Energy management strategy for a hybrid microgrid system
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Author |
Alias Khamis, Wong Qi Tang, Gan Chin Kim, Mohd Shahrieel Mohd Aras and Zairi Ismael Rizman
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e-ISSN |
1819-6608 |
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On Pages
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579-597
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Volume No. |
21
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Issue No. |
9
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Issue Date |
July 10, 2026
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.59018/052665
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Keywords |
battery energy storage, fuel cell, microgrid, photovoltaic, small scale.
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Abstract
Microgrids play a vital role in satisfying the rising need for dependable and sustainable energy sources. They can operate either independently (island mode) or in conjunction with the main power system (grid-connected mode). Hybrid microgrids, which consist of renewable and non-renewable energy resources become popular nowadays because it helps to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. However, an important issue in hybrid microgrid systems occurs with the increase in distributed generation (DG). The issues are maintaining the voltage level within allowable limits and controlling the power loss of the system. Hence, a method is proposed in this paper to solve these problems, which is implementing a Harris Hawk Optimization (ERHHO)-based PI controller tuning in the system. This type of PI controller can maintain the voltage profile and regulate the reactive power of the microgrid system. A hybrid microgrid system with a three-phase inverter was set up and connected with a three-phase load system. Its single-phase power output was calculated and measured for power calculation and control verification. All the analysis and comparison results before and after implementing the controller will be run using a program called Matlab/Simulink. Overall, this research evaluates the effectiveness of the suggested ERHHO tuning using extensive simulations.
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