In this work, it is proposed how different levels of cryogenic treatment, such as shallow cryogenic treatment (SCT), which occurs at -110°C, medium cryogenic treatment (MCT), which occurs at -150°C, and deep cryogenic treatment (DCT), which occurs at -175°C, affect the machinability of P20 material. In this paper, an effort is made to optimize the process variables in machining P20 steel with cryogenically treated tungsten carbide (WC) cutting tools in the CNC milling process using the Response surface methodology (RSM) and Taguchi method. Data for this study is gathered using the Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM). Cutting speed (CS), feed rate (FR), depth of cut (DOC), and the lowering temperatures are considered significant process parameters that are functions of performance measures. The observations revealed that there is a substantial correlation between performance measures and cryogenic treatment, cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. The purpose of this work is to model the output parameters and optimize the process parameters using RSM.

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Corn stalk modification was used as an adsorbent to remove metal ions of Cu2+ in solutions and have done in the adsorption column with continuous operation. The corn talk was modified with nitrate acid (HNO3). The Adsorption operations were applied with corn stalk variation sizes 50 mesh, and 70 mesh with initial concentrations of metal ions 50 and 150 mg/l.  The solution flow was controlled at 5 and 15 ml/min. The adsorption operations have been done in up-flow and down-flow. Each operation collected the flow effluent base on pore volume intervals of 4 to 32 PV. To confirm the changes in surface structure and chemical components after modifying have used SEM and EDX. The results show a change significantly. While, the application of corn stalk was modified shown by the influence of loading time, % removal efficiency, adsorption kinetics, and breakthrough curve. Increased loading time occurs at increased concentration, decreased flow rate, and increased adsorbent size. While the increase in % removal efficiency occurs in the decrease in concentration, decreased flow rate and increased adsorbent size. On adsorption up, the flow has longer saturation than in downstream adsorption. The shape of the breakthrough curve for adsorption up the flow and down flow follows the shape of the "S" curve. But the up flow breakthrough curve on adsorption is more stable than adsorption with the down flow.

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Kepok banana (Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana) can be grown in a wide area of Indonesia, and are still cultivated regularly in rural areas. The need for commercial-quality of Kepok banana seedlings is still an obstacle to supporting export success. Seed propagation using micropropagation techniques is an alternative to be developed in order to meet the needs of appropriate, high-quality, and potential seeds for high productivity. The use of growth regulators and suitable growth media will promote the success of in vitro culture. The method used is the media Murashige-Skoog (MS). The design used was completely randomized and arranged by factorial. Factor 1 is a type of growth regulator with a concentration of 2 mg/L. Factor I is Z1 = Gibberellins; Z2 = IAA; and Z3 = Auxin. Factor II is 50 mg of the growth medium, namely: M1 = Agar medium; M2= Potato medium; M3 = Medium with coconut; M4 = Media Aloe vera. Data analysis used F 5% test and 5% BNT test. The use of a gibberellin growth regulator showed a better shoot formation time of 8 days, the number of shoots was 13.24 seeds, the length of the shoot was 1.25 cm, the root length was 1.52 cm, and the number of shoots was 77.48%. The growing medium using potatoes and young coconut showed a root length of 0.43 cm and a root diameter of 0.34 mm. Young coconut media showed better results in the growth of the number of plantlet shoots as much as 12.53%. The function of growth regulators, gibberellins, IAA, and auxin gave a rapid response to plantlet meristematic changes and shoot formation. While the use of agar, potato, young coconut, and aloe vera growing media gave a slow response to plantlet meristematic changes and the formation of Kepok banana shoots.

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The main problem that often arises in photovoltaic systems is to achieving the maximum output power and maintaining the DC-DC connection voltage at a stable value since the power generated by photovoltaic panels is very powerless in uncertain climatic conditions. Moreover, the sunshine and temperature constantly change during the day. The aim of this work is to adapt and optimize an intelligent control algorithm for photovoltaic systems based on a fuzzy logic method to track the maximum power point (MPPT) at a stable value with a fast settling time and to optimize the efficiency under different influences of weather conditions (lighting and temperature). The system consists of a photovoltaic solar module connected to a DC-DC boost converter and a load. The effectiveness of the proposed system was validated by computer simulations using MATLAB/Simulink software. The results of this work show that the efficiency of the photovoltaic system can be improved by up to 99.1% by using the advanced fuzzy logic controller.

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Secret messages which contain valuable confidential and private information require high-level protection to make the hacking process impossible. In this research paper, a new and simple method of data cryptography will be introduced.  The proposed method will use two image_keys to generate the needed private keys. The private keys will be categorized into two sets: the first set will be used to form the RLDs required for the rotation right of each byte, while the second set will be used to apply XORing operations. The image_keys will be kept secret to avoid hacking them. The method will use a variable block size to divide the data, and it will use a variable number of rounds. The block size and the number of rounds are to be kept secret. The method will be implemented using various messages and various block sizes and a number of rounds, the obtained results will be compared with DES results to show how the proposed method will keep a high throughput when increasing the block size and increasing the number of rounds.

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In this paper, the fuel less generator just as the name implies is a power generating system that doesn’t require any kind of fossil fuel for its operation. It is safe to say the fuel less generator is a zero-carbon energy system with two major categories; Dynamic Fuel less Generators and Static Fuel Less Generators. The constructed 1kVA Fuel less Generator comprised of a 240W Brushed Direct Current Motor, a 1kVA Alternator, Couplings, Flywheel, 12V 100AH Deep Cycle Battery, 12V 4A Charging Panel or Rectifying circuit (AC-to-DC), Automatic Voltage Regulator, Frame, and other accessories. The Brushed Direct Current Motor was directly coupled to the alternator with the flywheel in-between, also a digital thermometer was connected to the Brushed Direct Current Motor and alternator to monitor their temperature. A digital Direct Current Ammeter and Voltmeter were connected in series with the 12V 100AH Battery and across the Brushed Direct Current Motor terminals respectively to observe and obtain readings of the fuel-fewer generators. A digital energy meter with a current transformer was also connected between the power output of the alternator and the 5A single pole circuit breaker to obtain output parameters such as Voltage, Current, Frequency, Power Factor, and energy consumed. A handheld Digital Tachometer was used to obtain the speed of the fuel less generator during testing. Various tests such as the No-Load and Load Test, Temperature Test, and Speed Test were carried out during the performance evaluation using varying loads from the range of 0W to 800W. During the test, it was observed that the temperature of the Brushed Direct Current Motor increased drastically when a load of 300W was introduced into the system and the generator had its maximum efficiency of 88.71% at the same 300W load. The fuel less generator was operated with and without the flywheel which gave an output frequency of 40Hz and 25Hz respectively. The construction of fuel less generator with the ability to be in perpetual motion and continually generate electric energy is achievable provided the motor speed, torque, and cooling system are properly calculated. This research can be used to replace the conventional gasoline generators used in residential buildings and by Small and Medium Entrepreneurs (SMEs). The inclusion of a direct-coupled flywheel, power torque formula, and temperature monitor and control play an important role in the development of an efficient fuel less generator.

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