydrogen peroxide in 15% acetic acid solution. The amounts of lignin reduced become 3.11% and 1.46% for sonication-microwave and direct heating, respectively.

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The paper presents an aerodynamic analysis of compressible flow over airfoils used in the wing design of several military aircrafts. The calculations involved solving FANS equations. The influence of angle of attack on lifts and drags for all airfoils of interest were examined. The velocity contours were also analyzed and the onset of flow separation prior to stall was successfully determined. Furthermore, the aerodynamics data were classified as belong to either cambered or un-cambered airfoils.

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Power demand is increasing day-by-day in this fast growing technological scenario. Power system stability depends on how far the generation meets the load demand. Increase in load above total generation capacity can degrade the system stability. Use of fossil fuels for conventional power generation can increase the pollution which is most concern of world these days. Also the availability and cost is a concern while using fossil fuels. Distributed generation can be a viable option to generate pollution less, less running cost and cheap electricity. This paper presents the integration of power generated from distributed generation to grid to meet the load demands reducing the operation of conventional power generation from fossil fuels. The inverter used to invert DC power from distributed generation to AC type of power is controlled with d-q control theory. Proposed concept was developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and results were presented. The concept was developed for the cases of sending only active power to grid from distributed generation, sending only reactive power to grid from distributed generation and sending both active and reactive power to grid from distributed generation.

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This paper presents modelling and Optimization technique for examining the performance of power networks using renewable energy sources, mainly for PV Array and wind technologies. NR method is very complex, lengthy and error-prone because of the association of single and double derivative terms. Consequently, the algorithm length and complexity of the Newton Raphson Method algorithm has been simplified by using Particle Swarm optimization algorithm. A PSO algorithm-based approach is proposed in paper to optimize the location of a hybrid PV-Wind-Storage system in order to maximize the annual net profit. The system cost objective function is minimized for various applications, giving rise to an optimized SOC range corresponding to the minimum cost.

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The present-day agriculture involves anthropogenic effects on the soil, including the compaction and over compaction of soil horizons at depths up to 1.2 m. The plowing of the soil with moldboard plows to a depth of 0.3 m results in the formation of a plow pan (hardpan), which hampers the development of plant roots; the optimum soil density for most agricultural crops is ? = 1.1-1.3 t/m3. There are supporters and opponents of deep subsoil plowing; only the plow horizon is the main object of studies. Chisel tools (subsoilers) have been studied on modernized models, which ensure the deep non-moldboard loosening to a depth of 0.30-0.45 m and more (down to 0.8 m) with the use of straight or slant shanks. Shank cultivators developed by the Siberian Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture (SibIME), which penetrate to 0.30 m, were first used to control deflation. The American slant-shank subsoiler (Trade name, ‘Paraplow’) is the prototype of chisel implements. A range of tillage tools has been developed to form a ridged furrow bottom due to soil breakdown. Modernized tillage tools include breasts mounted on shanks for turning the upper (loosened) soil layer up to 0.20 m thick, as well as blades for cutting weeds, ridges, etc. Chisel modifications are mainly aimed at expanding their functional capabilities and decreasing the energy intensity of soil cultivation. The tests have confirmed the decrease of C, N, and humus losses; the improvement of the water and air conditions in the soil; the prevention of erosion; the improvement of tillage quality parameters; the increase of tractor aggregate output; and the saving of up to 25% of motor fuel.

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Spodoptera exigua is a threat to a wide range of agricultural crops. Entomopathogenic nematodes are the parasitic nematodes that have the ability to attack the harmful insects. This study aimed to analyzed the pathogenicity of the variant dosages of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) from Steinernematidae family in controlling the third instar larvae of S. exigua. The study’s design was completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatment groups and four times of repetition (10 larvae at each repetition). S. Exigua were taken from the field, then mass breeding was conducted at Biology Laboratory of Universitas Negeri Semarang for two generation. Third larvae were used for Bioassay test. EPN was isolated from organic, and mass breeding was conducted with Tenebrio molitor caterpillar. Effectiveness test was carried out due to the determination of LD90 hours. Regression analysis of count data used was probit analysis from Minitab 1.5 software. The results showed that EPN gave positive response against larvae of S. exigua within 90 hours. The conclusion was the Lethal Dosage90 for 96 hours (LD90 -96hours) of EPN against the larvae of S. exigua was 772 IJ/2 ml.

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Iris recognition has taken up much of the research space, owing to its heavy usage in security purposes. However, any practical application in safekeeping and defense would require quick results and high accuracy with minimal conditions. Our paper aims to obtain matching between visible and near infrared spectrums with the usage of Multi layer perceptron. We present reproducible experimental results from POLY U database.

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It is shown that the imaging algorithm, that is widely used in ultrasonic tomography of concrete building structures and based on the sequential focusing of the probing signal to each point of an object under monitoring and subsequent formation of tomographic image of the product, is focused on the visualization of point reflectors, while it relatively poor displays planar ones. At that, the tomographic image formation accuracy depends on adequate choice of value of ultrasound velocity in concrete. In addition, it is shown that basing on the application of “focusing to point” algorithm it is possible to implement standard-exclusion method for simultaneous determination of ultrasound velocity and failure location in non-extended products made of homogeneous materials.

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Presently several ventures and industries need perishable or eco-accommodating materials to interchange with existing materials with no compromise on properties or performance execution variety. Fibre strengthened compound resin materials are economically or monetarily perishable and renewable sources. These properties generated widespread research and development in this area, and these new materials have received more and more attention in industrial applications. Properties of such material will further be changed by adding natural resins with synthetic resin, therefore an effort was created in an exploitation of these composite of artificial plant product with jute fibre as reinforcement. So an endeavor was created by utilizing the properties of jute fibre with the mixture blend of three artificial resins particularly general purpose resin, vinyl ester organic compound and isophthalic polyester and cardanol alkali treatment. The employment of such composites for low-temperature structures is usually hindered by inconsistency of fabric properties choice of composite materials for such applications is tough and inferable by their anisotropic thermal behavior and complicated surface characteristics whereas undergoing low-temperature drifts and therefore the eventfully massive variations in their properties. it's well-known that polymeric materials have low thermal conductivity (0.1-0.5 W/m/K) and hence thermal expansion. Thermally sensitive to conductivity and expansion, polymer composites have many benefits compared to conventionally used metals, like low density, corrosion resistance, and low processing price. The parameters like cardanol concentration, type of synthetic resin and number of layers (and fibre orientation) are varied in this project and with the aid of Taguchi’s L9 array method, samples are prepared. The samples are tested for their coefficient of linear thermal expansion by Dilatometer. The variation of each parameter is studied and a regression equation is developed using ANOVA analysis for optimum thermal properties. The variation of every parameter is studied and an equation is developed for optimum thermal properties.

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The project aims to analyze the failure of glass/epoxy and graphite/epoxy laminates and investigates failure behavior of glass-graphite/epoxy hybrid composite with the numerical and experimental approach. Finite element simulation using ANSYS v15 is used to determine the first ply failure (FPF) and last ply failure (LPF) loads. The hybrid effect to glass-graphite/epoxy will be replicated and analyzed using with a various angle of fiber orientation (? = 0°, 45° and 90°) subjected to the uniaxial tensile test. Maximum Stress Theory and Tsai-Wu Failure Criteria are employed to determine the failure load (failure index = 1). In numerical approach, failure behavior of the two different composite laminates has been analyzed. The failure curves (FPF and LPF) for both theories (Maximum Stress Theory and Tsai-Wu) are plotted and found to be close to each other. Therefore, from the preliminary outcome, it can be concluded that the current study is useful to the failure behavior of composite laminate.

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Advances in multimedia have expanded the boundaries of communication systems and changed the communication industry over the past a few decades in the applications such as Digital TV, DVD video, HDTV, internet video streaming, video conferencing, mobile technology, patrolling, object tracking, and medical applications. Video Compression (VC) placed a significant part in the realization of these technologies by bridging the gap between the demand for quality, performance and limitations of current storage and transmission capabilities. Motion Estimation (ME) is the power hungry block in the Video Compression System (VCS). The Sum of Absolute Difference (SAD) is the most repeated operation in the motion estimation subsystem. This paper proposed the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Implementation of 4X4 SAD architecture. The design is simulated using Xilinx Integrated Software Environment (ISE) and synthesized using Xilinx Synthesis Tool (XST) on Spartan-3 FPGA board. The proposed SAD estimates area acquired and latency.

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The article addresses the topical issues related to the control of complex energy- and resource-intensive technological objects operating in variable performance modes of product output over long time intervals. The use of non-conventional technologies allows obtaining additional control reserves and achieving an additional economic effect. Such technologies include destabilization optimization of functioning modes of multidimensional objects and original algorithms of their transfer from one type of the process modes to the others, corresponding to the required performance. We consider the problem of running the process of a complex multidimensional object that has additional possibilities of finding optimal technological modes, which can be applied in the case of expanding the domain of control actions of the object under consideration. This makes it possible to improve the object’s static modes on the time interval so that to meet new performance requirements and to minimize the spending of energy or resources. We study the practical cases of the complex object, for which it is possible to obtain an additional effect compared to the solutions where the traditional approach is used. The problem of destabilization optimization for a complex multidimensional technological object operating on a time interval with variable performance on the product output is formalized. The linear two-level multidimensional problem of destabilization optimization has been solved. On the basis of this, a method for analyzing energy-efficient control of multidimensional technological objects has been developed. It provides for the construction and the study of the domain of existence of the problem solution and determination of the optimal control function types. An algorithm for choosing the optimal control action for various possible solutions is proposed. Further it is planned to formulate and solve problems of linear multi-level destabilization optimization, as well as non-linear optimization problems.

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Many studies have been performed to increase the efficiency of the refrigerant compressor. In this study, we tried to improve the cooling power and efficiency by preventing the rise of refrigerant temperature through the thermal management of the compressor. In particular, the thermal efficiency was improved by heat transfer enhancement using the waste spring vibration. To this end, a CFD model considering valve behavior was developed to analyze the whole cycle including suction and compression processes. A thermal management analysis of the compressor was performed through this model. The results show that using the waste vibration of the dynamic part, the heat transfer of the internal heat of the compressor to the outside air was improved by up to 4% resulting in increasing cooling power and EER up to 0.5% and 0.5% respectively.

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Some clayey soils are generally classified as expansive soils which cause extensive damage to civil engineering structures. Expansive clays often vary in density and moisture content from the wet season to the dry season. For example, near-or at-surface, clays often dry out during periods of drought but then expand during the rainy season or when irrigation water or water from leaky pipes wets them. Soil improvement has been widely used as an alternative to substitute the lack of suitable material on site. In this study the effect of using nontraditional chemical stabilizers in soil improvement is investigated. Various tests are performed to study the effect of using different percentages of polyethylene high density polymer (6%, 9%, and 12%) as a stabilizing agent on both structure and geotechnical clay properties. The laboratory tests include sieve analysis, hydrometer, Atterberg limits, modified compaction, swelling potential and swelling pressure, unconfined compression strength, consolidation test and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The results indicated that the polymer significantly improved physical properties of expansive clay soil which have susceptibility of swelling.

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The aim of the project is to control IR based devices through Wi-Fi. Now a days many devices are based upon IR receiver like TV, setup box, air conditioner, DVD, home theater etc. and each device consists of independent IR blaster (remotes) which is very difficult to store remotes at all places. For every remote IR frequency is independent to others whereas for every device it need a remote to control. This is smart IR device by which it can control all applications like TV, setup box, air conditioner, DVD, Home theater etc. the entire application is based upon AVR microcontroller and Wi-Fi module and IR blaster. Where it can control multiple devices at a time and also used by multiple users .it can access through any device through mobiles, computers, android devices and internet based devices. It can also control through long distances. It is of low cost home automation.

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The performance of the Shunt Active filter depends upon the design of the filter components and control algorithm used to generate the reference current for the switching controller for the power device of the filter. The Shunt Active filter components are the filter inductance, DC link capacitance and power rating of the switching device. The filter inductance depends upon the switching frequency and dc link capacitance. The design of filter requires the basic electrical parameters obtained from Hilbert and wavelet transform. An Iterative method is adopted to design the filter components to minimize the ripple content of filter current and dc bus voltage of the Shunt active filter. The designed filter is switched by the average DG frame control algorithm generates the fundamental reference current and hysteresis controller compares reference current from the supply current. The average DG frame based Shunt active filter is compared with synchronous reference frame controller by developing the system configuration in MATLAB Simulink and the results are verified.

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Nowadays, the technology advance has been allowed the development of new applications for brain computer interfaces (BCI), due to its ability of detect brain activities (motor, cognitive, sensory) from a user that can be used to control different movements or tasks of a device. This article has as objective, make an acquisition experiment of brain signals associates with the imagined movement to left or right, later these signals will be filtered to extract the features using the analysis of common spatial patterns (CSP) and the independent component analysis (ICA). Obtaining as a result, a comparison of features extracted by each analysis and determining which method has a better accuracy in the classification of two imagined movement tasks through support vector machines (SVM).

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User spread is recent technique which is applied in optical IDMA (O-IDMA) to achieve the high rate transmission with zero dispersion fiber. User spread optical interleave division multiple access is a multiple access scheme which has less inter symbol interference (ISI) and multiple access interference (MAI) as compared to conventional CDMA. US-OIDMA is the combination of CDMA and IDMA. The efficient bandwidth utilization is one of the key aspects for improving the performance of optical fiber based communication system. Therefore US-OIDMA is used in optical fiber mode for high speed transmission with zero dispersion fiber. The performance of US-OIDMA has been evaluated and compared with OIDMA using MATLAB software. It is concluded that US-OIDMA is far better than OIDMA and support more number of users and less bit error rate.

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This paper proposes an extensive experimental and micro structural analysis to study the effect of cryogenic treatment at different temperatures i.e., shallow cryogenic treatment (SCT) i.e., at -110oC, medium cryogenic treatment (MCT) i.e., at -150oC and deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) i.e., at -175oC on tungsten carbide end mill cutter on the machinability of P20 mold steel. A Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM) is utilized to collect data for the study. Cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and milling cutters subjected to various lowering temperatures are taken as important process variables which are a function of performance measures viz. tool wear rate (TWR), material removal rate (MRR). The results showed that cryogenic treatment, cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut exhibits considerable effect on performance measures. Meanwhile, to relate the process variables with the performance measures, regression analysis is conducted. Finally, to obtain the Pareto optimal solution, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is proposed. The proposed model can be utilised to select the optimal process parameters to achieve the best machining condition for CNC milling process to enhance the productivity of the process.

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Green chemistry system that utilizing natural extract as natural reagent for determination of metal ions has been investigated. The tea leaf extract has been utilized for copper quantification. The tea leaf extract was prepared in hot water (600C). Optimum condition obtained by 400 µL of tea leaves extract, 18 seconds of reaction time, 65 µL/s of flow rate and 0.078482 ppm of detection limit of Cu(II) ion. The tea leaf extract can be applied as a natural reagent for quantification of Cu(II) ion using Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA).

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The aim of this study is to identify the model for an electromechanical plant. This is done by the use of parametric identification methods. In this contribution, the Least Square Method (LS), the Instrumental Variables Method (IV) and the Prediction Error Method (PE) are used for identification. The identification is performed on input-output data generated by applying a PRBS signal to the motor of the electromechanical plant. Once the identification is done, the obtained models are validated by using sine waves with different frequencies as input signals.

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Parallel to the nowadays technological advancement in general, the hot and cold therapies also went into inevitable enhancement from what it used to be as they are among the key physiotherapeutic treatments. The enhancement is always aiming for offering a more flexible, more effective, easier and more comfortable to handle whether by physiotherapists or patients themselves if used at home. This paper introduces an innovative yet simple engineering method in the usage of hot and cold treatment replacing the traditional idea. It is electronically designed using Arduino, which was tested and validated, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The efficiency shows in terms of high safety measures, low cost of fabrication and usage, resilient as functioning automatically in all-weather conditions with agreeable stability of temperature on the area of patients’ body during treatment.

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In the recent years there is growing concern for “Electric Power Quality” with the modern electronics equipments such as UPS, PC’s, variable speed drives and industrial programmable logic controllers are sensitive to the variation of the supply voltage. In particular, motor start applications draw large amount current at the time of starting and contribute to system degradation, particularly in very sensitive area. This switching transient problem was noticed in the 90Ton chiller system of university. Hence this needs modeling the chiller system components and simulating the processes of switching transient. The practical results were analyzed and compared simulation study for evaluating the quality of power in the system. Consequently, this paper investigates the coefficient of performance (COP) of chiller to verify the accuracy.

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In this article, we propose a radiating circular patch antenna with a partial ground plane, feed by a microstrip line, with a triangular shaped slots and one circular-ring-shaped slot in the radiating patch that can be deployed in mobile communication systems to avoid interferences with wireless local area network (WLAN) communication systems. Measured impedance bandwidth of the antenna is (0.89 GHz - 4.6 GHz), which covers GSM-900/1800/1900, UMTS 2.1 GHz (3G), UMTS 2.6 GHz (4G) and 3.5 GHz (WiMAX) for S11 < -10 dB and also the proposed antenna have a single stop band from 2.4 GHz to 2.6 GHz for rejecting the WLAN IEEE 802.11 b/g/n frequency band. The studied antenna design, analysis and characterization has been performed using a commercially available electromagnetic solver based on finite elements. The antenna prototype was developed and realized on a FR4_epoxy substrate with a thickness of 1.58 mm, and a size of 160 x 110 mm2. Reflection coefficient and directivity results were measured, presented and discussed.

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In this paper have been studied composite materials based on caustic magnesite, technogenic fillers and porous aggregates of various origin. During research work have been developed composites of a combined structure with the use of wood sawdust, aluminosilicate microsphere and polystyrene granules. The possibility of creating a cellular combined structure is established by combining various ways of forming pores and introducing porous granules.

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This paper overviews the kinematics and workspace computer simulation of a small-size humanoid robot named KUBO. This bipedal walking platform has 20 degrees of freedom (DOF) and is powered by servomotors that perform reliable torque and precise motion. Made entirely from aluminum and assembled with commercial off-the-shelf actuators and sensors, KUBO is a self-developed low-cost platform for research into humanoid robots, human-like motion, bipedal walking, and control. It is capable of moving forward, backward, sideway, it can turn in any direction, lie down, and get up. In addition, it performs object tracking and recognition using an on-board video camera. In this paper, the design, implementation, mechanical analysis, and vision capabilities of this prototype are presented and discussed.

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The search for more effective and compatible medical treatments with the changing lifestyle of the people in the context of diabetes mellitus type 1 propelled the use of the intensified therapy with insulin that allows the patients to balance the carbohydrate intake with the insulin Administered exogenously and favors the choice of more autonomous and flexible diets. However, the difficulty in quantifying carbohydrates in foods with irregular shapes and sizes and the consequent inaccuracy of the calculated insulin doses or boluses constitute the main drawbacks of the treatment. This article presents the development of a mobile application associated to an electronic weighing device that, together, accurately quantify the carbohydrate content of the food analyzed. Given its conception is a prototype avant-garde and pioneer in the national industry by integrating in an interactive user interface the quantification of carbohydrates of the main national food consumption with the calculation of insulin boluses appropriate to the needs of the patient. The results obtained and the scientific studies cited exalt the great potential of the device developed to assist the patient in the control of his pathology.

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Usually a buffer layer of cadmium sulphide is used in high efficiency solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS). Because of cadmium toxicity, many investigations have been conducted to use Cd-free buffer layers. Our work focuses on this type of CIGS-based solar cells where CdS is replaced by a ZnS buffer layer. In this contribution AFORS-HET software is used to simulate n-ZnO:Al/i-ZnO/n-ZnS/p-CIGS/Mo polycrystalline thin-film solar cell where the key parts are p-CIGS absorber layer and n-ZnS buffer layer. The characteristics of these key parts: thickness and Ga-content of the absorber layer, thickness of the buffer layer and doping concentrations of absorber and buffer layers have been investigated to optimize the conversion efficiency. We find a maximum conversion efficiency of 26 % with a short-circuit current of 36.9 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage of 824 mV, and a fill factor of 85.5%.

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In this research article, we considered an ecological prey predator fishery model system with a generalized case where both the patches are accessible to both prey and predator. We suppose that the prey migrate between two patches randomly. The growth of prey in each patch in the absence of predators is assumed to be logistic. The predator consumes the prey with intrinsic growth rates in both the patches. The existence of its steady states and their stability (local and global) are analyzed. It is also emphasized the diffusive stability of the system along with some numerical simulations. Numerical simulation has also been performed in support of analysis by using MATLAB.

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The power train system for a single seated educational racing vehicle is consists of an engine and a transaxle. This power train unit is attached to the chassis frame of the vehicle. Therefore, it is desirable that both the engine and transaxle can be easily installed to the vehicle chassis frame. For a racing vehicle for educational competition, an adjustable engine mounting system is provided to allow for fine adjustment of the engine position and the transaxle. The alternative term for transaxle is called as the chain tension that includes a selective lock-out feature. This feature allows an operator to lock out the selected forward or reverse gears to alter the vehicle performance during racing. In this work, three design of engine mounts for the use of single-seated educational racing vehicle are proposed. The design process is carried out using CATIA V5 educational software. Once all the proposed designs of the engine mounts are completed, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed. Furthermore, a modal analysis using ANSYS Workbench Release 16.0 is also conducted to determine the natural frequency of the component. The results suggest that the best design of engine mount is Design 2. This selection is based on the low natural frequency of the component.

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This paper presents the design of new miniaturized multiband microstrip bandpass filters (BPFs) for multi-services wireless applications. The introduced filter structures are the results of the implementation of the fractal-based topology together with the stepped impedance resonator (SIR) technique on the conventional square loop resonator. Three microstrip BPFs have been investigated corresponding to the first three Minkowski fractal iterations as applied to the SIR ring resonator. The first bandpass filter, which corresponds to the zero fractal iteration, has been designed at 5.8 GHz for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The proposed filter has been etched using a substrate with an insulation constant of 10.8, a thickness of 1.27 mm and loss tangent of 0.0023. Based on this filter, the other two filters have been designed by applying the Minkowski fractal geometries of the 1st and 2nd iterations. Results reveal that the three filters offer size reduction percentages of about 40%, 56%, and 63% as compared with the conventional dual-mode square ring resonator. The simulated and experimental results of the first BPF prototype are well-matched.

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This paper is an emphasized application based on the storage of large amount of data using various cloud storages and the data retrieval with the help of hadoop the process is done in a distributed environment. In this application an RFID card is used to provide unique id to each user. And unique id helps in retrieving the user data in a easy way from different cloud storage. The data from the distributed system are retrieved successfully in a document format with the help of hadoop source. The combination of all this process gives a authenticated and successful application which gives a user friendly environment which can be accessed from any location. The location feasibility is due to the cloud technology.

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A single blow regenerator model is analysed to study the thermal performance of a metallic matrix based on the thermal losses and effectiveness of the regenerator. The losses due to irreversibility of the process can be calculated by the entropy generation concept. The entropy generation mainly depends on axial heat conduction, fluid friction and internal heat transfer. In this present study, the regenerator is designed and fabricated for the thermal performance analysis of uniform and hybrid mesh matrix arrangements. This paper gives how effectively a regenerator can be optimized based on the minimization of entropy generation and pressure drop. The hybrid mesh regenerator made of three zones of equal length with varying wire mesh sizes are analysed. From the results, the performance of hybrid mesh fixed bed regenerator provides better than uniform mesh fixed bed regenerator.

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) becomes familiar network where nodes are controlled in the presence of base station. In such case, nodes are communicated without the presence of base station. In this scenario, data gathering is a major challenge where nodes may get interrupted from external attackers. It leads to less network lifetime. In existing schemes, data gathering ratio is not improved highly without stable multicast routing scheme. In this research work, Scheduling based Stable Multicast Data Gathering Scheme (SSMDGS) is proposed for attaining balance between data gathering ratio and stability. It consists of three phases. In first phase, cluster construction and maintenance is implemented to support data gathering. Message creation time is estimated to reduce the overhead and delay. Energy is estimated before and after data gathering phase. The comparison of energy is done and maximum energy is attained after data gathering phase. Based on the extensive simulation results, SSMDGS achieves high data gathering ratio, energy efficiency, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio and low delay as well as overhead.

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In this paper we will discuss about Low speed peripheral architecture, which involves multiple I2C, SPI, UART instances, DMA engine. Given the limited number of general purpose IO ports are SOC boundary, these protocol blocks are grouped in to a single subsystem while sharing all the resources like DMA, channels and GPIO’s while interfacing with external chips. The design has been done using verilog we will be analyzing the performance of the subsystem by using System verilog & Universal verification method based test bench environment to generate various use case scenarios involving different number of I2C, SPI and UART instances. And this project is simulated using Questasim 10.2c.

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Explosive welding is a process used for large surface area joining of dissimilar material with metallurgical bonding. Over the last few decades, a lot of work has been done in this field. This paper briefly presents the basic mechanism and detailed for weld different material and shows the cladding of these tow material and show the microstructure between them. Finally, the paper points out components with complex structure are the important development direction of explosive welding.

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This paper studies the employment of waste, paper as an additional material in concrete mixes. Is simply a mixture, of paper and concrete? A composite made by adding waste paper as a partial addition by weight of cement. It is a, sustainable, building material due to reduced amount of waste paper being put to pretty use. It gains inherent strength due to presence of hydrogen bonds, in microstructure of paper. Papercrete has low cost as compared with alternative building construction material and energy absorption. It has good fire-resistant, sound absorption and thermal insulation. The percent of waste paper used (after treating) namely (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) by weight of cement to explore the properties of the mixes (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, density, thermal conductivity and scanning electron microscope (SEM)). As compared with references mixes, it was found that the fresh properties affected significantly by increasing the waste paper content. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and density were decreased with increasing the percentage of waste paper addition. By using paper pulp with different weight percentages led to decreasing in thermal conductivity. The values of thermal conductivity at 28 days of all mixes range between (1.21 to 0.79 W/m.K).

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