Quantum cryptography: Advancements and challenges in secure communication
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Full Text |
Pdf
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Author |
Arifuzzaman and Iftikhar Ahmad
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e-ISSN |
1819-6608 |
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On Pages
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1823-1835
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Volume No. |
20
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Issue No. |
20
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Issue Date |
January 20, 2026
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.59018/1025206
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Keywords |
quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution (QKD), post-quantum cryptography (PQC), secure communication, quantum computing threats.
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Abstract
Quantum computing poses a crucial threat against traditional cryptographic systems because it creates substantial weakness in existing encryption standards. This paper examines the quantum cryptography field by studying its three main frameworks, including Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms and hybrid security approaches. The research paper evaluates quantum- based protocols BB84 and E91 and PQC schemes using lattice and code methods in addition to machine learning-enhanced cryptography by analyzing existing works. The paper explores critical problems involving high execution expenses alongside scalability limitations and infrastructure compatibility problems, as well as side-channel attack susceptibility. Healthcare practitioners must focus on developing standardized deployment techniques alongside strong implementation strategies because these measures become essential for IoT and smart cities. This paper brings together insights from more than twenty-four fundamental studies to simplify the understanding of existing conditions and establish directions for secure quantum communication systems.
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