Development of mix design methodology for the masonry mortar with crushed sand and fly ash
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Full Text |
Pdf
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Author |
P. Durga Prasad and B. Kameswara Rao
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e-ISSN |
1819-6608 |
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On Pages
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1359-1367
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Volume No. |
20
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Issue No. |
16
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Issue Date |
November 30, 2025
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.59018/0825155
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Keywords |
masonry mortar, flow characteristics, fly ash, compressive strength, crushed sand.
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Abstract
The objective of this study is to design a comprehensive method for mix design of masonry mortar utilizing crushed sand (M-sand) as a sustainable replacement to natural sand by weight batching. The research analyses the performance of mortar at w/c ratios of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 at target flow values of 100% and 150%, except 0.3 for 150% flow. Two mix variations were designed: one composed of 100% Ordinary Portland Cements (OPC) and the other with a 30% replacement of OPC with fly ash as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Workability was flow tested following relevant standard codes, and mechanical performance was assessed by a compressive strength test. Correlations between compressive strength and water-cement ratio are established using the results. It helps in optimizing masonry mortar mix proportions with M-sand and fly ash, with a minimum masonry mortar proportion to achieve sustainable construction while maintaining specification requirements appropriate for workability and strength.
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