Correlation between process parameter with surface roughness and weight when producing airfoil of airplane model using 3D printing process
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Full Text |
Pdf
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Author |
Armansyah Ginting and Adek Ananda
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e-ISSN |
1819-6608 |
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On Pages
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239-248
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Volume No. |
21
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Issue No. |
4
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Issue Date |
April 20, 2026
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.59018/022634
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Keywords |
NACA 23012, surface roughness, structural mass, infill density, Taguchi.
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Abstract
This study examines the correlation between fused deposition modelling (FDM) process parameters and the surface roughness (Ra) and weight (w) of a 3D-printed NACA 23012 airfoil. Printing speed (v), bed temperature (Tb), layer height (h), and infill density (ρ) were systematically varied using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Nine airfoil specimens were fabricated from PLA+ filament, and surface roughness (Ra) and weight (w) were experimentally measured. Signal-to-noise ratio analysis and analysis of variance revealed that layer height is the dominant factor controlling surface roughness, whereas infill density overwhelmingly governs airfoil weight. Multi-linear regression models were developed and validated through confirmation experiments, enabling quantitative prediction of both response variables within the investigated parameter domain. Unlike conventional FDM optimization studies based on standard test specimens, this work explicitly demonstrates that aerodynamic surface quality (roughness) and structural mass (weight) in true airfoil geometry are governed by distinct parameter hierarchies, allowing their independent optimization. The findings provide experimentally validated guidelines for the additive manufacturing of lightweight and aerodynamically representative airfoil prototypes for rapid prototyping and experimental applications.
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