Application of the analytical hierarchy process method on detergent formulation from natural saponin
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Full Text |
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Author |
Zuhrina Masyithah, Earl Fareeq Rizky H. and Irma Syakiah Nasution
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e-ISSN |
1819-6608 |
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On Pages
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259-269
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Volume No. |
21
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Issue No. |
4
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Issue Date |
April 20, 2026
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.59018/022636
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Keywords |
liquid biodetergent, natural saponin, detergent formulation, analytical hierarchy process, detergent power.
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Abstract
This study aimed to formulate a liquid biodetergent containing natural saponins from starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) leaf extract and to determine the optimum formulation using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Saponins were extracted by maceration with 96% ethanol at a material-to-solvent ratio of 1:8 (w/w), followed by sonication for 20 minutes and thickening in a rotary evaporator at 45°C for 3 hours. The biodetergent was formulated in 12 composition variations with fixed parameters, and the formulations were characterized using organoleptic and detergent tests. The optimum formulation was determined using the AHP method, with pH, viscosity, and foam stability as criteria. The results showed that starfruit leaf extract contained 15.46% saponins with a yield of 9.72 mG/G of crude drug. Based on AHP analysis, the optimum formulation was obtained with 10% saponin extract and 15% each of Decyl Glucoside and Lauryl Glucoside surfactants. This formulation produced a detergent power of 66.7 NTU, higher than the 63.1 NTU of commercial detergent. These results indicate that natural saponin-based biodetergents have the potential to be an effective and more environmentally friendly alternative to liquid detergents.
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