Hybrid PV-Battery-Supercapacitor system for enhanced grid stability and cost efficiency: A multi-objective optimization approach
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Author |
Kevin Sonon, Patrice Chetangny, Mèhundo Walix Leslie D. E., Victor Zogbochi, Sossou Houndedako, Didier Chamagne and Gérald Barbier
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e-ISSN |
1819-6608 |
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On Pages
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630-653
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Volume No. |
21
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Issue No. |
10
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Issue Date |
July 20, 2026
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.59018/052669
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Keywords |
photovoltaic system, lithium-ion battery, supercapacitor, hybridization, grid stability, NSGA-II optimization.
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Abstract
The integration of renewable energies, particularly photovoltaics (PV), into electrical grids presents significant challenges in terms of stability and intermittency management. This article introduces an innovative hybrid system that combines a 25 MWc PV plant, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors, connected to the grid via a 161 kV interface. The main objective is to achieve a balance between energy performance, grid stability, and economic profitability. Detailed component modeling is performed using Simulink, while PowerFactory is employed for grid-scale stability analysis. The multi-objective optimization of storage capacities is conducted using the NSGA-II algorithm, aiming to minimize both the total cost and the amount of imported energy. The system provides rapid response to load peaks through supercapacitors, while the batteries cover the medium-term energy needs. Simulations confirm stable grid operation under disturbances, with voltage and frequency maintained within acceptable ranges. The validation using PowerFactory and real-world testing at the DEFISOL site further confirms the robustness of the proposed model. Despite certain simplifying assumptions, this study marks a significant step toward more resilient and sustainable electrical networks in the context of the ongoing energy transition.
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