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ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences
October 2009 | Vol. 4 No. 8 |
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Title: |
Comparative study of different media in
reduction of pollutants in used lubricating oil, Nigeria- A case study |
Author (s): |
Joel Ogbonna F. and Ovuru Samuel E. |
Abstract: |
Nigeria is about the
6th largest producer of crude oil in the world and in recent times
averages about 500,000,000 litres yearly of total consumption of
lubricating oil. Significant qualities of these used lube oil are
frequently disposed in the country by means which pollute the water,
land, air, and in turn endanger the public health. In order to address
this problem, this experiment was undertaken to recycle the used lube
oil by filtration process. This was done by first conducting analysis of
used lubricating oil from different types of vehicles and then subjected
to various treatment options. Experimental results indicated that result
from the use of glass beads was more feasible, has low operating
potential hazards and most effective in pollutant reduction compared
with others. The concentrations of various ions like Fe2+, NO3,
Ca2+ among others in the samples investigated was more than
100% higher in the used oil compared with results in the unused sample.
The experiment was able to provide efficient waste management treatment
and acceptable compressive strength of 350 psi in 12 hours using 12.5
pounds per gallon (ppg) recipe was obtained. |
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Title: |
An EOQ model for perishable items under
stock and time-dependent selling rate with shortages |
Author (s): |
M. Valliathal and R. Uthayakumar |
Abstract: |
In this paper, we study
a deterministic inventory model for deteriorating items under
time-dependent partial backlogging. Though lot of factors involving
inventory affect the demand, among them time and stock are the most
important factors. Therefore, we consider here the combined stock and
time varying demand to make the theory more applicable in practice. We
study the effects time dependent demand on the total profit and time
factors. We prove that the optimal replenishment solution not only
exists but is also unique. Numerical examples are given to illustrate
the application of developed model. |
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Title: |
Parametric sensitivity analysis of a heavy
duty passenger vehicle suspension system |
Author (s): |
T. Ram Mohan Rao and G. Venkata Rao |
Abstract: |
Suspension system
design plays an important role in improving passenger comfort and road
holding capabilities of an automobile. There is a compromise between the
road holding and ride comfort. While Ride comfort is directly related to
the acceleration sensed by passengers when traveling on a rough road,
road holding ability is associated with the contact forces of the tires
and road surface. Suspension travel or working space refers to the
relative displacement between the sprung- mass and the un- sprung masses
of the vehicle. The present mathematical work aims to determine the
discomfort, road holding and working space in a passenger bus by using
MATLAB through a quarter car model. The variabilities in the parameters
of spring stiffness and damping are used to evaluate the standard
derivations of the vertical vehicle body accelerations, tire radial
force and relative displacement between wheel and vertical body. The
rational selection of damping and suspension stroke and an estimation of
speed limits can be had from these studies. |
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Title: |
Behaviour of self compacted self curing
kiln ash concrete with various admixtures |
Author (s): |
M. S. Ravikumar, Selvamony C, S. U. Kannan
and S. Basil Gnanappa |
Abstract: |
In recent years,
self-compacting concrete (SCC) has gained wide use for placement in
congested reinforced concrete structures with difficult casting
conditions. For such applications, the fresh concrete must possess high
fluidity and good cohesiveness. The use of fine materials such as kiln
ash can ensure the required concrete properties. The initial results
of an experimental program aimed at producing and evaluating SCC made
with high-volumes of kiln ash are presented and discussed. Ten SCC
mixtures and one control concrete were investigated in this study.
Fresh properties, flexural and compressive strengths of self compacted
concrete were determined. The use of SF in concrete significantly
increased the dosage of superplasticiser (SP). At the same constant SP
dosage (0·8%) and mineral additives content (30%), KA can better improve
the workability than that of control and fine aggregate mixtures by (5 %
to 45 %). However, the results of this study suggest that certain QD, SF
and KA combinations can improve the workability of SCCs, more than QD,
SF and KA alone. KA can have a positive influence on the mechanical
performance at early strength development while SF improved
aggregate-matrix bond resulting from the formation of a less porous
transition zone in Concrete. SF can better reducing effect on total
water absorption while QD and KA will not have the same effect, at 28
days. |
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Title: |
Transient analysis of three-phase
induction machine using different reference frames |
Author (s): |
Vivek Pahwa and K.S. Sandhu |
Abstract: |
Three-phase induction
machines are generally used as motors for many industrial applications
and all this is due to its simple construction and other advantages in
contrast to other machines. Popularity of these motors has resulted into
a lot of research including the transient behavior of the machine.
Literature survey reveals that most of the researchers adopted only a
single reference frame to estimate transient behavior of the machine. In
this paper qd axis based modeling is proposed to analyze the transient
performance of three-phase squirrel cage induction motor using
stationary reference frame, rotor reference frame and synchronously
rotating reference frame. Simulated results have been compared and
verified with experimental results on a test machine. A close agreement
between the simulated and experimental results proves the validity of
proposed modeling. The proposed system has been developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. |
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Title: |
Adsorption and desorption of
L-phenylalanine on nano-sized magnetic particles |
Author (s): |
N. Balaji, K. M. Meera Sheriffa Begum, N.
Anantharaman and M. S. Uddin |
Abstract: |
Recently it has been
observed that nano magnetic particles play an important role in the
field of bio-separations and biomedical applications. Due to their size,
nanoparticles provide large specific surface area for adsorption of
solutes and this coupled with the magnetic properties of these particles
offer an excellent tool to handle these particles in suspension by using
magnetic field. The present work deals with the synthesis,
characterization and adsorption studies on nanomagnetic particles. The
nanomagnetic particles (Fe3O4) were synthesized by
chemical precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ salts with
alkaline medium under inert atmosphere. Characterization of magnetic
particles were carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM),
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD)
and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Subsequently, the adsorption
studies were carried out using l-phenylalanine amino acid at different
ionic strengths and from the adsorption isotherms observed, different
isotherm patterns were established. The desorption of L-phenylalanine
from nano magnetic particles were also performed under acidic medium. |
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Title: |
Computation of available transfer
capability incorporating effect of reactive power and losses using
complex neural network |
Author (s): |
D. Venu Madhava Chary and J. Amarnath |
Abstract: |
Transfer capability
refers to the ability of a transmission network to transfer electric
power reliably from an area of supply to an area of demand by way of all
transmission lines (or paths) between two areas under a given operating
condition. ATC is, in fact, an estimate of the near-future transmission
network's capability of additional power transfer over the existing
committed usage. As such, there are several uncertainties associated
with the parameters and forecasting quantities used in the ATC
evaluation. In this paper the aspects of ATC limited by the voltage
collapse point is considered, the main aim of this paper is to provide
a fast and efficient method to compute the Voltage Stability Constrained
ATC using complex valued neural network (CVNN). The proposed CVNN deals
with complex value data with complex number weights and complex value
neuron activation functions. The results have been presented and
analyzed in this paper. |
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Title: |
Bandwidth enhancement of inner shorted
annular microstrip antennas |
Author (s): |
Abdulkareem Abd Ali Mohammed and Ali
Hussain Ali Yawer |
Abstract: |
An inner shorted
annular microstrip antenna was designed using Bessel function relations
and then two techniques of bandwidth enhancement has been suggested and
designed and the current distribution and the radiation field with the
frequency and the feed point location has been studied. |
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Title: |
NOx and HC emission control using water
emulsified diesel in single cylinder diesel engine |
Author (s): |
K. Kannan and M. Udayakumar |
Abstract: |
This paper reports on
the effect of water emulsified diesel fuel combustion on brake thermal
efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and NOx and hydrocarbon
emissions in a diesel engine. The experiments were conducted on a single
cylinder four stroke cycle direct injection diesel engine at constant
speed with a fuel injection pressure of 200 bars. Tests were conducted
using commercial diesel fuel and diesel fuel with 10% and 20% water by
volume. From the test results, it was found that the water
emulsification has a potential to improve brake thermal efficiency and
brake specific fuel consumption. The NOx and HC emissions were found to
decrease with increase in water percentage in the emulsified diesel. |
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Title: |
Bandwidth optimization of individual hop
for robust data streaming on emergency medical application |
Author (s): |
A. K. M. Fazlul Haque, Md. Hanif Ali and M
Adnan Kiber |
Abstract: |
This paper presents a
new bandwidth estimation method for individual hop for high-speed,
non-invasive, and faster convergence transmission in multiple medical
data networks. Available Bandwidth Estimation Technique for individual
Hops (ABETH) has been developed employing parameters like Hop (H),
Capacity (C), Bandwidth (B), Available Bandwidth (AB) etc. Bandwidth
estimation techniques, tools and methods are considered to develop the
technique and it represents an effective combination of different other
existing techniques aiming to exploit the positive aspects of them. More
precisely, the technique which is implied in the method modifies and
integrates the one recent tool SPRUCE which estimates available
bandwidth and the IP layer capacity estimation formula which measures
capacity. This technique provides a linear combination of capacity
versus bandwidth which satisfies the link utilization demand. |
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Title: |
Metal dusting behaviour of furnace tube
alloys |
Author (s): |
Abdulaziz Al-Meshari and John Little |
Abstract: |
Metal dusting has long
been a chronic problem for several industrial sectors. In order to
obtain a better understanding of the aspects of this failure mode, three
heat-resistant alloys, KHR35C HiSi©, KHR45A LC©, and UCX© were exposed
to a gas mixture of 80 vol% CO+20 vol% H2 flowing at 100cm3
min-1 at 650, 750, and 850ºC for 100h. The alloys
were then characterised by visual examination, XRD, and SEM/EDX. In
conclusion, KHR35C HiSi© suffered localised metal dusting at 650 and 750ºC
and the attack became less aggressive with the temperature increase. The
least attack on KHR35C HiSi© was however observed after exposure at 850ºC.
The corrosion mode at each temperature was also elucidated. Pitting also
occurred on KHR45A LC© after exposure at 650ºC but to a
lesser degree compared to KHR35C HiSi©. Moreover, a few pits were
observed on KHR45A LC© exposed at 750ºC with the least took
place at 850ºC. UCX©, which contained the highest
concentrations of chromium and nickel, exhibited the best resistance to
metal dusting at the test temperatures. |
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Title: |
Emission control for a glow plug direct
injection CI engine using preheated coconut oil blended diesel |
Author (s): |
Suresh R, B. Durga Prasad, S. Muthu Raman
and T. Nibin |
Abstract: |
This paper discusses
the experimental study on the reduction of energy utilisation and
thereby abiding an indirect control on the emission strategies for a CI
engine. Three different methods for the control of emission were carried
out and the results were compared. The first method was to improve the
combustion by incorporating a copper perforated medium beneath the
atomised fuel spray and thereby improve the combustion through
vaporisation. The second method was to use coconut oil directly as an
additive to diesel. The last method was to preheat the coconut oil
blended diesel. The analysis showed that of all the coconut blends,
namely, 10% to 50%, 20% blended ratio found a good place in both fuel
efficiency and reduced emissions. Similarly, the preheated blends showed
still drastic reductions in emissions even for higher proportions of
coconut oil. |
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