ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences                         ISSN 1819-6608
   
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ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences              October 2009 | Vol. 4  No. 8
   
Title: Comparative study of different media in reduction of pollutants in used lubricating oil, Nigeria- A case study
Author (s): Joel Ogbonna F. and Ovuru Samuel E.
Abstract:

Nigeria is about the 6th largest producer of crude oil in the world and in recent times averages about 500,000,000 litres yearly of total consumption of lubricating oil. Significant qualities of these used lube oil are frequently disposed in the country by means which pollute the water, land, air, and in turn endanger the public health. In order to address this problem, this experiment was undertaken to recycle the used lube oil by filtration process. This was done by first conducting analysis of used lubricating oil from different types of vehicles and then subjected to various treatment options. Experimental results indicated that result from the use of glass beads was more feasible, has low operating potential hazards and most effective in pollutant reduction compared with others. The concentrations of various ions like Fe2+, NO3, Ca2+ among others in the samples investigated was more than 100% higher in the used oil compared with results in the unused sample. The experiment was able to provide efficient waste management treatment and acceptable compressive strength of 350 psi in 12 hours using 12.5 pounds per gallon (ppg) recipe was obtained.

 
 
 
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Title: An EOQ model for perishable items under stock and time-dependent selling rate with shortages
Author (s): M. Valliathal and R. Uthayakumar
Abstract:

In this paper, we study a deterministic inventory model for deteriorating items under time-dependent partial backlogging. Though lot of factors involving inventory affect the demand, among them time and stock are the most important factors. Therefore, we consider here the combined stock and time varying demand to make the theory more applicable in practice. We study the effects time dependent demand on the total profit and time factors. We prove that the optimal replenishment solution not only exists but is also unique. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the application of developed model.

 
 
 
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Title: Parametric sensitivity analysis of a heavy duty passenger vehicle suspension system
Author (s): T. Ram Mohan Rao and G. Venkata Rao
Abstract:

Suspension system design plays an important role in improving passenger comfort and road holding capabilities of an automobile. There is a compromise between the road holding and ride comfort. While Ride comfort is directly related to the acceleration sensed by passengers when traveling on a rough road, road holding ability is associated with the contact forces of the tires and road surface. Suspension travel or working space refers to the relative displacement between the sprung- mass and the un- sprung masses of the vehicle. The present mathematical work aims to determine the discomfort, road holding and working space in a passenger bus by using MATLAB through a quarter car model. The variabilities in the parameters of spring stiffness and damping are used to evaluate the standard derivations of the vertical vehicle body accelerations, tire radial force and relative displacement between wheel and vertical body. The rational selection of damping and suspension stroke and an estimation of speed limits can be had from these studies.

 
 
 
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Title: Behaviour of self compacted self curing kiln ash concrete with various admixtures
Author (s): M. S. Ravikumar, Selvamony C, S. U. Kannan and S. Basil Gnanappa
Abstract:

In recent years, self-compacting concrete (SCC) has gained wide use for placement in congested reinforced concrete structures with difficult casting conditions. For such applications, the fresh concrete must possess high fluidity and good cohesiveness. The use of fine materials such as kiln ash can ensure the required   concrete properties. The initial results of an experimental program aimed at producing and evaluating SCC made with high-volumes of kiln ash are presented and discussed. Ten SCC mixtures and one control concrete were investigated in this   study. Fresh properties, flexural and compressive strengths of self compacted concrete were determined. The use of SF in concrete significantly increased the dosage of superplasticiser (SP). At the same constant SP dosage (0·8%) and mineral additives content (30%), KA can better improve the workability than that of control and fine aggregate mixtures by (5 % to 45 %). However, the results of this study suggest that certain QD, SF and KA combinations can improve the workability of SCCs, more than QD, SF and KA alone. KA can have a positive influence on the mechanical performance at early strength development while SF improved aggregate-matrix bond resulting from the formation of a less porous transition zone in Concrete. SF can better reducing effect on total water absorption while QD and KA will not have the same effect, at 28 days.

 
 
 
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Title: Transient analysis of three-phase induction machine using different reference frames
Author (s): Vivek Pahwa and K.S. Sandhu

Abstract:

Three-phase induction machines are generally used as motors for many industrial applications and all this is due to its simple construction and other advantages in contrast to other machines. Popularity of these motors has resulted into a lot of research including the transient behavior of the machine. Literature survey reveals that most of the researchers adopted only a single reference frame to estimate transient behavior of the machine. In this paper qd axis based modeling is proposed to analyze the transient performance of three-phase squirrel cage induction motor using stationary reference frame, rotor reference frame and synchronously rotating reference frame. Simulated results have been compared and verified with experimental results on a test machine. A close agreement between the simulated and experimental results proves the validity of proposed modeling. The proposed system has been developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

 
 
 
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Title: Adsorption and desorption of L-phenylalanine on nano-sized magnetic particles
Author (s): N. Balaji, K. M. Meera Sheriffa Begum, N. Anantharaman and M. S. Uddin

Abstract:

Recently it has been observed that nano magnetic particles play an important role in the field of bio-separations and biomedical applications. Due to their size, nanoparticles provide large specific surface area for adsorption of solutes and this coupled with the magnetic properties of these particles offer an excellent tool to handle these particles in suspension by using magnetic field. The present work deals with the synthesis, characterization and adsorption studies on nanomagnetic particles. The nanomagnetic particles (Fe3O4) were synthesized by chemical precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ salts with alkaline medium under inert atmosphere. Characterization of magnetic particles were carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Subsequently, the adsorption studies were carried out using l-phenylalanine amino acid at different ionic strengths and from the adsorption isotherms observed, different isotherm patterns were established. The desorption of L-phenylalanine from nano magnetic particles were also performed under acidic medium.

 
 
 
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Title: Computation of available transfer capability incorporating effect of reactive power and losses using complex neural network
Author (s): D. Venu Madhava Chary and J. Amarnath
Abstract:

Transfer capability refers to the ability of a transmission network to transfer electric power reliably from an area of supply to an area of demand by way of all transmission lines (or paths) between two areas under a given operating condition. ATC is, in fact, an estimate of the near-future transmission network's capability of additional power transfer over the existing committed usage. As such, there are several uncertainties associated with the parameters and forecasting quantities used in the ATC evaluation. In this paper the aspects of ATC limited by the voltage collapse point is considered,  the main aim of this paper is to provide a fast and efficient method to compute the Voltage Stability Constrained ATC using complex valued neural network (CVNN). The proposed CVNN deals with complex value data with complex number weights and complex value neuron activation functions. The results have been presented and analyzed in this paper.

 
 
 
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Title: Bandwidth enhancement of inner shorted annular microstrip antennas
Author (s): Abdulkareem Abd Ali Mohammed and Ali Hussain Ali Yawer

Abstract:

An inner shorted annular microstrip antenna was designed using Bessel function relations and then two techniques of bandwidth enhancement has been suggested and designed and the current distribution and the radiation field with the frequency and the feed point location has been studied.

 
 
 
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Title: NOx and HC emission control using water emulsified diesel in single cylinder diesel engine
Author (s): K. Kannan and M. Udayakumar

Abstract:

This paper reports on the effect of water emulsified diesel fuel combustion on brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and NOx and hydrocarbon emissions in a diesel engine. The experiments were conducted on a single cylinder four stroke cycle direct injection diesel engine at constant speed with a fuel injection pressure of 200 bars. Tests were conducted using commercial diesel fuel and diesel fuel with 10% and 20% water by volume.  From the test results, it was found that the water emulsification has a potential to improve brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption. The NOx and HC emissions were found to decrease with increase in water percentage in the emulsified diesel.

 
 
 
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Title: Bandwidth optimization of individual hop for robust data streaming on emergency medical application
Author (s): A. K. M. Fazlul Haque, Md. Hanif Ali and M Adnan Kiber

Abstract:

This paper presents a new bandwidth estimation method for individual hop for high-speed, non-invasive, and faster convergence transmission in multiple medical data networks. Available Bandwidth Estimation Technique for individual Hops (ABETH) has been developed employing parameters like Hop (H), Capacity (C), Bandwidth (B), Available Bandwidth (AB) etc. Bandwidth estimation techniques, tools and methods are considered to develop the technique and it represents an effective combination of different other existing techniques aiming to exploit the positive aspects of them. More precisely, the technique which is implied in the method modifies and integrates the one recent tool SPRUCE which estimates available bandwidth and the IP layer capacity estimation formula which measures capacity. This technique provides a linear combination of capacity versus bandwidth which satisfies the link utilization demand.

 
 
 
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Title: Metal dusting behaviour of furnace tube alloys
Author (s): Abdulaziz Al-Meshari and John Little

Abstract:

Metal dusting has long been a chronic problem for several industrial sectors. In order to obtain a better understanding of the aspects of this failure mode, three heat-resistant alloys, KHR35C HiSi©, KHR45A LC©, and UCX© were exposed to a gas mixture of 80 vol% CO+20 vol% H2 flowing at 100cm3 min-1 at 650, 750, and 850ºC for 100h. The alloys were then characterised by visual examination, XRD, and SEM/EDX. In conclusion, KHR35C HiSi© suffered localised metal dusting at 650 and 750ºC and the attack became less aggressive with the temperature increase. The least attack on KHR35C HiSi© was however observed after exposure at 850ºC. The corrosion mode at each temperature was also elucidated. Pitting also occurred on KHR45A LC© after exposure at 650ºC but to a lesser degree compared to KHR35C HiSi©. Moreover, a few pits were observed on KHR45A LC© exposed at 750ºC with the least took place at 850ºC. UCX©, which contained the highest concentrations of chromium and nickel, exhibited the best resistance to metal dusting at the test temperatures.

 
 
 
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Title: Emission control for a glow plug direct injection CI engine using preheated coconut oil blended diesel
Author (s): Suresh R, B. Durga Prasad, S. Muthu Raman and T. Nibin

Abstract:

This paper discusses the experimental study on the reduction of energy utilisation and thereby abiding an indirect control on the emission strategies for a CI engine. Three different methods for the control of emission were carried out and the results were compared. The first method was to improve the combustion by incorporating a copper perforated medium beneath the atomised fuel spray and thereby improve the combustion through vaporisation. The second method was to use coconut oil directly as an additive to diesel. The last method was to preheat the coconut oil blended diesel. The analysis showed that of all the coconut blends, namely, 10% to 50%, 20% blended ratio found a good place in both fuel efficiency and reduced emissions. Similarly, the preheated blends showed still drastic reductions in emissions even for higher proportions of coconut oil.

 
 
 
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